Misplaced Pages

Hillsong Church: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editNext edit →Content deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 06:10, 8 April 2021 editMusikBot II (talk | contribs)Bots, Interface administrators, Administrators103,991 editsm Removing protection templates from unprotected page (more info)Tag: Reverted← Previous edit Revision as of 06:58, 8 April 2021 edit undoWalter Görlitz (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers294,571 edits Restored revision 1013612764 by DadaNeem (talk): RestoredTags: citing a blog or free web host Twinkle UndoNext edit →
Line 1: Line 1:
{{EngvarB|date=January 2021}}
{{redirect|Dahmer}}
{{POV|talk=Neutrality Issues|date=December 2020}}
{{short description|American serial killer and cannibal}}
{{use mdy dates|date=May 2012}} {{Use Australian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox serial killer
{{Infobox church
| name = Jeffrey Dahmer
| name = Hillsong Church
| image = Jeffrey Dahmer Milwaukee Police 1991 mugshot.jpg
| fullname =
| caption = Mug shot of Dahmer taken by the ], July 1991
| img = Hillsong Convention Centre.jpg
| birth_name = Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer
| caption = Hillsong Convention Centre in the ]
| alias =
| denomination = Hillsong, ], ]
*The Milwaukee Cannibal
| founded date = 1983
*The Milwaukee Monster
| seniorpastor = ] and ]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1960|5|21}}
| country = Australia
| birth_place = ], ], U.S.
| attendance = claims 150,000 (World), 43,000 (Australia)
| parents = Joyce Annette (''née'' Flint)<br />Lionel Herbert Dahmer
| musicgroup = {{ubl| ] | ] | ]}}
| death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|1994|11|28|1960|5|21}}}}
| logo = Hillsong Church logo.png
| death_place = ], ], U.S.
| website = {{URL|hillsong.com}}
| cause = ] (severe ])
| embedded = {{Infobox Christian denomination
| resting_place = ], ashes given to parents
| icon =
| victims = 17
| icon_width =
| weight =
| icon_alt =
| country = United States
| name = Hillsong Church
| states = ], Wisconsin
| image =
| beginyear = June 18, 1978
| imagewidth =
| endyear = July 19, 1991
| alt =
| apprehended = July 22, 1991
| caption =
| conviction = {{Unbulleted list|]|]|]|]|]}}
| abbreviation =
| sentence = ] (16 life terms) 941 years in prison
| main_classification =
| imprisoned = ]
| orientation =
| education = ]
| scripture =
| alma_mater = ] (incomplete program)
| theology = ]
| occupation = {{Unbulleted list|U.S. Army combat medic (discharged)|Former delicatessen employee|Former phlebotomist|Chocolate factory worker}}
| polity =
| governance =
| structure =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 =
| leader_name3 =
| fellowships_type =
| fellowships =
| fellowships_type1 =
| fellowships1 =
| division_type =
| division =
| division_type1 =
| division1 =
| division_type2 =
| division2 =
| division_type3 =
| division3 =
| associations =
| area =
| liturgy =
| headquarters =
| origin_link =
| founder =
| founded_date =
| founded_place =
| separated_from =
| branched_from =
| merger =
| absorbed =
| separations =
| merged_into =
| defunct =
| congregations_type =
| congregations =
| members = 150,000
| ministers_type =
| ministers =
| missionaries =
| churches = 80<ref>{{cite web |last1=Casidy |first1=Riza |title=The rise and rise of Hillsong, and what other Australian churches should learn from them |url=https://theconversation.com/the-rise-and-rise-of-hillsong-and-what-other-australian-churches-should-learn-from-them-94487#:~:text=Founded%20as%20a%20single%20church,its%20services%20every%20week%20globally. |website=The Conversation |access-date=18 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
| hospitals =
| nursing_homes =
| aid = Hillsong City Care
| primary_schools =
| secondary_schools =
| tax_status =
| tertiary =
| other_names =
| publications =
| website =
| slogan =
| logo =
| footnotes =
}}
}} }}
'''Hillsong Church''', commonly known as '''Hillsong''', is a ] ] based in Australia.<ref>{{cite web |title=What is Hillsong? |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/topics/video/1079197763797/What-is-Hillsong |website=Topics |language=en}}</ref> The church, originally called Hills Christian Life Centre, was established in 1983 in ], by ] and his wife ]. The church is also known for its worship music, with groups such as ], ] and ]. Until separating from it in 2018, Hillsong was a member of the ] (the Australian branch of the ]).


== History ==
'''Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|ɑː|m|ər}}; May 21, 1960 – November 28, 1994), also known as the '''Milwaukee Cannibal''' or the '''Milwaukee Monster''', was a convicted American ] and ] who committed the murder and ] of 17 men and boys between 1978 and 1991. Many of his later murders involved ],{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=136}} ], and the permanent preservation of body parts—typically all or part of the ].{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=214}}
Hillsong is a megachurch that has been described by popular music scholar Tom Wagner as a "confluence of sophisticated marketing techniques and popular music".<ref name="routledge">{{Cite book |last=Wagner |first=Tom |title="Branding, Music, and Religion: Standardization and Adaptation in the Experience of the 'Hillsong Sound.'" In Religions as Brands: New Perspectives on the Marketization of Religion and Spirituality, edited by Jean-Claude Usunier and Jörg Stolz |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-4094-6755-7 |location=Farnham, UK |pages=59–74}}</ref> The music of Hillsong United and Hillsong Worship are credited with driving Hillsong's global popularity.<ref name="routledge" /> Through the 1980s and 1990s, the congregation grew from 45 members to nearly 20,000 and emerged as a significant influence in the area of ]. This was a result of strategic marketing that targeted younger generations and Hillsong's success at establishing itself as a global music standard.<ref name=tapper />


]
Although he was diagnosed with ],{{sfn|Dvorchak|Holewa|1992}} ],<ref>{{cite book|last=Ellens|first=J. Harold|title=Explaining Evil, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E4_jAxfgteoC&pg=PA181|publisher=Praeger|location=Santa Barbara, CA|date=2011|isbn=978-0-313-38715-9|page=181}}</ref> and a ], Dahmer was found to be legally ] at his trial. He was convicted of 15 of the 16 murders he had committed in ], and was sentenced to 15 terms of ] on February 15, 1992.{{sfn|Campbell}} Dahmer was later sentenced to a 16th term of life imprisonment for an additional homicide committed in ] in 1978.


Originally, services were held at the Baulkham Hills Public School hall.<ref name="palgrave">{{Cite book |last1=Riches |first1=Tanya |title=The Hillsong Movement Examined: You Call Me Out Upon the Waters |last2=Wagner |first2=Tom |date=2 November 2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-59656-3}}</ref> In 1997, the church moved into its new building at ] Norwest Business Park. A new convention centre at the church's "Hills" location, was opened on 19 October 2002 by ], the then ].<ref>The Sun-Herald, smh.com.au, , Australia, 7 November 2004</ref> During the 1990s, Kiev Christian Life Centre, now ], and London Christian Life Centre, now ], were ] from Hillsong Church as independent churches.
On November 28, 1994, Dahmer was beaten to death by ], a fellow inmate at the ] in ].


In March 2007, Hillsong Kiev planted an offshoot church in Moscow, which started regular services in July 2007.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 July 2007 |title=Kyiv Evangelicals Open Hillsong Moscow Church |publisher=Religious Information Service of Ukraine |url=http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/news/article;16898/ |url-status=dead |access-date=23 August 2007 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120910211949/http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/news/article;16898/ |archive-date=10 September 2012}}</ref> It was announced in October 2007 that ] and Lucinda Dooley would plant a Hillsong Church in South Africa in March 2008. Hillsong ], Sweden, formerly known as Passion Church, was planted in 2008–2009.<ref>http://www.dagen.se/dagen/article.aspx?id=162417 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318094918/http://www.dagen.se/dagen/article.aspx?id=162417 |date=18 March 2012 }}, Passion Church now named Hillsong Church Stockholm</ref><ref>, Hillsong Church Stockholm Andreas Nielsen</ref>
==Early life==


In 2017, Hillsong announced it would be opening a church in ], Israel.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gledhill |first=Ruth |title=Hillsong To Open Its First Church in Israel, Pastor Brian Houston Announces on Instagram |url=https://www.christiantoday.com/article/hillsong-to-open-its-first-church-in-israel-pastor-brian-houston-announces-on-instagram/104660.htm |access-date=3 December 2017}}</ref> Hillsong United featured ], a ], in their music video ''Prince of Peace''. The video was recorded live in Israel and shows a stone at the entrance of Nassar's farm, which has the words "We refuse to be enemies" written on it.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 2016 |title=Hillsong United features Palestinian Christians in Music Video |url=https://bethbc.edu/blog/2016/10/20/hillsong-united-features-palestinian-christians-in-music-video/ |access-date=3 December 2017 |publisher=Bethlehem Bible College}}</ref>
===Childhood===
Dahmer was born May 21, 1960, in ], ],{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=26}} the first of two sons of Joyce Annette ('']'' Flint), a ] instructor,{{sfn|Campbell}} and Lionel Herbert Dahmer, a ] chemistry student. Lionel Dahmer was of German and Welsh ancestry,{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=19}} and Joyce Dahmer was of Norwegian and Irish ancestry.<ref>{{cite book |first= Charles |last= Klotsche| title= The Silent Victims: The Aftermath of Failed Children on Their Mothers' Lives |publisher=Pan American Press |location=Los Angeles|year= 1995|isbn= 0-9673890-2-X |pages= 19–20}}</ref>


In 2018, it was announced that Hillsong would be expanding into Canada and Mexico, with the launch of Hillsong Toronto on 23 September 2018<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2018 |title=Yes, this is Sunday Mass in Toronto |url=https://torontolife.com/city/religious-revolution-in%e2%80%afthe-making/ |website=Toronto Life}}</ref> and Hillsong Monterrey later that year.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pitchford-English |first=Leila |title=Facets of Faith: Australia's Hillsong heads to Baton Rouge |work=The Advocate |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/entertainment_life/faith/article_fd932504-36b6-11e8-804b-6b8566e3efea.html |access-date=30 July 2018}}</ref>
It has been claimed that Dahmer was deprived of attention as an infant.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Willem |last=Martens |title=Sadism Linked to Loneliness: Psychodynamic dimensions of the Sadistic Serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer |journal=] |publisher=]|location=New York City|date=August 2011 |volume=98|issue=4|pages=493–514 |doi= 10.1521/prev.2011.98.4.493 |pmid=21864144}}</ref> Other sources, however, suggest that Dahmer was generally doted upon as an infant and toddler by both parents, although his mother was known to be tense, greedy for both attention and pity, and argumentative with her husband and their neighbors.{{sfn|Campbell|p=11}}


In September 2018, Hillsong left the Australian Christian Churches (of which Houston had been national superintendent/president from 1997 to 2009) to become an autonomous denomination, identifying itself more as a global and ] church.<ref>Leonardo Blair, , ''The Christian Post'', USA, 19 September 2018</ref> According to both Hillsong and ACC, the parting was amicable.<ref name="split">{{Cite news |date=19 September 2018 |title=Hillsong splits from denomination: 'we have no grief or dispute at all' - Premier |work=Premier |url=https://www.premier.org.uk/News/World/Hillsong-splits-from-denomination-we-have-no-grief-or-dispute-at-all |access-date=19 September 2018}}</ref>
As Dahmer entered first grade, Joyce began to spend an increasing amount of time in bed recovering from weakness. Lionel's university studies kept him away from home much of the time; when he was home, his wife—a ] who suffered from depression—demanded constant attention.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=32}} She reportedly worked herself into a state of anxiety over trivial matters simply to earn appeasement from her husband. On one occasion, she is known to have ] with ].{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=32}} Consequently, neither parent devoted much time to their son, who later recollected that, from an early age, he felt "unsure of the solidity of the family",{{sfn|Masters|1993|pp=32-39}} recalling extreme tension and numerous arguments between his parents during his early years.{{sfn|Norris|1992|pp=69–70}}


In October 2020, they purchased the ] venue in Melbourne to become the home of Hillsong Church Melbourne City's weekly church services after undergoing renovations to better suit the new uses.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fuamoli |first1=Words by Sose |title=Hillsong has bought Melbourne's iconic Festival Hall |url=https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/news/musicnews/hillsong-has-bought-melbournes-iconic-festival-hall/12813314 |website=triple j |access-date=15 December 2020 |date=26 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hillsong Church Buys Iconic Melbourne Music Venue |url=https://themusic.com.au/news/festival-hall-hillsong-sale/2bfBzczPzvE/26-10-20/ |website=The Music}}</ref>
Dahmer had been an "energetic and happy child" but became notably subdued after ] surgery shortly before his fourth birthday.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=30}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Jeffrey Dahmer|url=https://www.biography.com/crime-figure/jeffrey-dahmer|website=]|publisher=]|access-date=June 14, 2017}}</ref> At elementary school, Dahmer was regarded as quiet and timid; one teacher later recollected she detected early signs of ]{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=61}} in Dahmer due to his mother's illnesses, the symptoms of which increased when she became pregnant with her second child.{{sfn|Norris|1992|pp=61–62}} Nonetheless, in grade school, Dahmer did have a small number of friends.{{sfn|Masters|1993|pp=35–36}}


==Statistics==
From an early age, Dahmer manifested an interest in dead animals. He initially collected large insects, such as dragonflies and butterflies, in jars. Later he collected animal carcasses, occasionally accompanied by one or more friends; he dismembered these animals either at home or in nearby woodland. According to one friend, Dahmer dismembered these animals and stored the parts in jars in the family's toolshed, explaining that he was curious as to how animals "fitted together".{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=63}} His fascination with dead animals may have begun when, at the age of four, he saw his father removing animal bones from beneath the family home. According to Lionel, Dahmer was "oddly thrilled" by the sound the bones made, and became preoccupied with animal bones. He occasionally searched beneath and around the family home for additional bones, and explored the bodies of live animals to discover where their bones were located.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=32}} In one instance, Dahmer ] the carcass of a dog before nailing the body to a tree and impaling the skull{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=47}} on a stake beside a wooden cross in the woodland behind his house.{{sfn|Aggrawal|2016|p=127}}{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|p=80}}
Hillsong Church reports 150,000 members in 23 countries.<ref>Hillsong Church, , hillsong.com, Australia, retrieved 30 May 2020</ref> In Australia, the denomination reported 30 churches and 43,000 members in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2018 Annual Report |url=https://hillsong.com/policies/annual-report-australia/ |access-date=7 February 2020}}</ref>


==Organisation==
In October 1966, the family moved to ].{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=34}} When Joyce gave birth in December, Jeffrey was allowed to choose the name of his new baby brother; he chose the name David.{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|p=61}} The same year, Lionel earned his degree and started work as an ] in nearby ].{{sfn|Davis|1991|p=20}}


===Leadership===
In 1968, the family moved to ]. Two years later, during a chicken dinner, Dahmer asked Lionel what would happen if the chicken bones were placed in bleach.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=39}} Lionel, pleased by Dahmer's curiosity, demonstrated how to safely bleach and preserve animal bones. Dahmer incorporated these preserving techniques into his bone collecting.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=46}} The same year, Joyce began increasing her daily consumption of Equanil, laxatives, and sleeping pills, further minimizing her tangible contact with her husband and children.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=39}}
The founders, Brian and Bobbie Houston, are currently the global senior pastors of Hillsong Church. The church is governed by a board of ].<ref name="Hillsong Church">{{Cite web |title=Hillsong Church's Leadership |url=http://www.hillsong.com/leadership |access-date=2 October 2012 |publisher=Hillsong Church}}</ref> The elders lead the church spiritually as well as act as a board of directors. The members of "The Hillsong Eldership" are senior executive staff and business leaders from Hillsong's congregation. Elders are appointed for one year, with renewable terms.<ref>''The Sydney Morning Herald'', {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604100014/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/01/28/1043804401241.html |date=4 June 2016 }}</ref>


===Ministry===
===Adolescence and high school===
From his freshman year at ], Dahmer was seen as an outcast.{{refn|group=n|It has been suggested, in a 2002 paper by Silva, Ferrari and Leong published in the '']'', that Dahmer may have suffered from ].{{sfn|Aggrawal|2016|p=127}}}} By the age of 14, he had begun drinking beer and hard alcohol in daylight hours;{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=74}} frequently concealing his liquor inside the lining of the army fatigue jacket he wore to school.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://biographics.org/jeffrey-dahmer-biography-the-cannibal-killer/|work=iographics.org|title=Jeffrey Dahmer Biography: The Cannibal Killer|access-date=January 22, 2021|date=July 13, 2018}}</ref> He is known to have mentioned to one classmate who inquired why he was drinking ] in a morning history class that the alcohol he consumed was " medicine".<ref>{{cite news|first1=James|last1=Barron |first2=Mary B. W.|last2=Tabor |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JTUdAAAAIBAJ&pg=6988,582043 |title=Dahmer Spent Years Crying Out For Attention |newspaper=] |publisher=New Media Investment Group, Inc.|location=Tuscaloosa, Alabama|date=August 3, 1991 |access-date=August 24, 2017|pages=1A, 6A}}</ref><ref name="Medicine">{{cite news |first1=James |last1=Barron |first2=Mary B.W.|last2=Tabor|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/04/us/17-killed-and-a-life-is-searched-for-clues.html|title=17 Killed, and a Life Is Searched for Clues|work=] |publisher=]|location=New York City|date=August 4, 1991|access-date=April 30, 2018}}</ref> Although largely uncommunicative, in his freshman year, Dahmer was seen by staff as polite and highly intelligent but with average grades.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=45}} He was a keen tennis player and played briefly in the high school band.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=42}}


Hillsong's various ministries include Hillsong Music, Hillsong Kids, Hillsong Youth, Hillsong Sisterhood, Hillsong Men, ], Hillsong CityCare, ], ], TV & Film, Hillsong Performing Arts Academy and Hillsong Health Centre. Their total facilities are estimated to be worth around $100&nbsp;million.<ref name="sage">{{Cite book |last=James |first=Jonathan D. |title=A Moving Faith: Mega Churches Go South |date=4 February 2015 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=978-93-5150-472-6}}</ref>
]
When he reached puberty, Dahmer discovered he was gay;{{sfn|Masters|1993|pp=43–44}} he did not tell his parents. In his early teens, he had a brief relationship with another teenage boy, although they never had ].{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=43}} By Dahmer's later admission, he began fantasizing about dominating and controlling a completely submissive male partner in his early- to mid-teens, and his masturbatory fantasies gradually evolved to his focusing upon the chests and torsos of the focus of his fantasies. These fantasies gradually became intertwined with ].{{sfn|Masters|1993|pp=51–52}} When he was about 16, Dahmer conceived a fantasy of rendering unconscious a particular male jogger he found attractive, and then making sexual use of his body. On one occasion Dahmer concealed himself in bushes with a baseball bat to lay in wait for this man; however, he did not pass by on that particular day.{{sfn|Masters|1993|pp=51–52}} Dahmer later said this was his first attempt to attack someone.


====Hillsong Sisterhood====
Despite being regarded as a loner and an oddball among his peers at RHS, Dahmer became something of a ] who often staged pranks,{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=76}} which became known as "Doing a Dahmer"; these included bleating and simulating ]s or ],<ref>{{cite book |first= John |last= Backderf |title= My Friend Dahmer |publisher= ] |location= New York City |year= 2012 |isbn= 978-1-4197-0217-4 |url-access= registration |url= https://archive.org/details/myfrienddahmergr0000derf }}</ref> at school and local stores.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=77}}
Bobbie Houston has been especially influential in Hillsong's ministry for women, called Sisterhood. She is a mentor to many of Hillsong's women leaders. Although Hillsong generally supports the traditional roles of wife and mother for women, the church's position is that their ministries "empower" women. Riches found via interviews with attendees that the ministries increased women's choice regarding around sexuality and child rearing; encouraged women to start small businesses and to take on promotions at work; facilitated women's participation in cultural events, as well as promoted women's voices in religious teaching and public life.<ref>(Riches, T. 2016. The Sisterhood: Hillsong in a Feminine Key in Wagner and Riches. The Hillsong Movement Examined: You Call Me Out Upon the Waters. NY: Palgrave McMillan, p 100</ref> Church members have described Hillsong's leadership development as a process that supports women's movement from timid, supportive wife into leadership roles within the Church. The Sisterhood is involved in issues like HIV, domestic violence and human trafficking. Their midweek gathering is primarily for women. It is attended by all female staff members and is the foundation of Hillsong's women's ministries. The Thursday meeting for mothers increasingly now includes businesswomen. They also have special quarterly "Sisterhood United" night meetings that include working women. Members of the church say that Bobbie's authority as a leader comes from "a pentecostal understanding of Spirit empowerment".<ref name=palgrave/>


====Hillsong City Care====
By 1977, Dahmer's grades had declined;{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|pp=76–79}} his parents hired a private tutor, with limited success. The same year, in an attempt to save their marriage, his parents attended counseling sessions. They continued to quarrel frequently. When Lionel discovered Joyce had engaged in a brief affair in September 1977, they both decided to divorce, telling their sons they wished to do so amicably. Lionel moved out of the house in early 1978, temporarily residing in a motel on North Cleveland Massillon Road.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=56}}<ref>{{cite news|first=Mary B.W.|last=Taylor|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/04/us/17-killed-and-a-life-is-searched-for-clues.html |title=Seventeen Killed, and a Life Is Searched For Clues|work=The New York Times |location=New York City|date=August 4, 1991|access-date=March 25, 2021}}</ref>
In 1986 a social engagement program called CityCare was established offering various community services including personal development programs, counseling services, a health centre and youth mentoring. CityCare's "street teams" worked within the community to care for, feed and clothe the homeless. Also in 1986, the first Hillsong conference was held with 150 attendees. In 1999 Hillsong Church was founded when the Hills Christian Life Centre merged with the Sydney Christian Life Centre.<ref name="palgrave" />


In July 2008, concerns were raised by some teachers, parents and experts about the Hillsong City Care Shine program for girls being run in New South Wales public schools, community groups and the juvenile justice system. The concerns include that the program is "inappropriate for troubled young women, that the under-qualified facilitators are reinforcing gender stereotypes and that some parents have not been properly informed" and that "the program encourages girls to be subservient by teaching them that they need to be attractive to men".<ref>{{Citation |title=Hillsong's school grooming talks 'help girls' |date=28 July 2008 |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/07/28/2316580.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222023206/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/07/28/2316580.htm |place=AU |publisher=ABC |access-date=28 July 2008 |archive-date=22 February 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hillsong claimed that parents were supportive and that the program broke down barriers in a group situation.<ref>{{Citation |last=Bibby |first=Paul |title=Hillsong hits schools with beauty gospel |date=26 July 2008 |url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2008/07/25/1216492732905.html?page%3Dfullpage |work=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007091455/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2008/07/25/1216492732905.html?page=fullpage |access-date=28 July 2008 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> In a further response, Hillsong denied that the program had been used for evangelism,<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2008 |title=Shine: Demystifying the Beauty Myth |url=http://www2.hillsong.com/church/default.asp?pid=2437 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20090115222056/http://www2.hillsong.com/church/default.asp?pid=2437 |archive-date=15 January 2009 |access-date=27 March 2020 |website=Hillsong Church}}</ref>{{cbignore|bot=InternetArchiveBot}} but a teacher's federation representative insisted that children had been exposed to religious content, such as people relating stories about finding religion and joining the Hillsong Church.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bibby |first=Paul |date=30 July 2008 |title=Hillsong accused of closet zealotry |work=] |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/hillsong-accused-of-closet-zealotry-20080729-3mhh.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 March 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200327011002/http://www.smh.com.au/national/hillsong-accused-of-closet-zealotry-20080729-3mhh.html |archive-date=27 March 2020}}</ref>{{cbignore|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}
In May 1978, Dahmer graduated from high school. A few weeks before his graduation, one of his teachers observed Dahmer sitting close to the school parking lot, drinking several cans of beer.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=57}} When the teacher threatened to report the matter, Dahmer informed him he was experiencing "a lot of problems" at home and that the school's guidance counselor was aware of them. That spring, Joyce and David moved out of the family home to live with relatives in ].{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=100}}{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=62}} Dahmer had just turned 18 and remained in the family home.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=83}} Dahmer's parents' divorce was finalized on July 24, 1978. Joyce was awarded ] of her younger son and alimony payments.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=61}}


== Beliefs ==
==Late teens and early 20s: first murder==
Hillsong was formerly affiliated with ] (the ] in Australia), part of ] Christianity. The church's beliefs are ] and Pentecostal.<ref name="Hillsbelieve">{{Cite web |title=What We Believe |url=https://hillsong.com/what-we-believe/ |access-date=10 October 2017 |publisher=Hillsong Church}}</ref>


Hillsong's positions on non-central doctrines of the faith are diverse, although individuals may have taken a public stand on many topical issues in contemporary Christianity is in keeping with mainstream Pentecostalism – e.g. opposing embryonic stem cell research and abortion based on a belief that human life commences at conception.<ref>"He would like to see creationism taught in schools and abortion banned", ''The Sydney Morning Herald'', {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160604100014/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/01/28/1043804401241.html |date= 4 June 2016 }}, 30 January 2003.</ref> Hillsong has also declared support for ] and ] and believes this should be taught in schools.<ref>"At Hillsong Church we believe that God created the world. In other words, the universe is a product of intelligent design. We also believe that science is part of humanity's search for truth, and it is therefore important for science curricula to include all valid viewpoints of the origins of life and the universe, including intelligent design." {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120227003913/http://www2.hillsong.com/media/default.asp?pid=449 |date= 27 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement 24 January 2006 |url=http://www2.hillsong.com/media/default.asp?pid=793 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060513193531/http://www2.hillsong.com/media/default.asp?pid=793 |archive-date=13 May 2006 |access-date=9 February 2012 |publisher=Hillsong}}</ref><ref>"The Assemblies of God in Australia stands with other religious leaders across the nation in its grave concerns over the recommendations of the Lockhart Review into stem cell research and human cloning released this week. 'We uphold the right for all human life, from fertilisation to death, to be protected and we believe the Committee's recommendations threaten this most basic of human rights', National President of the AOG in Australia, Brian Houston, said." {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120227004014/http://www2.hillsong.com/media/default.asp?pid=670 |date=27 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=The lord's profits |date=30 January 2003 |url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/01/28/1043804401241.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604100014/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/01/28/1043804401241.html |quote=Homosexuals are, of course, unwelcome, but Houston says he's not a Fred Nile-type fanatic on these matters |archive-date=4 June 2016}}.</ref>
===Murder of Steven Hicks===
Dahmer committed his first murder in 1978, three weeks after his graduation. At the time he was living alone in the family home in Bath. On June 18,{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=93}} Dahmer picked up a ] named Steven Mark Hicks, who was almost 19.{{sfn|Dvorchak|Holewa|1992|p=40}}<ref>{{cite news|first=Mary B.W.|last=Taylor|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/12/us/sorrow-and-frustration-on-trails-of-the-missing.html |title=Sorrow and Frustration On Trails of the Missing|work=The New York Times |location=New York City|date=August 12, 1991|access-date=July 21, 2017}}</ref> Dahmer lured the youth to his house on the pretext of the two young men drinking alcohol together. Hicks, who had been hitchhiking to a rock concert at ], Ohio, agreed to accompany Dahmer to his house upon the promise of "a few beers" with Dahmer as he had the house to himself.{{sfn|Dvorchak|Holewa|1992|p=40}}


Hillsong's ] have been criticised by Christian leaders ]<ref>{{Cite news |last=McDonell |first=Stephen |date=9 July 2004 |title=Evangelist Christian vote wanted |work=Lateline |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |url=http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2004/s1150747.htm |access-date=24 December 2006}}</ref> and ].<ref name="truebelievers">{{Cite news |date=7 November 2004 |title=Hillsong's true believers |work=] |url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/11/06/1099547435083.html |access-date=10 August 2006}}</ref> Subsequent statements by Tim Costello indicated that he was satisfied with changes made by Brian Houston to Hillsong's teaching in response to criticism.<ref>{{Citation |title=Costello's Hillsong |date=6 July 2005 |url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2005/07/05/1120329450900.html |work=The Age |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512101746/http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2005/07/05/1120329450900.html |access-date=18 July 2008 |archive-date=12 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Costello also wrote a foreword in Hillsong's 2019 annual report.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hillsong Annual Report 2019 |url=https://issuu.com/hillsong/docs/hillsong_annual_report_2019?fr=sMzU3YjE5MzkzNDg |website=issuu |access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref> Hillsong's teachings have been commented on favourably by ], Tim Costello's brother, also a ] and a former ] who has defended the church against accusations of unorthodoxy.<ref>''Lateline'' interview, {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160731053225/http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2005/s1406779.htm |date=31 July 2016}}</ref>
According to Dahmer, the sight of the bare-chested Hicks standing at the roadside stirred his sexual feelings, although when Hicks began talking about girls, he knew any sexual passes he made would be rebuffed.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=66}} After several hours of talking, drinking and listening to music, Hicks "wanted to leave and didn't want him to."<ref name="PurcellArrigo2006">{{cite book |first2=Bruce |last2= A. Arrigo |first1= Catherine E. |last1= Purcell |title= The Psychology of Lust Murder: Paraphilia, Sexual Killing, and Serial Homicide|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ScBmlAEACAAJ&pg=PA77 |year= 2006 |publisher= Academic Press |location=New York City|isbn= 978-0-12-370510-5 |page= 77 |chapter= 5}}</ref>


== Music ==
In response, Dahmer bludgeoned Hicks with a 10&nbsp;lb. ]. He later stated he struck Hicks twice from behind{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=67}} with the dumbbell as Hicks sat upon a chair. When Hicks fell unconscious, Dahmer ] him to death with the bar of the dumbbell, then stripped the clothes from Hicks' body before exploring his chest with his hands, then ] as he stood above the corpse.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=67}} The following day,{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=68}} Dahmer dissected Hicks' body in his basement; he later buried the remains in a shallow grave in his backyard{{sfn|Roy|2002|p=102}} before, several weeks later, unearthing the remains and ] the flesh from the bones.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=99}} He dissolved the flesh in acid before flushing the solution down the toilet; he crushed the bones with a ] and scattered them in the woodland behind the family home.{{sfn|Dvorchak|Holewa|1992|pp=43–44}}
{{Main|Hillsong Music|Hillsong musicians|List of Hillsong albums|List of Hillsong songs}}


Hillsong Church has produced over 40 albums, which have sold over 11 million copies. Albums are produced for different ]s including Hillsong Kids for children. Hillsong Chapel features acoustic arrangements, which are "quieter" than the electric guitar, keyboard and drums that are typical of Hillsong's music.<ref name=routledge /> Hillsong's albums are produced by ]. Hillsong's congregational music has been the dominant source of the church's influence in the ] movement.
===College and Army service===
Six weeks after the murder of Hicks, Dahmer's father and his fiancée returned to his home, where they discovered Jeffrey living alone at the house. That August, Dahmer enrolled at ] (OSU), hoping to major in business.{{sfn|Dvorchak|Holewa|1992|p=46}} Dahmer's sole term at OSU was completely unproductive, largely because of his persistent alcohol abuse throughout the majority of the term. He received failing grades in Introduction to Anthropology, Classical Civilizations, and Administrative Science. The only course Dahmer was successful at was Riflery, having received a B- grade. His overall GPA was 0.45/4.0.{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|p=105}}{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|pp=103–104}} On one occasion, Lionel paid a surprise visit to his son, only to find his room strewn with empty liquor bottles. Despite his father having paid in advance for the second term, Dahmer dropped out of OSU after just three months.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=104}}


Music is central to worship at the church. Hillsong's worship leaders have generally enjoyed a high-profile international position. Early worship leaders included ] and ].<ref name="palgrave" /> Zschech was Hillsong's second worship leader and Hillsong achieved international acclaim during her ministry.<ref name=tapper /> Zschech's "Shout to the Lord" was an early hit for Hillsong in mid-1990s.<ref name=nytimes /> In 2008, ] became Hillsong's third worship leader.<ref name=tapper/>
In January 1979,{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=105}} on his father's urging, Dahmer enlisted in the ],{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|p=107}} where he trained as a medical specialist at ] in ], ]. On July 13, 1979, he was stationed in ], ], where he served as a combat medic in ], ].<ref name="Medicine"/> According to published reports, in Dahmer's first year of service, he was an "average or slightly above average" soldier.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=108}}{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|pp=108–109}}


Hillsong's worship music has been widely influential not only in Pentecostal churches, but more broadly in ] churches. Many of Hillsong's "worship expressions" have been incorporated into Evangelical services including raised hands, vocal utterance and dance.<ref name=tapper/> Hillsong Music has released over 40 albums since 1992, many of them achieving gold status in Australia and one of them, '']'', achieving platinum status.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Donovan |first=Kevin |date=5 July 2006 |title=Hillsong Launches 20th Conference, New Album |url=http://www.christianpost.com/article/20060705/22715_Hillsong_Launches_20th_Conference,_New_Album.htm |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722104432/http://www.christianpost.com/article/20060705/22715_Hillsong_Launches_20th_Conference,_New_Album.htm |archive-date=22 July 2012 |access-date=28 May 2018 |website=The Christian Post}}</ref> The church's 2004 live ] album '']'' reached No. 1 in the mainstream Australian album charts (]).<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Australian Recording Artists Make ARIA Chart History |date=3 August 2004 |publisher=] |url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/AustralianRecordingArtistsMakeARIAChartHistory.htm |access-date=21 June 2006}}</ref>
Two soldiers attest to having been ]d by Dahmer while in the Army. One stated in 2010 that Dahmer had repeatedly raped him over a 17-month period while they were both stationed at Baumholder, while another soldier believes Dahmer drugged and raped him inside an ] in 1979.<ref>{{cite news|first=David|last=Usborne|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/soldiers-sexual-abuse-and-the-serial-killer-the-us-military-s-secret-sexual-assaults-8679271.html|title=Soldiers, Sexual Abuse – and the Serial Killer: The US Military's Secret Sexual Assaults |work=]|publisher=Independent Print Ltd.|location=London, England|date=June 28, 2013|access-date=November 4, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first1=Jennifer|last1=Freyd|first2=Pamela|last2=Birrell|title=Blind to Betrayal: Why We Fool Ourselves We Aren't Being Fooled|publisher=Turner Publishing|location=Nashville, Tennessee|date=2013|isbn=978-0-470-60440-3|page=40}}</ref> Owing to Dahmer's alcohol abuse, his performance deteriorated and, in March 1981, he was deemed unsuitable for military service and was later discharged from the Army.{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|pp=110–111}} He received an ], as his superiors did not believe that any problems Dahmer had in the Army would be applicable to civilian life.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=78}}


In September 2012, Hillsong produced ''The Global Project'', a collection of their most popular songs released in nine different languages including Spanish, Portuguese, Korean, Mandarin, Indonesian, German, French, Swedish and Russian.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2012 |title=Hillsong takes worship songs to the world |url=http://www.christiantoday.com/article/hillsong.takes.worship.songs.to.the.world/30545.htm |access-date=25 January 2013 |website=Christian Today}}</ref>
On March 24, 1981, Dahmer was sent to ], ], for ] and provided with a plane ticket to travel anywhere in the country. Dahmer later told police he felt he could not return home to face his father, so he opted to travel to ], ], both because he was "tired of the cold"<ref name="adamWalsh">{{cite web |url=http://www.wisn.com/news/10903529/detail.html |title=Did Dahmer Have One More Victim? |work=The Milwaukee Channel |access-date=February 5, 2007 |date=February 1, 2007 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222031507/http://www.wisn.com/news/10903529/detail.html |archive-date=February 22, 2012}}</ref> and in an attempt to live by his own means. In Florida, Dahmer found employment at a ] and rented a room in a nearby motel. Dahmer spent most of his salary on alcohol, and was soon evicted from the motel for non-payment. He initially spent his evenings on the beach as he continued to work at the sandwich shop until phoning his father and asking to return to Ohio in September of the same year.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=80}}


===Hillsong United===
=== Return to Ohio and relocation to West Allis, Wisconsin ===
{{main|Hillsong United}}


Hillsong United is Hillsong's most popular band. Their song "]" was No. 1 on the ''Billboard Hot Christian Songs'' list for a full year.<ref name="palgrave" /> It was the No. 1 song on the Billboard Christian Songs chart in 2014<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hot Christian Songs - Year-End 2014 - Billboard |url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2014/hot-christian-songs |access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref> and 2016,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hot Christian Songs - Year-End 2016 - Billboard |url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2016/hot-christian-songs |access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref> No. 2 for 2015,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hot Christian Songs - Year-End 2015 - Billboard |url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2015/hot-christian-songs |access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref> and the No. 1 song of the 2010s decade.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hot Christian Songs – Decade-End 2010s |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/hillsong-united/chart-history/3AT |access-date=31 October 2019 |website=Billboard}}</ref> ''The New York Times'' described their music as "ornate mainstream arena rock but with God-only lyrics that are vetted for adherence to ]".<ref name="nytimes">{{Cite news |last=Coscarelli |first=Joe |date=14 September 2016 |title='Hillsong' Casts a Secular Lens on an Evangelical Band |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/15/arts/music/hillsong-united-church-documentary.html |access-date=3 December 2017 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ], Hillsong's creative director, leads Hillsong United.
After his return to Ohio, Dahmer initially resided with his father and stepmother and insisted on being delegated numerous chores to occupy his time while he looked for work. He continued to drink heavily, and two weeks after his return Dahmer was arrested for ],{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|p=114}} for which he was fined $60 and given a ].{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=125}} Dahmer's father tried unsuccessfully to wean his son off alcohol. In December 1981, he and Dahmer's stepmother sent him to live with his grandmother in ]. Dahmer's grandmother was the only family member to whom he displayed any affection.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=82}} They hoped that her influence, plus the change of scenery, might persuade Dahmer to refrain from alcohol, find a job, and live responsibly.{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|p=115}}{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|p=117}}


===Hillsong Worship===
Initially, Dahmer's living arrangements with his grandmother were harmonious: he accompanied her to church; willingly undertook chores; actively sought work; and abided by most of her house rules (although he did continue to drink and smoke).{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|p=83}} This new influence in his life initially brought results and, in early 1982, Dahmer found employment as a ] at the Milwaukee Blood Plasma Center. He held this job for a total of 10 months before being laid off.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=82}} Dahmer remained unemployed for over two years, during which he lived upon whatever money his grandmother gave him.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=135}}
{{main|Hillsong Worship}}


The Hillsong Worship albums, formerly led by Darlene Zschech and ], all achieved gold status in Australia. The live album series was recorded at the Sydney campus(es) and then edited and produced by ]. The worship series began as a compilation of songs and developed into studio recorded albums. To help make Hillsong Music mainstream, an agreement with ] took place in 1999. In 2003, ] also signed with Hillsong Music to make the group even more mainstream.<ref name="About Us">{{Cite web |title=About us |url=http://distribution.hillsong.com/help/about |access-date=11 September 2012 |publisher=Hillsong Church}}</ref> In 2018, Hillsong Worship won its first Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song for "What a Beautiful Name".<ref name="Australia">{{Cite web |title=Australia's Hillsong musical group wins Grammy Award |url=https://au.news.yahoo.com/a/38750837/hillsong-worship-wins-grammy-award/ |access-date=29 January 2018 |publisher=7 News}}</ref>
Shortly before losing his job, Dahmer was arrested for ]. On August 7, 1982, at ], he was observed to expose himself to a crowd of 25 women and children. For this incident, he was convicted and fined $50 plus court costs.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=86}}


===Hillsong Young & Free===
In January 1985, Dahmer was hired as a mixer at the Milwaukee Ambrosia Chocolate Factory, where he worked from 11&nbsp;p.m to 7&nbsp;a.m. six nights per week, with Saturday evenings off. Shortly after Dahmer found this employment, an incident occurred in which he was propositioned by another man while sitting reading in the West Allis Public Library. The stranger threw Dahmer a note offering to perform ] upon him. Although Dahmer did not respond to this proposition,{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=88}} the incident stirred in his mind the fantasies of control and dominance he had developed as a teenager, and he began to familiarize himself with Milwaukee's ]s, ]s and bookstores. He is also known to have stolen a male ] from a store,{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|pp=119–120}} which he briefly used for sexual stimulation, until his grandmother discovered the item stowed in a closet and demanded that he discard it.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=91}}
{{main|Hillsong Young & Free}}


Hillsong Young & Free was established in 2012 as a new branch of Hillsong's ministry. Hillsong Church has been successful at adjusting the musical style of their ministries to keep up with changing musical trends. Hillsong Young & Free was launched to attract ] youth worshippers. The style of music in this particular ministry reflects features of musical genres that are popular with this target demographic, including ].<ref name="tapper">{{Cite book |last=Tapper |first=Michael A. |title=Canadian Pentecostals, the Trinity, and Contemporary Worship Music: The Things We Sing |date=11 May 2017 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-34332-0}}</ref>
By late 1985, Dahmer had begun to regularly frequent the bathhouses, which he later described as being "relaxing places",{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=92}} but during his sexual encounters, he became frustrated at his partners' moving during the sexual act. Following his arrest, he stated: "I trained myself to view people as objects of pleasure instead of people".{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=92}} For this reason, beginning in June 1986, he administered ] to his partners, giving them liquor laced with the ]s, then raping their unconscious bodies. After approximately 12 such instances, the bathhouses' administration revoked Dahmer's membership, and he began to use hotel rooms to continue this practice.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=94}}


===Hillsong Kids===
Shortly after his membership of the bathhouses was revoked,{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=136}} Dahmer read a report in a newspaper regarding the upcoming funeral of an 18-year-old male. He conceived the idea of stealing the freshly interred corpse and taking it home.<ref name="Schwartz">{{cite book |last= Schwartz |first= Anne E. |title= The Man Who Could Not Kill Enough: The Secret Murders of Milwaukee's Jeffrey Dahmer |date= 1992 |publisher= Citadel |isbn= 978-1-55972-117-2 |url= https://archive.org/details/manwhocouldnotki00schw}}</ref> According to Dahmer, he attempted to dig up the coffin from the ground, but found the soil too hard and abandoned the plan.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=97}}
Hillsong Kids were children's songs from Hillsong's children's ministry. The albums ''Jesus Is My Superhero'' and ''Super Strong God'' were included on Natalie Gillespie's "Best Christian Children's Albums" lists for 2005 and 2006, respectively (published in '']'').<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gillespie |first=Natalie |title=The Best Christian Children's Albums of 2005 |url=https://www.preaching.com/articles/the-best-christian-childrens-albums-of-2005/ |access-date=27 March 2020 |website=Preaching.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gillespie |first=Natalie |title=The Best Christian Children's Albums of 2006 |url=https://www.preaching.com/articles/the-best-christian-childrens-albums-of-2006/ |access-date=27 March 2020 |website=Preaching.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gillespie |first=Natalie |date=January 2007 |title=The Best Christian Children's Albums of 2006 |work=] |url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2007/januaryweb-only/2006childrensbestof.html |url-status=unfit |access-date=27 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511060721/http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2007/januaryweb-only/2006childrensbestof.html |archive-date=11 May 2013}}</ref>


== Hillsong Channel ==
In August 1986,{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|p=131}} Dahmer was arrested for masturbating in front of two 12-year-old boys as he stood close to the ].<ref name="Bardsley-7"/>{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=137}} He initially admitted the offense and was again charged with indecent exposure, but quickly changed his story and claimed he had merely been urinating, unaware that there were witnesses. The charge was changed to ] and, on March 10, 1987, Dahmer was sentenced to one year of ], with additional instructions he was to undergo counseling.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=139}}
{{Main|Hillsong Channel}}
On 9 March 2016, the American ] ] announced a partnership with Hillsong that saw their former sub-network, The Church Channel re-imaged as the ] on 1 June 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ong |first=Czarina |date=21 March 2016 |title=Hillsong Church to launch own TV channel to 'exalt Jesus and empower people' 24/7 |work=] |url=http://www.christiantoday.com/article/hillsong.church.to.launch.own.tv.channel.to.exalt.jesus.and.empower.people.24.7/82289.htm |access-date=7 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |title=Christian Television Leader TBN Partnering With Hillsong in Launch of Innovative Worship Network |date=9 March 2016 |publisher=Trinity Broadcasting Network & Hillsong Church |url=http://www.tbn.org/announcements/christian-television-leader-tbn-partnering-with-hillsong-in-launch-of-innovative-worship-network |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref>


== Hillsong Conference ==
==Late 20s and early 30s: subsequent murders==
{{Main|Hillsong Conference}}
]
Hillsong Conference is a mid-year week long annual conference in Sydney, London and New York later each year. First started in 1986, it has now grown to be the largest annual conference in Australia.


The conference is hosted by Hillsong Church and Lead Pastors ] and ], and involves a variety of guests from across the globe. Baptist minister ] described the conference as having, "a kind of electric, almost carnival atmosphere... the delegates were full of anticipation and excitement."<ref name="FrostTimes">{{Cite news |last=Frost |first=Michael |date=16 July 2011 |title=Hillsong shows it is in tune with the times |work=] |id={{ProQuest|876848999}}}}</ref>
===Ambassador Hotel===
On November 20, 1987, Dahmer—at the time residing with his grandmother in West Allis—encountered a 25-year-old man from ], ], Steven Tuomi, at a bar and persuaded him to return to the Ambassador Hotel in Milwaukee, where Dahmer had rented a room for the evening. According to Dahmer, he had no intention of murdering Tuomi, but rather intended to drug and rape him as he lay unconscious. The following morning, however, Dahmer awoke to find Tuomi lying beneath him on the bed, his chest "crushed in" and "black and blue" with bruises. Blood was also seeping from the corner of his mouth, and Dahmer's fists and one forearm were extensively bruised. Dahmer stated he had no memory of having killed Tuomi,<ref name="Bardsley-7"/>{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=137}}{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=141}} and later informed investigators that he "could not believe this had happened."


== Other media ==
To dispose of Tuomi's body, Dahmer purchased a large suitcase in which he transported the body to his grandmother's residence. There, one week later,{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=110}} he severed the head, arms, and legs from the torso,{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=137}} then filleted the bones from the body before cutting the flesh into pieces small enough to handle. Dahmer then placed the flesh inside plastic garbage bags.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=110}} He wrapped the bones inside a sheet and pounded them into splinters with a sledgehammer. The entire dismemberment process took Dahmer approximately two hours to complete, and he disposed of all of Tuomi's remains—excluding the severed head{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=111}}—in the trash.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=142}}
On 16 September 2016, the documentary '']'', directed by Michael John Warren, was released to cinemas across the United States.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Coscareli |first=Joe |date=14 September 2016 |title='Hillsong' Casts a Secular Lens on an Evangelical Band |work=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/15/arts/music/hillsong-united-church-documentary.html |access-date=15 September 2016}}</ref> The film explores Hillsong's beginnings and its rise to prominence as an international church. The main focus is on the band Hillsong United as they write songs for their upcoming album and work toward a performance at The Forum in Los Angeles.


== Political influence ==
For a total of two weeks following Tuomi's murder, Dahmer retained the victim's head wrapped in a blanket. After two weeks, Dahmer boiled the head in a mixture of Soilex (an ]-based industrial detergent) and bleach in an effort to retain the skull, which he then used as stimulus for masturbation. Eventually, the skull was rendered too brittle by this bleaching process, so Dahmer pulverized and disposed of it.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=111}}


Hillsong Church has attracted support from high-profile politicians, especially from the ].{{Citation needed|reason=The article talks about Labor donations and support too, is this accurate?|date=December 2020}} In 1998, Brian Houston met with then prime minister of Australia, John Howard, and most of his ], at ] in ] before sharing prayers.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Houston |first1=Brian |title=The Church That I See.… |last2=Houston, Bobbie |publisher=Hillsong Church |year=2003 |page=122}}</ref> In 2002, John Howard opened the Hillsong Convention Centre at the Baulkham Hills location.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Houston |first1=Brian |title=The Church That I See.… |last2=Houston, Bobbie |publisher=Hillsong Church |year=2003 |page=142}}</ref> In 2004 and 2005, the then ], ], spoke at its annual conferences. ], the then ], declined Hillsong's invitation to the 2004 conference,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Henderson |first=Gerard |date=19 October 2004 |title=Mock Christians at your peril, lefties |work=] |url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/10/18/1097951626689.html?from=storylhs&oneclick=true |access-date=27 June 2006}}</ref> although ], the then ] (from the ]), did attend the 2005 conference.{{fact|date=June 2020}}
===Intermediate incidents===
Following the murder of Tuomi, Dahmer began to actively seek victims, most of whom he encountered in or close to gay bars, and whom he typically lured to his grandmother's home. There, he drugged them before or shortly after engaging in sexual activity with them. Once he had rendered the victim unconscious with sleeping pills, he killed them by strangulation.{{sfn|Roy|2002|p=103}}


Liberal MP for Mitchell, ], and two ] senate candidates, Joan Woods and Ivan Herald, who failed to win senate seats, were featured in a Hillsong circular during the election, with members being asked to pray for them.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Price |first1=Sarah |last2=Benns |first2=Matthew |date=7 November 2004 |title=Hillsong's true believers |work=] |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/National/Hillsongs-true-believers/2004/11/06/1099547435083.html |access-date=7 November 2008}}</ref>
Two months after the Tuomi killing, Dahmer encountered a 14-year-old ] ] named James Doxtator; Dahmer lured the youth to his home with an offer of $50 to pose for nude pictures. At Dahmer's West Allis residence, the pair engaged in sexual activity before Dahmer drugged Doxtator and strangled him on the floor of the cellar.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=119}} Dahmer left the body in the cellar for one week before dismembering it in much the same manner as he had with Tuomi. He placed all of Doxtator's remains (excluding the skull) in the trash. He boiled the skull, and initially retained it before pulverizing it.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=151}}


Hillsong's high-profile involvement with political leaders<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 July 2005 |title=Politics goes to church at Hillsong |work=] |url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2005/07/04/1120329387287.html |access-date=29 October 2008}}</ref> has been questioned in the media, and publicly, the church has distanced itself from advocating certain political groups and parties, including the fledgling Family First party.<ref>{{Cite news |title=God and politics mix at Hillsong |publisher=The 7:30 Report |url=http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2004/s1154131.htm |access-date=29 October 2008}}</ref> Brian Houston has replied to these criticisms by stating, "I think people need to understand the difference between the church being very involved in politics and individual Christians being involved in politics."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morris |first=Linda |date=4 May 2005 |title=Church expands horizons |work=] |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/National/Church-expands-horizons/2005/05/03/1115092503070.html |access-date=29 October 2008}}</ref>
On March 24, 1988, Dahmer met a 22-year-old ] man named Richard Guerrero outside a gay bar called The Phoenix.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=151}} Dahmer lured Guerrero to his grandmother's residence, although the incentive on this occasion was $50 to simply spend the remainder of the night with him;{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=121}} he then drugged Guerrero with sleeping pills and strangled him with a leather strap, with Dahmer then performing ] upon the corpse.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=121}} Guerrero's body was dismembered within 24&nbsp;hours of his murder, with the remains again disposed of in the trash and the skull again retained before being pulverized several months later.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=129}}


In 2008, it was claimed by a Sydney inner city publication, ''Central Magazine'', that Hillsong had donated ]600 to a ], ] (]), for the tickets of a fundraising dinner, featuring the New South Wales' Planning Minister, ] (ALP), as a guest speaker one month before the 2007 state election,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Hillsong Denies Donation |publisher=REDWatch |url=http://www.redwatch.org.au/media/080312cena?searchterm=hillsong+keneally |access-date=29 October 2008}}</ref> despite Hillsong's own statement of corporate governance declaring that 'Hillsong Church does not make financial contributions to or align itself with any political party or candidate'.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hillsong statement on corporate governance |url=http://www2.hillsong.com/church/default.asp?pid=16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060128111148/http://www2.hillsong.com/church/default.asp?pid=16 |archive-date=28 January 2006 |access-date=9 February 2012 |publisher=.hillsong.com}}</ref> A Hillsong staff member, Maria Ieroianni, claimed that no donation had been made and that the dinner was not a fundraiser. Hillsong also issued a statement on their website denying that the money was a donation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Claims by Central Magazine - 12 March 2008 |url=http://www2.hillsong.com/church/default.asp?pid=2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901200145/http://www2.hillsong.com/church/default.asp?pid=2001 |archive-date=1 September 2008 |access-date=9 February 2012 |publisher=.hillsong.com}}</ref> According to the ''Central Magazine'' article, Keneally has described the dinner as a fundraiser and the money from Hillsong as a donation. The article also claims that these descriptions are confirmed by the records of the ].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Hillsong Denies Donation |publisher=The 7:30 Report |url=http://www.redwatch.org.au/media/080312cena?searchterm=hillsong+keneally |access-date=29 October 2008}}</ref>
On April 23, Dahmer lured another young man to his house; however, after giving the victim a drugged coffee, both he and the victim heard Dahmer's grandmother call, "Is that you, Jeff?"{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=166}} Although Dahmer replied in a manner that led his grandmother to believe he was alone, she did observe that Dahmer was not alone. Because of this, Dahmer opted not to kill this particular victim, instead waiting until he had become unconscious before taking him to the County General Hospital.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=19920208&id=4OgzAAAAIBAJ&pg=3993,4435325 |title=Teen Describes Escape from Dahmer |work=]|location=Lodi, California|agency=] |date=February 8, 1992 |access-date=December 5, 2013}}</ref>


== Controversy ==
In September 1988, Dahmer's grandmother asked him to move out because of his habit of bringing young men to her house late at night and the foul smells emanating from both the basement and the garage. Dahmer found a one-bedroom apartment on North 25th Street and moved into his new residence on September 25.{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|p=132}} The following day, he was arrested for drugging and ] a 13-year-old boy whom he had lured to his home on the pretext of posing nude for photographs.{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|pp=133–135}} In January 1989, Dahmer was convicted of second-degree ] and of enticing a child for immoral purposes.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=171}} Sentencing for the assault was suspended until May 1989.{{sfn|Dvorchak|Holewa|1992|p=63}} On March 20,{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=134}} Dahmer commenced a 10-day Easter absence from work, during which he moved back into his grandmother's home.
Hillsong has been criticised at various times. Concerns have been expressed by politicians,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hillsong Emerge National Community Crime Prevention Funding |url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/PARLMENT/hansArt.nsf/V3Key/LC20051108058 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223235202/http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/PARLMENT/hansArt.nsf/V3Key/LC20051108058 |archive-date=23 February 2009 |access-date=29 October 2008 |publisher=Parliament of New South Wales}}</ref> media,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sexton |first=Jennifer |date=29 April 2006 |title=The High Cost of Faith |work=] |publisher=] |url=http://hillsongchurch.wordpress.com/2008/02/19/the-high-cost-of-faith/ |url-status=live |access-date=30 March 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120711222629/http://hillsongchurch.wordpress.com/2008/02/19/the-high-cost-of-faith/ |archive-date=11 July 2012}}</ref>{{cbignore|bot=InternetArchiveBot}} community groups,<ref>{{Cite news |title=No faith in charity |publisher=KooriWeb |url=http://www.kooriweb.org/foley/news/aust19nov05b.html |url-status=dead |access-date=29 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203114056/http://www.kooriweb.org/foley/news/aust19nov05b.html |archive-date=3 December 2008}}</ref> Christian leaders<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 November 2004 |title=True Believers |work=The Australian |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/National/Hillsongs-true-believers/2004/11/06/1099547435083.html |access-date=29 October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Funaro |first=Vincent |title=R. Albert Mohler Jr. Calls Hillsong a Prosperity Movement that Waters Down the Gospel |url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/r-albert-mohler-jr-calls-hillsong-a-prosperity-movement-that-waters-down-the-gospel-126183/ |access-date=22 May 2015 |website=The Christian Post}}</ref> and former members.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 August 2007 |title=Hillsong success no miracle |work=The Australian |url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,22114749-25132,00.html |url-status=dead |access-date=29 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226041026/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,22114749-25132,00.html |archive-date=26 December 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 August 2007 |title=Hillsong - the church with no answers |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2007/08/03/1185648145760.html |access-date=29 October 2008}}</ref> Criticisms have covered Hillsong's use of finances, its ties to controversial organisations, its treatment of critics and its alleged involvement in vote stacking of the '']'' TV show.


=== Criticism of finances ===
Two months after his conviction and two months prior to his sentencing for the sexual assault, Dahmer murdered his fifth victim. He was a ] 24-year-old aspiring model named Anthony Sears, whom Dahmer met at a gay bar on March 25, 1989. According to Dahmer, on this particular occasion, he was not looking to commit a crime; however, shortly before ] that evening, Sears "just started talking to me". Dahmer lured Sears to his grandmother's home, where the pair engaged in oral sex before Dahmer drugged and strangled Sears.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=136}}


Pushes for a charity commission in Australia have stemmed from claims that religious organisations like Hillsong avoid taxes by paying their staff in tax-exempt fringe benefits.<ref name="shand2010">{{Cite news |last=Shand |first=Adam |date=25 July 2010 |title=Tax office push for charity monitoring |work=SUNDAY HERALD SUN |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/money/money-matters/tax-office-push-for-charity-monitoring/story-fn312ws8-1225896551630 |access-date=2 November 2013}}</ref> In 2010, '']'' reported that the Houston family was enjoying a lavish lifestyle, almost entirely tax-free, including vehicles and expense accounts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shand |first=Adam |date=24 July 2010 |title=Taxpayers support lavish Hillsong lifestyle |work=] |url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/taxpayers-support-lavish-hillsong-lifestyle/news-story/25af3a860c70628c874389e90d33917b |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref>
The following morning, Dahmer placed the corpse in his grandmother's bathtub, where he decapitated the body before attempting to ] the corpse.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=136}} He then stripped the flesh from the body and pulverized the bones, which were again disposed of in the trash. According to Dahmer, he found Sears "exceptionally attractive", and Sears was the first victim from whom he permanently retained any body parts: he preserved Sears' head and genitalia in ]<ref name="Bardsley-8"/> and stored them in his work locker. When he moved to a new address the following year, he took the remains there.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=197}}
Criticisms have been levelled at Hillsong in regard to its finances, especially its use of government grants when it reportedly made $40&nbsp;million in 2004<ref name="ferguson">{{Cite news |last=Ferguson |first=Adele |date=26 May 2005 |title=Pentecostal Churches Are Not Waiting to Inherit the Earth, They Are Taking it Now, Tax-Free |work=] |url=http://www.trinityfi.org/Press/GodsMillionaires.html |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://archive.today/20060515200813/http://www.trinityfi.org/Press/GodsMillionaires.html |archive-date=15 May 2006}}</ref>{{cbignore|bot=InternetArchiveBot}} and $50&nbsp;million in 2010.<ref name="shand2010" /> It was alleged that Hillsong had paid staff members with money given as a government ] for the assistance of the Riverstone Aboriginal community.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Higgins |first=Ean |date=19 November 2005 |title=No faith in charity |work=The Australian |quote=In Hillsong Emerge's budget for the successful grant, $103,584 would go to the project co-ordinator's salary, $20,715 to the project co-ordinator's 'on-costs,' $46,800 to 'contract management, supervision and support,' $31,200 to 'administration, reception, book-keeping,' $8000 to 'evaluation,' and $7800 to 'IT-communications.' That accounts for more than half the grant, and the largest single allocation for actual activities is for 'sporting-recreational events at $18,000.}}</ref> However, letters of apology from both the Riverstone Aboriginal Community and from the minister of justice and customs, were later published on the Hillsong website.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RACA Letter of Apology & Minister of Justice and Customs Letter |url=https://hillsong.com/media-release-archive/ |publisher=.hillsong.com}}</ref>


=== Sexual abuse committed by founder's father ===
On May 23, 1989,{{sfn|Dvorchak|Holewa|1992|p=63}} Dahmer was sentenced to five years' probation and one year in the House of Correction, with ] permitted in order that he be able to keep his job; he was also required to register as a sex offender.{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|p=138}}
{{main|Frank Houston}}
], the father of Hillsong Church founder ], was a pastor in New Zealand and Australia who abused as many as nine boys over the course of his ministry.<ref name="pursues">{{Cite news |last=Zhou |first=Naaman |date=19 November 2018 |title=Sexual abuse victim pursues Hillsong's Brian Houston over crimes of his father |work=] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/19/sex-abuse-victim-pursues-hillsongs-brian-houston-over-crimes-of-his-father |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref> In the 1960s and '70s, one victim was routinely subjected to sexual abuse from the age of 7 to 12.<ref name="9news">{{Cite news |last=Hayes |first=Liz |date=19 November 2018 |title=60 Minutes: Victim of Hillsong Church founder's pedophile father says childhood was destroyed by sexual abuse |work=] |url=https://www.9news.com.au/2018/11/19/07/18/sexual-abuse-survivor-describes-his-ordeal-at-hands-of-pedophile-pastor |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref><ref name=box /><ref name=60minutes /> In 1999, his mother reported the abuse to the Assemblies of God denomination. Although Brian Houston, then National President of the Assemblies of God denomination in Australia, was legally obligated to report the crime, he did not do so.<ref name=60minutes />{{rp|6:30}} Brian Houston felt it was a reasonable excuse not to report the crime when the victim is an adult when the crime comes to light, and the victim does not want the crime reported.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hillsong founder Brian Houston refused to answer questions over father's child abuse, police told MPs - Preda Foundation, Inc. |url=https://www.preda.org/2019/hillsong-founder-brian-houston-refused-to-answer-questions-over-fathers-child-abuse-police-told-mps/#:~:text=October%2030%2C%202019-,Hillsong%20founder%20Brian%20Houston%20refused%20to%20answer%20questions,child%20abuse%2C%20police%20told%20MPs&text=death%20in%202004.-,Brian%20Houston%20has%20defended%20not%20reporting%20his%20father's%20confession%20to,to%20go%20to%20the%20authorities. |website=Preda Foundation, Inc. |language=en | quote=Brian Houston has defended not reporting his father's confession to police, stating he had a "reasonable excuse" because he said Sengstock had said he did not want to go to the authorities. He also said that because Sengstock was an adult when the abuse was first reported, it was his prerogative to report it. Sengstock has denied telling Houston not to go to the police. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sexual abuse victim of Hillsong founder's father blasts PM for supporting Brian Houston |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/28/sexual-abuse-victim-of-hillsong-founders-father-blasts-pm-for-supporting-brian-houston |website=the Guardian |language=en |date=28 October 2019 | quote=In an interview with 2GB host Ben Fordham on Thursday, Brian Houston said Sengstock told Houston he did not want the police informed, at the time the church leader found out about his father's abuse. "He told me that he didn't want the police involved," Houston said. "And the reality is that the law itself actually spells out that very circumstance – that if an adult victim doesn't want the police involved, that's a reasonable excuse for not including the police." Speaking to the New Daily later on Thursday, Sengstock denied he had said that.}}</ref> The victim later testified to the ] that Frank Houston offered him AU$10,000 as compensation at a McDonald's in the presence of ].<ref name="censure">{{Cite news |last=Browne |first=Rachel |date=23 November 2015 |title=Royal Commission sex abuse inquiry censures Hillsong head Brian Houston |work=] |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/royal-commission-sex-abuse-inquiry-censures-hillsong-head-brian-houston-20151123-gl5esn.html |access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=McClellan |first=Ben |date=13 October 2014 |title=Hillsong leader Brian Houston breaks silence on paedophile father: 'It was wrong not to report him' |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/hillsong-leader-brian-houston-breaks-silence-on-paedophile-father-it-was-wrong-not-to-report-him/news-story/6530b4352962bc835e8fb2f906d657cf |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref> During an internal church investigation, Frank Houston eventually confessed to the crime.<ref name="Royal Commission">{{Cite report |url=http://childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/downloadfile.ashx?guid=e61d7a26-4426-4c6b-81eb-afe03dd000f1&type=transcriptpdf&filename=Case-Study-18:-Submissions-of-Counsel-Assisting-the-Royal-Commission&fileextension=pdf |title=Submissions of Counsel Assisting The Royal Commission |date=7 October 2014 |quote=Pastor Brian Houston said that his father spoke to him over a number of years about assuming the position of Senior Pastor at Sydney Christian Life Centre. In May 1999, Frank Houston suddenly retired from the position of Senior Pastor at Sydney Christian Life Centre and asked Pastor Brian Houston to take over his position. Pastor Brian Houston was the only nominee for Senior Pastor put to the Board of Sydney Christian Life Centre for approval. From May 1999 Pastor Brian Houston was the Senior Pastor of both churches for a period of 18 months. In that year the two churches merged and in 2001 were renamed Hillsong Church. Today Hillsong Church is an affiliate of the Australian Christian Churches, successor of the Assemblies of God. |work=The Response of Australian Christian Churches and Affiliated Pentecostal Churches to Allegations of Child Sexual Abuse Case Study 18}}</ref> The commission also heard that he was involved in the sexual abuse of other children in New Zealand.<ref name="chettle">{{Cite news |last=Chettle |first=Nicole |date=7 October 2014 |title=Hillsong church head Brian Houston accused alleged child abuse victim of 'tempting' father, inquiry told |publisher=ABC News |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-10-07/royal-commission-child-sexual-abuse-investigates-hillsong/5795308 |quote=AHA said he saw a television address by Brian Houston, who was now the senior Pastor of the church, around the year 2000 when he told the congregation that his father had been involved in a minor indiscretion in New Zealand 30 years ago. He said he was appalled that Brian Houston did not reveal the extent of allegations against his father, including his case. "He avoided using the term paedophilia", AHA said. "I thought it was corrupt that he had used the phrase 'involved in a minor indiscretion'. "As far as I was aware Pastor Frank was still preaching at this time and was also doing seminars."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Davidson |first=Helen |date=23 November 2015 |title=Hillsong's Brian Houston failed to report abuse and had conflict of interest – royal commission |work=] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/nov/23/hillsongs-brian-houston-failed-to-report-abuse-and-had-conflict-of-interest-royal-commission |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref> Frank Houston resigned from his church in 2000, which now lacking a pastor, was merged into Hillsong Church.<ref name="box">{{Cite news |last=Box |first=Dan |date=9 October 2014 |title=Father of Hillsong founder given 'retirement package' after child abuse |work=The Australian |publisher=News Corp Australia |url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/in-depth/royal-commission/father-of-hillsong-founder-given-retirement-package-after-child-abuse/news-story/ee980a698634cb3dcd224684fe51331b |quote=Frank Houston's resignation letter to the City Hillsong Church in November 2000 makes no mention of the allegations. "I hereby wish to tender my resignation ... as I feel it is time for (his wife) Hazel and I to enter retirement", says the letter.}}</ref><ref name=chettle /><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2014 |title=Church failed to follow procedure for sex abuse allegations, royal commission hears |url=http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/church-failed-to-follow-procedure-for-sex-abuse-allegations-royal-commission-hears-20141009-113hwq.html |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |quote=Frank Houston, the founder of the Sydney Christian Life Centre, which merged with his son Brian's Hills Christian Life Centre to become Hillsong Church, wrote to churchgoers in November 2000, informing them of his resignation due to "retirement". "I hereby wish to tender my resignation from the staff and eldership of the City Hillsong Church as I feel it is time for (my wife) Hazel and I to enter retirement", he wrote. "It has been a privilege to minister in the church and to work with you all." Minutes tendered to the commission show that at a November 2000 meeting of the senior ranks of the Assemblies of God, now known as Australian Christian Churches, it was agreed that Frank Houston should be thanked for "his immeasurable contribution to the church". The provision of "financial support" for Frank Houston and his wife was discussed at the same meeting.}}</ref> A further internal investigation by Assemblies of God in Australia, in conjunction with the ], found six additional child sexual abuse allegations, which were regarded as credible.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report on trip of John Lewis and Keith Ainge to New Zealand and Sydney, 28th 29th November 2000 |url=https://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/sites/default/files/ACC.0001.001.0004_R.pdf |access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="60minutes">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4g2FgAu1NYw |title=Victim of Hillsong Church founder's father says childhood was destroyed by sexual abuse |date=19 November 2018 |access-date=27 November 2018 |work=]}}</ref>


=== Mercy Ministries ===
Two months before his scheduled release from the work camp, Dahmer was ]d from this regime. His five years' probation imposed in 1989 began at this point.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=138}} On release, Dahmer temporarily moved back to his grandmother's home in West Allis{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|pp=143–144}} before, in May 1990, moving into the Oxford Apartments, located on North 25th Street in Milwaukee. Although located in a high-crime area, the apartment was close to his workplace, was furnished and, at $300 per month inclusive of all bills excluding electricity, was economical.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=139}}
{{main|Mercy Ministries}}


Hillsong has been criticised for its involvement with ], an evangelical charity with a ] view and a conservative perspective on homosexuality.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Capone |first=Alesha |date=14 November 2007 |title=Borders passes the hat for anti-gay, pro-life charity |url=http://www.crikey.com.au/Politics/20071114-Borders-between-charity-and-Hillsong-church-thin-.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116184143/http://www.crikey.com.au/Politics/20071114-Borders-between-charity-and-Hillsong-church-thin-.html |archive-date=16 January 2009 |access-date=9 February 2012 |publisher=Crikey.com.au}}</ref> Hillsong responded by praising the work of Mercy Ministries and stating that "we are not involved in the operational aspects of the organization." The church also said: "We have heard many wonderful testimonies about how the work of Mercy has helped the lives of young women facing often debilitating and life-controlling situations. Some would even say that Mercy Ministries has saved their life."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hillsong media response 18 March 2008 |url=http://www2.hillsong.com/church/default.asp?pid=2029 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080320085434/http://www2.hillsong.com/church/default.asp?pid=2029 |archive-date=20 March 2008 |access-date=9 February 2012 |publisher=.hillsong.com}}</ref> Mercy Ministries in Australia was closed down on 31 October 2009, preceding which Hillsong had distanced itself from the organisation despite earlier funding and staffing elements of it.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 October 2009 |title=Mercy Ministries to close |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/mercy-ministries-home-to-close-20091027-hj2k.html |access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref>
===924 North 25th Street===


=== Criticism from a former member ===
====1990 killings====
On May 14, 1990, Dahmer moved out of his grandmother's house and into 924 North 25th Street, Apartment 213, taking Sears' ] head and genitals with him.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=139}}{{refn|group=n|Shortly after moving into 924 North 25th Street, Dahmer purchased granite spray-paint from an art store. Having removed all flesh from Sears' head, he used this substance to spray-paint the skull and Sears' genitals. Dahmer also retained Sears' scalp.{{sfn|Masters|1993|pp=139–140}}}} Within one week of his moving into his new apartment, Dahmer had killed his sixth victim, Raymond Smith. Smith was a 32-year-old male prostitute whom Dahmer lured to Apartment 213 with the promise of $50 for sex.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=141}} Inside the apartment, he gave Smith a drink laced with seven sleeping pills and manually strangled him.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=142}}


Hillsong's attitude towards criticism was portrayed negatively by one former member, ], in her book ''People in Glass Houses: An Insider's Story of a Life In and Out of Hillsong''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marr |first=David |date=13 April 2007 |title=Singing flat at Hillsong |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |url=http://blogs.smh.com.au/entertainment/archives/undercover/012705.html |access-date=29 October 2008}}</ref> Specific criticisms covered authoritarian church governance, lack of financial accountability, resistance to free thought, strict ] teachings and lack of compassion.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marr |first=David |date=4 August 2007 |title=Hillsong - the church with no answers |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2007/08/03/1185648145760.html |access-date=29 October 2008}}</ref> In an interview with ], Levin further discussed her experience of Hillsong, which she described as "toxic Christianity".<ref>''Enough Rope With Andrew Denton'', {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511074413/http://www.abc.net.au/tv/enoughrope/transcripts/s1992756.htm |date=11 May 2016 }}</ref>
The following day, Dahmer purchased a ] camera with which he took several pictures of Smith's body in suggestive positions before dismembering him in the bathroom. He boiled the legs, arms, and pelvis in a steel kettle with Soilex, which allowed him to then rinse the bones in his sink.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=142}} Dahmer dissolved the remainder of Smith's skeleton—excluding the skull—in a container filled with acid. He later spray-painted Smith's skull, which he placed alongside the skull of Sears upon a black towel inside a metal filing-cabinet.{{sfn|Dvorchak|Holewa|1992|p=174}}


=== Alleged vote stacking in Australian Idol ===
Approximately one week after the murder of Smith, on or about May 27, Dahmer lured another young man to his apartment. On this occasion, however, Dahmer himself accidentally consumed the drink laden with sedatives intended for consumption by his guest. When he awoke the following day, he discovered his intended victim had stolen several items of his clothing, $300, and a watch.{{sfn|Masters|1993|pp=142–143}} Dahmer never reported this incident to the police, although on May 29, he divulged to his probation officer that he had been robbed.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=143}}


In 2007 Hillsong was alleged to have been involved in vote stacking Network Ten's '']'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nethercote |first=Jane |title=Australian Idol: Where are the singing Buddhists? |url=http://www.crikey.com.au/Media-Arts-and-Sports/20071010-Australian-Idol-what-about-the-Buddhists.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024123912/http://www.crikey.com.au/Media-Arts-and-Sports/20071010-Australian-Idol-what-about-the-Buddhists.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |access-date=10 October 2007 |website=]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Montgomery |first=Garth |date=10 October 2007 |title=Idol fans angry at vote bloc |work=] |url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0,23663,22558938-10229,00.html |url-status=dead |access-date=10 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221015416/http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0%2C23663%2C22558938-10229%2C00.html |archive-date=21 February 2009}}</ref> by tabloid TV show ], a claim that ] rejected. It was revealed that none of the finalists on Australian Idol were from Hillsong, with two being members of other unrelated Pentecostal Churches<ref>'On Monday night Australian Idol issued a formal statement live on air to dismiss allegations that the finalists were members of Hillsong, as claimed by Channel 7's Today Tonight'{{Cite news |last=Montgomery |first=Garth |date=10 October 2007 |title=Idol fans angry at vote bloc |work=] |url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0,23663,22558938-10229,00.html |url-status=dead |access-date=10 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221015416/http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0%2C23663%2C22558938-10229%2C00.html |archive-date=21 February 2009}}</ref> However, a Pastor from a different church indicated that some level of co-ordinated support of his church members on ''Australian Idol'' has taken place.<ref>'Today Tonight's been in there right from the beginning with the tough questions. They spoke to two former Hillsong members, "fallen angels in confession mode", about the church's tactics recently; how AOG pastors strongly urged members to watch Idol and vote for church-sanctioned contestants.'{{Cite web |last=Nethercote |first=Jane |title=Australian Idol: Where are the singing Buddhists? |url=http://www.crikey.com.au/Media-Arts-and-Sports/20071010-Australian-Idol-what-about-the-Buddhists.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024123912/http://www.crikey.com.au/Media-Arts-and-Sports/20071010-Australian-Idol-what-about-the-Buddhists.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |access-date=10 October 2007 |website=]}}</ref><ref>'Shirelive pastor Michael Murphy said he had been "unashamedly supporting Matt Corby and Tarisai Vushe as church family".'{{Cite news |last=Montgomery |first=Garth |date=10 October 2007 |title=Idol fans angry at vote bloc |work=] |url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0,23663,22558938-10229,00.html |url-status=dead |access-date=10 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221015416/http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0%2C23663%2C22558938-10229%2C00.html |archive-date=21 February 2009}}</ref>
In June 1990, Dahmer lured a 27-year-old acquaintance named Edward Smith to his apartment. He drugged and strangled Smith. On this occasion, rather than immediately acidifying the skeleton or repeating previous processes of bleaching (which had rendered previous victims' skulls brittle), Dahmer placed Smith's skeleton in his freezer for several months in the hope it would not retain moisture. Freezing the skeleton did not remove moisture, and the skeleton of this victim would be acidified several months later. Dahmer accidentally destroyed the skull when he placed it in the oven to dry—a process that caused the skull to explode. Dahmer himself was to later inform police he had felt "rotten" about Smith's murder as he had been unable to retain any parts of his body.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=146}}


=== Michael Guglielmucci cancer scandal ===
{{quote box
{{main|This Is Our God}}
| quote = It was my way of remembering their appearance, their physical beauty. I also wanted to keep ... if I couldn't keep them there with me whole, I at least could keep their skeletons.
On 20 August 2008, Michael Guglielmucci, a then pastor of ] composed "Healer", a song about his experience of cancer. He was invited by Hillsong to add his song to the album '']''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hillsong Pastor Michael Guglielmucci on Today Tonight - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HcswYwQczPc |website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Later, he confessed that he had lied about having cancer. Hillsong leadership told the press they were unaware of this situation and that the suspended pastor was seeking professional help. The ] promised that all money donated by listeners inspired by the song would either be returned or donated to charity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lawrence |first=Elissa |date=24 August 2008 |title=Fake illness preacher Michael Guglielmucci told to go to police |publisher=] |url=http://www.news.com.au/national/fraud-pastor-a-porn-addict-says-shocked-dad/story-e6frfkx9-1111117284239 |access-date=24 August 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=21 August 2008 |title=Pop star pastor lied about cancer |work=] |url=http://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=618463 |url-status=dead |access-date=21 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822132241/http://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=618463 |archive-date=22 August 2008}}</ref> The track "Healer" has since then been removed from the track listing in future releases of the album.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hillsong.com/music/product.php?xProd=4603|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407094047/http://www.hillsong.com/music/product.php?xProd=4603|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 April 2008|title=Hillsong Music Australia - This Is Our God - CD /DVD - Pre Order Now and receive free shipping! Released July 2008|date=7 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Resource |first1=Youth Work |title=Hillsong – Healer |url=https://www.youthworkresource.com/hillsong-healer/ |website=Youth Work Resource |date=21 November 2008}}</ref>
| source = Jeffrey Dahmer, recollecting his motivations for both photographing his victims, and retaining sections of their skeletal structure. February 1993.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dahmer Offers No Excuses |date=February 8, 1993 |url=https://journaltimes.com/news/national/dahmer-offers-no-excuses/article_f49dcffb-6964-53c5-b025-372229a0994b.html |newspaper=The Journal Times |access-date=February 25, 2018}}</ref>
| width = 35em
}}


=== Stance on homosexuality and same-sex marriage ===
Less than three months after the murder of Smith, Dahmer encountered a 22-year-old ] native named Ernest Miller on the corner of North 27th Street. Miller agreed to accompany Dahmer to his apartment for $50 and further agreed to allow him to listen to his heart and stomach. When Dahmer attempted to perform oral sex upon Miller, he was informed, "That'll cost you extra,"{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=153}} whereupon Dahmer gave his intended victim a drink laced with two sleeping pills.


In 2014, Brian Houston discussed being more understanding of gay people. Later, he clarified his position after being criticised by some Christians for allegedly supporting homosexuality. In a statement released on Hillsong's website, he stated: "Nowhere in my answer did I diminish biblical truth or suggest that I or Hillsong Church supported gay marriage."<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 August 2013 |title=Hillsong megachurch pastor says church should be more understanding of gays |publisher=] |url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/hillsong-megachurch-pastor-says-church-should-be-more-understanding-gays270813 |access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2014 |title=Megachurch Pastor Signals Shift in Tone on Gay Marriage |work=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/18/us/megachurch-pastor-signals-shift-in-tone-on-gay-marriage.html |url-status=unfit |access-date=20 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219065351/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/18/us/megachurch-pastor-signals-shift-in-tone-on-gay-marriage.html |archive-date=19 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=20 October 2014 |title=Hillsong pastor Brian Houston denies gay marriage support |url=http://www.northernstar.com.au/news/hillsong-pastor-brian-houston-gay-marriage/2424824/ |access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="Statement from Brian Houston">{{Cite web |date=October 2014 |title=Re: recent media comments on homosexuality |url=https://hillsong.com/media-releases/statement-from-brian-houston-re-recent-media-comments-on-homosexuality/ |access-date=29 October 2018 |publisher=Hillsong.com}}</ref>
On this occasion, Dahmer had only two sleeping pills to give his victim. Therefore, he killed Miller by slashing his ] with the same knife he used to dissect his victims' bodies. Miller bled to death within minutes.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=154}} Dahmer then posed the nude body for various suggestive Polaroid photographs before placing the body in his bathtub for dismemberment. Dahmer repeatedly kissed and talked to the severed head while he dismembered the remainder of the body.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=154}}


=== Mark Driscoll appearance ===
Dahmer wrapped Miller's heart, biceps, and portions of flesh from the legs in plastic bags and placed them in the fridge for later consumption.{{sfn|Norris|1992|pp=154–155}} He boiled the remaining flesh and organs into a "jelly-like substance" using Soilex, which again enabled him to rinse the flesh off the skeleton, which he intended to retain. To preserve the skeleton, Dahmer placed the bones in a light bleach solution for 24&nbsp;hours before allowing them to dry upon a cloth for one week; the severed head was initially placed in the refrigerator before also being stripped of flesh, then painted and coated with enamel.{{sfn|Masters|1993|pp=154–155}}


American preacher ] had been invited to attend the Hillsong Church 2015 annual conference. When it was revealed that Driscoll had made offensive comments about women, Brian Houston announced that Driscoll would no longer attend the conference.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McKenny |first=Leesha |date=7 June 2015 |title=Hillsong Church cancels pastor Mark Driscoll's Australian visit after backlash |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |url=http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/hillsong-church-cancels-pastor-mark-driscolls-australian-visit-after-backlash-20150607-ghijl9.html |access-date=1 July 2015}}</ref> A pre-recorded interview with Driscoll was played during the conference.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 July 2015 |title=Hillsong Church gives platform for 'penis house' preacher Mark Driscol |publisher=news.com.au |url=http://www.news.com.au/national/nsw-act/hillsong-church-gives-platform-for-penis-house-preacher-mark-driscol/story-fnii5s3x-1227423319523}}</ref>
Three weeks after the murder of Miller, on September 24, Dahmer encountered a 22-year-old man named David Thomas at the ] and persuaded him to return to his apartment for a few drinks, with additional money on offer if he would pose for photographs. In his statement to police after his arrest, Dahmer stated that, after giving Thomas a drink laden with sedatives, he did not feel attracted to him, but was afraid to allow him to awake in case he would be angry over having been drugged. Therefore, he strangled him and dismembered the body—intentionally retaining no body parts whatsoever. He photographed the dismemberment process and retained these photographs, which later aided in Thomas's subsequent identification.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=217}}


=== Carl Lentz rise and fall ===
Following the murder of Thomas, Dahmer did not kill anyone for almost five months, although on a minimum of five occasions between October 1990 and February 1991, he unsuccessfully attempted to lure men to his apartment.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=153}} He is also known to have regularly complained of feelings of both anxiety and ] to his probation officer throughout 1990; with frequent references to his sexuality, his solitary lifestyle, and financial difficulties. On several occasions, Dahmer is also known to have referred to harboring ].{{sfn|Norris|1992|pp=209–211}}
{{main|Carl Lentz}}


Hillsong pastor ] helped to lead Hillsong's first church in the United States, in New York. He befriended ], and developed a celebrity following.<ref name="nyt-2020-12-05">{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=Ruth |date=5 December 2020 |title=The Rise and Fall of Carl Lentz, the Celebrity Pastor of Hillsong Church |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/05/us/carl-lentz-hillsong-pastor.html |access-date=13 December 2020 |via=NYTimes.com}}</ref>
====1991 killings====
In February 1991, Dahmer observed a 17-year-old named Curtis Straughter standing at a bus stop near ]. According to Dahmer, he lured Straughter into his apartment with an offer of money for posing for nude photos,{{sfn|Norris|1992|pp=220–221}} with the added incentive of sexual intercourse. Dahmer drugged and strangled Straughter with a leather strap, then dismembered him, with Dahmer retaining the youth's skull, hands, and genitals and photographing each stage of the dismemberment process.


Hillsong expanded on the East Coast under Lentz, but some members felt that it became unduly focused on fashion, and on servicing the desires of its pastors and its famous patrons.<ref name="nyt-2020-12-05" /> Church volunteers were allegedly expected to work long hours, and were reportedly treated as second-class citizens and ].<ref name="nyt-2020-12-05" /><ref name="vf">{{Cite web |last=McHugh |first=Rich |title="He Is a Victim of His Own Church": Carl Lentz, Ranin Karim, and Hillsong's Unfurling Scandal |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2020/11/carl-lentz-ranin-karim-hillsong-church |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Vanity Fair}}</ref> Around 2017, two Hillsong volunteers who attempted to convey their concerns about Mr Lentz to Hillsong leadership were allegedly intercepted and dismissed.<ref name="nyt-2020-12-05" />
Less than two months later, on April 7, Dahmer encountered a 19-year-old named Errol Lindsey<ref name="Bardsley-10"/>{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|p=211}} walking to get a key cut. Lindsey was heterosexual. Dahmer lured Lindsey to his apartment, where he drugged him, drilled a hole in his skull and poured ] into it. According to Dahmer, Lindsey awoke after this experiment (which Dahmer had conceived in the hope of inducing a permanent, unresistant, submissive state), saying: "I have a headache. What time is it?"{{sfn|Aggrawal|2016|p=128}}<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Killers |title=Dahmer: How He was Killed |issue=6 |page=40}}</ref> In response to this, Dahmer again drugged Lindsey, then strangled him. He decapitated Lindsey and retained his skull; he then flayed Lindsey's body, placing the skin in a solution of cold water and salt for several weeks in the hope of permanently retaining it. Reluctantly, he disposed of Lindsey's skin when he noted it had become too frayed and brittle.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=158}}


In 2020, Hillsong fired Lentz after finding that Lentz had engaged in "more than one extra-marital affair" and was currently involved in one.<ref name="nyt-2020-12-05" /> Lentz's lover stated that Hillsong is not "genuine. That's the truth. It's a money machine ... and I think it's wrong ... I think is a victim of his own church. He gave his life to this church, and that's how they played him."<ref name="vf" />
By 1991, fellow residents of the Oxford Apartments had repeatedly complained to the building's manager, Sopa Princewill, of the foul smells emanating from Apartment 213, in addition to the sounds of falling objects and the occasional sound of a chainsaw.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Alex|last=Prud'Homme|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,973550-1,00.html |title=The Little Flat of Horrors|magazine=]|publisher=]|location=New York City|date=August 5, 1991 |access-date=August 19, 2012}}</ref> Princewill did contact Dahmer in response to these complaints on several occasions, although he initially excused the odors emanating from his apartment as being caused by his freezer breaking, causing the contents to become "spoiled". On later occasions, he informed Princewill that the reason for the resurgence of the odor was that several of his tropical fish had recently died, and that he would take care of the matter.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=162}}


Since Lentz was fired, several former members of the church have come forward to accuse the church of being a cult, claiming that the leaders abuse employees and volunteers by treating them as "slave labour", and interfering with their personal lives, such as requiring them to "ask a pastor's permission to date."<ref>{{cite web |title='It's a cult': Ex-Hillsong members claim church demanded 'slave labor' |date=23 Dec 2020 |website=New York Post |author=Hannah Frishberg |url=https://nypost.com/2020/12/23/ex-hillsong-members-claim-church-is-cult-with-slave-labor/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hillsong Church Faces New Allegations of Abusive Behavior |date=24 Dec 2020 |website=Vanity Fair |author=Dan Adler |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2020/12/hillsong-church-new-abusive-behavior-allegations}}</ref> In November 2020, following testimony from Hillsong volunteers, Hillsong announced an independent investigation into concerns about the New York branch.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hillsong founder Brian Houston announces investigation after NYC pastor Carl Lentz's firing |url=https://religionnews.com/2020/11/12/brian-houston-announces-independent-investigation-into-hillsong-nyc-after-firing-of-carl-lentz/ |website=Religion News Service |access-date=15 December 2020 |date=12 November 2020}}</ref>
On the afternoon of May 26, 1991, Dahmer encountered a 14-year-old ] teenager named Konerak Sinthasomphone on Wisconsin Avenue. By coincidence, Sinthasomphone was the younger brother of the boy whom Dahmer had ] in 1988.<ref name="seattletimes 911 Tapes">{{cite news |url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19910802&slug=1297813 |title=Could Police Have Saved Young Victim? 911 Tapes Show Officers Were In Dahmer's Place, Left Teen To Fate|first=Rogers |last=Worthington |work=The Seattle Times |date=2 August 1991}}</ref> He approached the youth with an offer of money to accompany him to his apartment to pose for Polaroid pictures. According to Dahmer, Sinthasomphone was initially reluctant to the proposal, before changing his mind and accompanying Dahmer to his apartment, where the youth posed for two pictures in his underwear before Dahmer drugged him into unconsciousness and performed oral sex on him.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=176}}

On this occasion, Dahmer drilled a single hole into Sinthasomphone's skull, through which he injected hydrochloric acid into the ].{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=176}} Before Sinthasomphone fell unconscious, Dahmer led the boy into his bedroom, where the body of 31-year-old Tony Hughes, whom Dahmer had killed three days earlier, lay naked on the floor.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=235}} According to Dahmer, he "believed saw this body", yet did not react to seeing the bloated corpse—likely because of the effects of the sleeping pills he had ingested and the hydrochloric acid Dahmer had injected through his skull. Sinthasomphone soon became unconscious, whereupon Dahmer drank several beers while lying alongside him before leaving his apartment to drink at a bar, then purchase more alcohol.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=177}}

In the early morning hours of May 27, Dahmer returned toward his apartment to discover Sinthasomphone sitting naked on the corner of 25th and State, talking in ], with three distressed young women standing near him.<ref>{{cite news |last=Imrie |first=Robert |title=Family's Two Encounters With Dahmer End in Grief|url=https://apnews.com/article/cf8be6b534d97ca9b62e10dd72141b15 |publisher=Associated Press |date=July 27, 1991}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Stephenson |first=Crocker |title=2 Women Say Police Failed to Aid 14-year-old |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=oLUyAAAAIBAJ&pg=3124,5920894 |work=Milwaukee Sentinel |date=July 26, 1991 |access-date=December 5, 2013}}</ref> Dahmer approached the women and told them that Sinthasomphone (whom he referred to by the ] John Hmong)<ref>{{cite news |last=Worthington |first=Rogers |title=After Dahmer: Police Try To Learn |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1992-12-13-9204230642-story.html |work=] |location=Chicago |date=December 13, 1992}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Dahmer Incident Report Reveals Contradictions |url=https://journaltimes.com/news/national/dahmer-incident-report-reveals-contradictions/article_0a234184-65a7-5a63-89d6-4d7caedbf1a5.html |work=Journal Times |date=August 31, 1991 |access-date=April 4, 2020}}</ref> was his friend, and attempted to lead him to his apartment by the arm. The three women dissuaded Dahmer, explaining they had phoned ].{{sfn|Davis|1991|p=7}}

Upon the arrival of three Milwaukee police officers, ], Joseph Gabrish and Richard Porubcan,<ref>{{cite news |first=Edward |last=Walsh |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/08/30/officers-in-dahmer-case-are-cleared/df515671-4147-48cb-b4d4-d82f6dfbeca3/ |title=Officers in Dahmer Case Are Cleared |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=August 30, 1991}}</ref> Dahmer's demeanor relaxed: he told the officers that Sinthasomphone was his 19-year-old boyfriend, that he had drunk too much following a quarrel,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/26/us/officer-defends-giving-boy-back-to-dahmer.html |title=Officer Defends Giving Boy Back to Dahmer |newspaper=] |publisher=New York Times Company|location=New York City|date=August 26, 1991|access-date=December 14, 2017}}</ref> and that he frequently behaved in this manner when ]. The three women were exasperated, and when one of the trio attempted to indicate to one of the officers that Sinthasomphone was bleeding from his rectum and that he had seemingly struggled against Dahmer's attempts to walk him to his apartment, the officer harshly informed her to "butt out",<ref name="nytimes Queried Suspect">{{cite news|first=James|last=Barron |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/27/us/milwaukee-police-once-queried-suspect.html |title=Milwaukee Police Once Queried Suspect |work=] |publisher=New York Times Company|location=New York City|date=July 27, 1991 |access-date=December 5, 2013}}</ref> "shut the hell up" and to not interfere.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=179}}<ref>{{cite news|first=Anne E.|last=Schwartz|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4DcdAAAAIBAJ&pg=6723,3131596|title=Suspended Officers Say the Public Doesn't Know the Whole Story |work=The Milwaukee Journal |publisher=]|location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin|date=July 28, 1991 |access-date=December 5, 2013}}</ref>

Against the protests of the three women, the three officers simply covered Sinthasomphone with a towel and walked him to Dahmer's apartment where,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/article/0ba6b2561e42e490b10d65dab53f370e|title=Judge Dismisses Key Claim in Lawsuit By Dahmer Victim's Family|date=November 25, 1993|publisher=Associated Press}}</ref> in an effort to verify his claim that he and Sinthasomphone were lovers, Dahmer showed the officers the two semi-nude Polaroid pictures he had taken of the youth the previous evening. Though Balcerzak said he smelled nothing unusual, Gabrish later stated he noted a strange scent reminiscent of excrement inside the apartment.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.upi.com/Archives/1992/02/11/Officer-says-he-noticed-nothing-unusual-about-Dahmer/6400697784400/ |title=Officer Says He Noticed Nothing Unusual About Dahmer|first=Jerry |last=Smith |work=United Press International |date=11 February 1992}}</ref> This odor emanated from the ] body of Hughes.<ref>{{cite news |first=Rogers |last=Worthington |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1992-02-01-9201100268-story.html |title=Dahmer Escapee Tells of Close Call |work=]|publisher=]|location=Chicago, Illinois|date=1 February 1992}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Robert|last=Imrie |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xe0eAAAAIBAJ&pg=5153,134140 |title=Officers Were in Dahmer's Apartment |agency=Associated Press|work=The Times-News |publisher=]|location=Burlington, North Carolina|date=August 2, 1991 |access-date=December 5, 2013}}</ref> Dahmer stated that to investigate this odor, one officer simply "peeked his head around the bedroom but really didn't take a good look." The officers then left, with a departing remark that Dahmer "take good care" of Sinthasomphone.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=180}} This incident was listed by the officers as a "]."<ref name="nytimes Queried Suspect"/>{{refn|group=n|Had Balcerzak and Gabrish conducted a ] pertaining to this incident, the check would have revealed Dahmer was on probation for the September 1988 sexual assault of a thirteen-year-old boy—incidentally Sinthasomphone's older brother.{{sfn|Norris|1992|pp=230-231}}}}

Upon the departure of the three officers from his apartment, Dahmer again injected hydrochloric acid into Sinthasomphone's brain. On this second occasion, the injection proved fatal. The following day, May 28, Dahmer took a day's leave from work to devote himself to the dismemberment of the bodies of Sinthasomphone and Hughes. He retained both victims' skulls.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=182}}{{refn|group=n|Having left Sinthasomphone in the company of Dahmer, the patrol unit which had responded to the women's 911 call then radioed their dispatch unit. Above evident laughter from one or more of his colleagues, one officer informed his dispatch unit: "Intoxicated, Asian, naked male was returned to his sober boyfriend{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=235}} My partner going to get ] at the station.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=235}}{{sfn|Dvorchak|Holewa|1992|p=79}}}}

On June 30, Dahmer traveled to Chicago, where he encountered a 20-year-old named Matt Turner at a bus station.{{sfn|Norris|1992|pp=252–253}} Turner accepted Dahmer's offer to travel to Milwaukee for a ]. At the apartment, Dahmer drugged, strangled and dismembered Turner and placed his head and internal organs in separate plastic bags in the freezer. Turner was not reported ]. Five days later, on July 5, Dahmer lured 23-year-old Jeremiah Weinberger from a Chicago bar to his apartment on the promise of spending the weekend with him. He drugged Weinberger and twice injected boiling water through his skull, sending him into a ] from which he died two days later.{{sfn|Masters|1993|pp=188–189}}

On July 15, Dahmer encountered 24-year-old{{sfn|Dvorchak|Holewa|1992|p=181}} Oliver Lacy at the corner of 27th and Kilbourn.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=254}} Lacy agreed to Dahmer's ruse of posing nude for photographs and accompanied him to his apartment, where the pair engaged in tentative sexual activity before Dahmer drugged Lacy. On this occasion, Dahmer intended to prolong the time he spent with Lacy while alive. After unsuccessfully attempting to render Lacy unconscious with ],{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=190}} he phoned his workplace to request a day's absence; this was granted, although the next day, he was suspended.{{sfn|Dvorchak|Holewa|1992|p=181}}

After strangling Lacy, Dahmer had sex with the corpse before dismembering him. He placed Lacy's head and heart in the refrigerator and his skeleton in the freezer.{{sfn|Dvorchak|Holewa|1992|p=181}} Four days later, on July 19, Dahmer received word that he was fired.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=194}} Upon receipt of this news, Dahmer lured 25-year-old Joseph Bradehoft to his apartment. Bradehoft was strangled and left lying on Dahmer's bed covered with a sheet for two days. On July 21, Dahmer removed these sheets to find the head covered in maggots, whereupon he decapitated the body, cleaned the head and placed it in the refrigerator.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=185}} He later acidified Bradehoft's torso along with those of two other victims killed within the previous month.{{sfn|Dvorchak|Holewa|1992|p=90}}{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=258}}

==Arrest==
===Capture===
On July 22, 1991, Dahmer approached three men with an offer of $100 to accompany him to his apartment to pose for nude photographs,{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=15}} drink beer and simply keep him company.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=192}} One of the trio, 32-year-old Tracy Edwards, agreed to accompany him to his apartment. Upon entering Dahmer's apartment, Edwards noted a foul odor and several boxes of hydrochloric acid on the floor, which Dahmer claimed to use for cleaning bricks. After some minor conversation, Edwards responded to Dahmer's request to turn his head and view his tropical fish, whereupon Dahmer placed a handcuff upon his wrist. When Edwards asked, "What's happening?" Dahmer unsuccessfully attempted to cuff his wrists together,{{sfn|Davis|1991|p=151}} then told Edwards to accompany him to the bedroom to pose for nude pictures. While inside the bedroom, Edwards noted nude male posters on the wall and that a ] of '']'' was playing;{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=192}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kL-SFva4Oko |title=The Trial of Jeffrey Dahmer – Documentary Part 12 of 16 |publisher=Youtube.com |date=February 4, 2012 |access-date=December 5, 2013}}</ref> he also noted a blue ] in the corner, from which a strong odor emanated.{{sfn|Davis|1991|p=152}}

Dahmer then brandished a knife and informed Edwards he intended to take nude pictures of him. In an attempt to appease Dahmer, Edwards unbuttoned his shirt, saying he would allow him to do so if he would remove the handcuffs and put the knife away. In response to this promise, Dahmer simply turned his attention towards the TV. Edwards observed Dahmer rocking back and forth and chanting before turning his attention back to him. He placed his head on Edwards' chest, listened to his ] and, with the knife pressed against his intended victim, informed Edwards he intended to eat his heart.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=23}}

In continuous attempts to prevent Dahmer from attacking him, Edwards repeated that he was Dahmer's friend and that he was not going to run away.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=24}} Edwards had decided he was going to either jump from a window or run through the unlocked front door upon the next available opportunity. When Edwards next stated he needed to use the bathroom, he asked if they could sit with a beer in the living room, where there was air conditioning. Dahmer consented, and the pair walked to the living room when Edwards exited the bathroom. Inside the living room, Edwards waited until he observed Dahmer have a momentary lapse of concentration before requesting to use the bathroom again.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=27}} When Edwards rose from the couch, he noted Dahmer was not holding the handcuffs, whereupon Edwards punched him in the face, knocking Dahmer off balance, and ran out the front door.{{sfn|Davis|1991|pp=153–154}}

At 11:30&nbsp;p.m. on July 22, Edwards flagged down two Milwaukee police officers, Robert Rauth and Rolf Mueller, at the corner of North 25th Street. The officers noted Edwards had a handcuff attached to his wrist,{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=2}}{{sfn|Davis|1991|p=154}} whereupon he explained to the officers that a "freak" had placed the handcuffs upon him and asked if the police could remove them. When the officers' handcuff keys failed to fit the brand of handcuffs, Edwards agreed to accompany the officers to the apartment where, Edwards stated, he had spent the previous five hours before escaping.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=2}}

When the officers and Edwards arrived at Apartment 213, Dahmer invited the trio inside and acknowledged he had indeed placed the handcuffs upon Edwards, although he offered no explanation as to why he had done so. At this point, Edwards divulged to the officers that Dahmer had also brandished a large knife upon him and that this had happened in the bedroom. Dahmer made no comment to this revelation, indicating to one of the officers, Mueller, that the key to the handcuffs was in his bedside dresser. As Mueller entered the bedroom, Dahmer attempted to pass Mueller to himself retrieve the key, whereupon the second officer present, Rauth, informed him to "back off".{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=3}}

In the bedroom, Mueller noted there was indeed a large knife beneath the bed. He also saw an open drawer which, upon closer inspection, contained scores of Polaroid pictures—many of which were of human bodies in various stages of dismemberment. Mueller noted the decor indicated they had been taken in the very apartment in which they were standing. Mueller walked into the living room to show them to his partner,<ref name="Bardsley-4"/> uttering the words, "These are for real."{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=3}}

When Dahmer saw that Mueller was holding several of his Polaroids, he fought with the officers in an effort to ]. The officers quickly overpowered him, cuffed his hands behind his back, and called a second squad car for backup. At this point, Mueller opened the refrigerator to reveal the freshly severed head of a black male on the bottom shelf.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=33}} As Dahmer lay pinned on the floor beneath Rauth, he turned his head towards the officers and muttered the words: "For what I did I should be dead."{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=4}}

A more detailed search of the apartment, conducted by the Milwaukee police's Criminal Investigation Bureau, revealed a total of four severed heads in Dahmer's kitchen. A total of seven skulls—some painted, some bleached—were found in Dahmer's bedroom and inside a closet.{{sfn|Davis|1991|p=157}} In addition, investigators discovered collected blood drippings upon a tray at the bottom of Dahmer's refrigerator, plus two human hearts{{sfn|Davis|1991|p=158}} and a portion of arm muscle, each wrapped inside plastic bags upon the shelves. In Dahmer's freezer, investigators discovered an entire torso, plus a bag of human organs and flesh stuck to the ice at the bottom.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=6}}

Elsewhere in Apartment 213, investigators discovered two entire skeletons, a pair of severed hands, two severed and preserved penises, a mummified scalp and, in the 57-gallon drum, three further dismembered torsos dissolving in the acid solution. A total of 74 Polaroid pictures detailing the dismemberment of Dahmer's victims were found.<ref name="Bardsley-5"/> In reference to the recovery of body parts and artifacts at 924 North 25th Street, the ] later stated: "It was more like dismantling someone's museum than an actual crime scene."<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.medicineatmichigan.org/magazine/2009/spring/limelight/ |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821014601/http://www.medicineatmichigan.org/magazine/2009/spring/limelight/ |archive-date=August 21, 2010 |journal=Medicine at Michigan |title=Limelight |date=Spring 2009 |volume=11 |issue=1 |access-date=July 22, 2016}}</ref>

===Confession===
Beginning in the early hours of July 23, 1991, Dahmer was questioned by Detective Patrick Kennedy as to the murders he had committed and the evidence found at his apartment. Over the following two weeks, Kennedy and, later, Detective Patrick Murphy conducted numerous interviews with Dahmer which, when combined, totalled over 60 hours.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=10}} Dahmer ] his right to have a lawyer present throughout his interrogations,{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=21}} adding he wished to confess all as he had "created this horror and it only makes sense I do everything to put an end to it."{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=11}} He readily admitted to having murdered 16 young men in Wisconsin since 1987, with one further victim—Steven Hicks—killed in Ohio back in 1978.

Most of Dahmer's victims had been rendered unconscious prior to their murder, although some had died as a result of having acid or boiling water injected into their brain. As he had no memory of the murder of Tuomi, he was unsure whether he was unconscious when beaten to death, although he did concede it was possible that his viewing the exposed chest of Tuomi while in a drunken stupor may have led him to unsuccessfully attempt to tear Tuomi's heart from his chest.{{sfn|Masters|1993|pp=109–110}} Almost all the murders Dahmer committed after moving into the Oxford Apartments had involved a ritual of posing the victims' bodies in suggestive positions—typically with the chest thrust outwards—prior to dismemberment.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=159}}

Dahmer readily admitted to engaging in necrophilia with several of his victims' bodies, including performing sexual acts with their ]{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=159}} as he dismembered their bodies in his bathtub. Having noted that much of the blood pooled inside his victims' chest after death, Dahmer first removed their internal organs, then suspended the torso so the blood drained into his bathtub, before ] any organs he did not wish to retain and paring the flesh from the body.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=161}} The bones he wished to dispose of were pulverized or acidified, with Soilex and bleach solutions used to aid in the preservation of the skeletons and skulls he wished to keep. In addition, Dahmer confessed to having consumed the hearts, livers, biceps, and portions of thighs of several victims killed within the previous year.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=154}}

Describing the increase in his rate of killing in the two months prior to his arrest, Dahmer stated he had been "completely swept along"{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=198}} with his compulsion to kill, adding: "It was an incessant and never-ending desire to be with someone at whatever cost. Someone good looking, really nice looking. It just filled my thoughts all day long."{{sfn|Masters|1993|pp=120–121}} When asked as to why he had preserved a total of seven skulls and the entire skeletons of two victims, Dahmer stated he had been in the process of constructing a private altar of victims' skulls which he had intended to display on the black table located in his living room and upon which he had photographed the bodies of many of his victims.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=286}}

This display of skulls was to be adorned at each side with the complete skeletons of Miller and Lacy. The four severed heads found in his kitchen were to be removed of all flesh and used in this altar, as was the skull of at least one future victim. ] were to be placed at each end of the black table, above which Dahmer intended to place a large blue lamp with extending blue globe lights.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=286}} The entire construction was to be placed before a window covered with a black, opaque shower curtain, in front of which Dahmer intended to sit in a black leather chair.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=286}} When asked in a November 18, 1991 interview who the altar was dedicated to, Dahmer replied: "Myself ... It was a place where I could feel at home." He further described his intended altar as a "place for ]," from where he believed he could draw a sense of power,{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=286}} adding: "If this had happened six months later, that's what they would have found."{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=286}}

===Indictment===
On July 25, 1991, Dahmer was charged with four counts of ]. By August 22, he had been charged with a further 11 murders committed in Wisconsin.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=11}} On September 14, investigators in Ohio, having uncovered hundreds of bone fragments in woodland behind the address in which Dahmer had confessed to killing his first victim, formally identified two ] and a ] with X-ray records of Hicks.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=861&dat=19910914&id=uPVHAAAAIBAJ&pg=4324,3674325|title=Bones Identified at Dahmer Home|work=]|publisher=Victoria Advocate Publishing|location=Victoria, Texas|date=September 14, 1991|access-date=April 29, 2018}}</ref> Three days later, Dahmer was charged by authorities in Ohio with Hicks's murder.<ref>{{cite news |first=Rogers |last=Worthington |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1991-08-07-9103260555-story.html |title=Dahmer Polite In Court As New Charges Are Filed |work=]|publisher=]|location=Chicago, Illinois|date=August 7, 1991|access-date=April 29, 2018}}</ref>

Dahmer was not charged with the ] of Edwards,{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=11}} nor with the murder of Tuomi.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1893&dat=19920114&id=VMQfAAAAIBAJ&pg=1165,1695178&hl=en |title=Dahmer Enters Insanity Plea |work=The Southeast Missourian|access-date=February 19, 2021|date=January 14, 1992}}</ref> He was not charged with Tuomi's murder because the ] ] only brought charges where murder could be proven beyond a ]{{sfn|Dvorchak|Holewa|1992|p=56}} and Dahmer had no memory of actually committing this particular murder, for which no ] of the crime existed.{{sfn|Dvorchak|Holewa|1992|p=56}} At a scheduled ] on January 13, 1992,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hPohAAAAIBAJ&pg=3446,5821944& |title=Dahmer: Guilty, Insane|work=]|agency=Associated Press|date=January 13, 1992 |access-date=December 5, 2013|via=Google News}}</ref> Dahmer pleaded ] to 15 counts of murder.{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|pp=209–210}}

===Trial===
Dahmer's trial began on January 30, 1992.{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|p=207}} He was tried in Milwaukee for the 15 counts of first-degree murder{{sfn|Dvorchak|Holewa|1992|pp=169–173}} before Judge Laurence Gram.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=227}} By pleading guilty on January 13 to the charges brought against him, Dahmer had waived his rights to an initial trial to establish guilt (as defined in Wisconsin law).{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=215}} The issue debated by opposing counsels at Dahmer's trial was to determine whether he suffered from either a mental or a personality disorder:{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=215}} the ] claiming that any disorders did not deprive Dahmer of the ability to appreciate the criminality of his conduct or to deprive him of the ability to resist his ]; the ] arguing that Dahmer suffered from a mental disease{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=269}} and was driven by obsessions and impulses he was unable to control.{{sfn|Masters|1993|pp=227–228}}

Defense experts argued that Dahmer was insane due to his necrophilic drive – his compulsion to have sexual encounters with corpses. Defense expert Dr. ] testified that Dahmer was unable to conform his conduct at the time that he committed the crimes because he was suffering from ] or, more specifically, necrophilia. Dr. Judith Becker, a professor of psychiatry and psychology, was the second expert witness for the defense; Becker also diagnosed Dahmer with necrophilia. The final defense expert to testify, ] Dr. Carl Wahlstrom, diagnosed Dahmer with necrophilia, ], ], ], and a ].{{sfn|Dvorchak|Holewa|1992}}<ref name="diagnosis">{{cite magazine|first=Steve |last=Bogira |url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/the-inner-life-of-a-psycho-killer/Content?oid=880359 |title=The Inner Life of a Psycho Killer |magazine=]|date=August 27, 1992 |access-date=December 5, 2013}}</ref>{{sfn|Ewing|McCann|2006}}

The prosecution rejected the defense's argument that Dahmer was insane. Forensic psychiatrist Dr. Phillip Resnick testified that Dahmer did not suffer from primary necrophilia because he preferred live sexual partners as evidenced by his efforts to create unresistant, submissive sexual partners devoid of rational thought and to whose needs he did not have to cater.<ref name="Silva">{{cite journal|first1=J. Arturo|last1=Silva|first2=Michelle M.|last2=Ferrari |first3=Gregory B.|last3=Leong|title=The Case of Jeffrey Dahmer: Sexual Serial Homicide from a Neuropsychiatric Developmental Perspective|url=http://forensictransmissions.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/TheCaseofJeffreyDahmer.pdf|journal=]|publisher=]|location=Hoboken, New Jersey|date=November 2002|volume=47|issue=6|pages=15574J|doi=10.1520/JFS15574J|access-date=August 27, 2013}}</ref> Another prosecution expert to testify, Dr. Fred Fosdel, testified to his belief that Dahmer was without mental disease or defect at the time he committed the murders. He described Dahmer as a calculating and cunning individual, able to differentiate between right and wrong, with the ability to control his actions.<ref name="Deseret News">{{cite news|url=https://www.deseret.com/1992/2/10/18966874/psychiatrist-says-dahmer-was-sick-but-not-insane |title=Psychiatrist Says Dahmer Was Sick but Not Insane |work=]|location=Salt Lake City, Utah|date=February 10, 1992 |access-date=September 10, 2010|via=Google News}}</ref> Although Fosdel did state his belief that Dahmer suffered from paraphilia, his conclusion was that Dahmer was not a ].{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=255}}

The final witness to appear for the prosecution, forensic psychiatrist ], began his testimony on February 12. Dietz testified that he did not believe Dahmer to be suffering from any mental disease or defect at the time that he committed the crimes, stating: "Dahmer went to great lengths to be alone with his victim and to have no witnesses."{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=262}} He explained that there was ample evidence that Dahmer prepared in advance for each murder, therefore, his crimes were not impulsive.<ref>{{cite book |author=Lawrie Reznek |title=Evil or Ill? Justifying the Insanity Defence |publisher=] |date=1997 |page=290 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=3qhUh10iOCYC&pg=PA290 |isbn=9780415167000}}</ref><ref name="Milwaukee Journal Feb. 12, 1992">{{cite news|first=Jim|last=Stingl|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dSohAAAAIBAJ&pg=4713,3624402 |title=Dahmer Knew What He Was Doing, Expert Says|work=The Milwaukee Journal|date=February 12, 1992 |access-date=December 5, 2013|via=]}}</ref> Although Dietz did concede any acquisition of a paraphilia was not a matter of personal choice,{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=262}} he also stated his belief that Dahmer's habit of becoming intoxicated prior to committing each of the murders was significant, stating: "If he had an impulse to kill or a compulsion to kill, he wouldn't have to drink alcohol to overcome it. He only has to drink alcohol to overcome it because he is inhibited against killing."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1992/02/12/Psychiatrist-says-Dahmer-needed-alcohol-before-he-could-kill/1669697870800/ |title=Psychiatrist Says Dahmer Needed Alcohol Before He Could Kill|first=Jerry |last=Smith |work=United Press International |date=February 12, 1992}}</ref>

Dietz also noted that Dahmer strongly identified with evil and corrupt characters from both ''The Exorcist III'' and '']''; particularly the level of power held by these characters. Expounding on the significance of these movies on Dahmer's psyche and many of the murders committed at the Oxford Apartments, Dietz explained that Dahmer occasionally viewed scenes from these films before searching for a victim.<ref>{{cite AV media |first=Park|last=Dietz|author-link= Park Dietz |year= 1992 |title= Jeffrey Dahmer, Return of the Jedi and Exorcist 3 |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsj7bXdaPho |access-date= June 23, 2019 |ref= DahmerTrialVideo}}</ref> Dietz diagnosed Dahmer with ], paraphilia, and schizotypal personality disorder.{{sfn|Haycock|2014}}

Two court-appointed mental health professionals—testifying independently of either prosecution or defense—were forensic psychiatrist George Palermo and clinical psychologist Samuel Friedman. Palermo stated that the murders were the result of a "pent-up aggression within himself . He killed those men because he wanted to kill the source of his homosexual attraction to them. In killing them, he killed what he hated in himself." Palermo concluded that Dahmer was a sexual sadist with ], but legally sane.{{sfn|Ewing|McCann|2006|p=151}}

Friedman testified that it was a longing for companionship that caused Dahmer to kill. He stated, "Mr. Dahmer is not ]." He spoke kindly of Dahmer, describing him as, "Amiable, pleasant to be with, courteous, with a sense of humor, conventionally handsome, and charming in manner. He was, and still is, a bright young man."{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=214}}<ref name=Schwartz/><ref name=":1">{{cite book |first1=Solomon M.|last1=Fulero|first2=Lawrence Samuel|last2=Wrightsman |title= Forensic Psychology |year= 2008 |publisher= Cengage Learning |location=Boston, Massachusetts|isbn= 978-0-495-50649-2}}</ref> He diagnosed Dahmer with a ] featuring borderline, ], and sadistic traits.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19920206&id=Z7UcAAAAIBAJ&pg=2548,3262701&hl=en|title=Dahmer Sane, Psychologist Says |work=The Pittsburgh Press |date=February 6, 1992}}</ref>

The trial lasted two weeks.{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|p=211}} On February 14, both counsels delivered their closing arguments to the jury. Each counsel was allowed to speak for two hours. Defense attorney Gerald Boyle argued first. Repeatedly harking to the testimony of the mental health professionals—almost all of whom had agreed Dahmer was suffering from a mental disease{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=268}}—Boyle argued that Dahmer's compulsive killings had been a result of "a sickness he discovered, not chose."<ref name="nytimes Sanity of Dahmer"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1454&dat=19920215&id=lHtOAAAAIBAJ&pg=1633,5266547|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 15, 1992|title=Defense Claims Dahmer Was a 'Killing Machine'}}</ref> Boyle portrayed Dahmer as a desperately lonely and profoundly sick individual "so out of control he could not conform his conduct any more."{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=269}}

Following the defense counsel's 75-minute closing argument, Michael McCann delivered his closing argument for the prosecution, describing Dahmer as a sane man, in full control of his actions, who simply strove to avoid detection.<ref>{{cite news |first=Rogers |last=Worthington |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1992-02-10-9201130157-story.html |title=Dahmer Case Comes Down to Will Vs. Impulse |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=February 10, 1992}}</ref><ref name="nytimes Sanity of Dahmer">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/15/us/jury-deliberates-sanity-of-dahmer.html |title=Jury Deliberates Sanity of Dahmer |work=] |date=February 15, 1992}}</ref> McCann described Dahmer as a calculating individual who killed to control his victims and retained their bodies "merely to afford" himself a prolonged period of sexual pleasure.<ref>{{cite news |first=Edward |last=Walsh |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1992/02/01/man-describes-hours-long-ordeal-before-police-apprehended-dahmer/e30288f1-eaf3-4a4f-a67b-d7c570b36174/ |title=Man Describes Hours-long Ordeal Before Police Apprehended Dahmer |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=February 1, 1992}}</ref> McCann argued that by pleading guilty but insane to the charges, Dahmer was seeking to escape responsibility for his crimes.<ref name="nytimes Sanity of Dahmer"/>

On February 15, the court reconvened to hear the verdict: Dahmer was ruled to be sane and not suffering from a mental disorder at the time of each of the 15 murders for which he was tried,{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=272}} although in each count, two of the 12 jurors signified their ].{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=272}} On the first two counts, Dahmer was sentenced to ] plus ten years,<ref>, ''Time'' magazine, May 18, 1992</ref> with the remaining 13 counts carrying a ] sentence of life imprisonment plus 70 years. The ] was not an option for Judge Gram to consider at the penalty phase, as Wisconsin had abolished capital punishment in 1853.<ref name="Bardsley-21"/>

Upon hearing of Dahmer's sentencing, his father Lionel and stepmother Shari requested to be allowed a ten-minute private meeting with their son before he was transferred to the ] in ], to begin his sentence.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=274}} This request was granted and the trio exchanged hugs and well-wishes before Dahmer was escorted away.

Three months after his conviction in Milwaukee, Dahmer was ] to Ohio to be tried for the murder of his first victim, Steven Hicks.{{sfn|Dahmer|1994|p=241}} In a court hearing lasting just 45 minutes,<ref>{{cite news|first=M. R.|last=Kropko|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1842&dat=19920502&id=dEweAAAAIBAJ&pg=1336,196522|title=Dahmer Gets 16th Life Sentence|work=]|location=Florence, Alabama|date=May 2, 1992|access-date=April 29, 2018|via=Google News}}</ref> Dahmer again pleaded guilty to the charges and was sentenced to a 16th term of life imprisonment on May 1, 1992.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=j7YyAAAAIBAJ&pg=3168,1564005 |title=Dahmer Pleads Guilty to 16th Murder|newspaper=]|date=May 2, 1992|access-date=December 5, 2013|via=Google News}}</ref>

== Imprisonment and death ==
]. Dahmer was imprisoned at this facility until his death in 1994.]]

Upon sentencing, Dahmer was transferred to the Columbia Correctional Institution.{{sfn|Campbell|p=36}} For the first year of his incarceration, Dahmer was placed in ] due to concerns for his physical safety should he come into contact with fellow inmates. With Dahmer's consent, after one year in solitary confinement, he was transferred to a less secure unit, where he was assigned a two-hour daily work detail cleaning the toilet block.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abc7chicago.com/news/jeffrey-dahmers-killer-explains-why-he-did-it/688971/|title=Jeffrey Dahmer's Killer Explains Why He Did It|access-date=July 21, 2017|newspaper=ABC7 Chicago|date=April 30, 2015}}</ref> Shortly after completing his lengthy confessions in 1991, Dahmer had requested to Detective Murphy that he be given a copy of the ].{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=215}} This request was granted and Dahmer gradually devoted himself to ] and became a ]. On his father's urging, he also read ] books from the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnf1j4hRbjU|title=Full King Interview Dahmer Parents Lionel and Shari|date=June 28, 2014|via=YouTube}}</ref> In May 1994, Dahmer was ] by ], a minister in the ] and a graduate of ], in the prison whirlpool.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JYZhAAAAIBAJ&pg=4821,6803994 |title=Dahmer Found Religion, Played Pranks in Prison |work=] |agency=Associated Press |date=November 28, 1994 |access-date=December 5, 2013|via=Google News}}</ref><ref name="Bardsley-22"/>

Following his baptism, Ratcliff visited Dahmer on a weekly basis up until November 1994. Dahmer and Ratcliff regularly discussed the prospect of death, and Dahmer questioned whether he was ]ning against God by continuing to live.<ref name="peoplemag1994">{{cite magazine |first=Elizabeth|last=Gleick|url=https://people.com/archive/cover-story-the-final-victim-vol-42-no-24/ |title=The Final Victim |magazine=] |volume=42 |issue=24 |publisher=]|location=New York City|date=December 12, 1994|access-date=July 4, 2014}}</ref> Referring to his crimes in a 1994 interview with ] on '']'', Dahmer had stated: "If a person doesn't think that there is a God to be accountable to, then what's the point of trying to modify your behavior to keep it within acceptable ranges? That's how I thought anyway."<ref name="RatcliffAdams2015">{{cite book|first1=Roy|last1=Ratcliff|first2=Lindy|last2=Adams|title=Dark Journey Deep Grace: Jeffrey Dahmer's Story of Faith|publisher=Leafwood Publishers|location=Abilene, Texas|date=September 11, 2015|isbn=978-0-89112-891-5|page=57}}</ref>

In July 1994, a fellow inmate, Osvaldo Durruthy, attempted to slash Dahmer's throat with a razor embedded in a toothbrush as Dahmer returned to his cell from Ratcliff's weekly church service conducted in the prison chapel.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.deseret.com/1994/11/29/19145264/wisconsin-inmate-held-in-slaying-of-dahmer |title=Wisconsin Inmate Held in Slaying of Dahmer |newspaper=] |publisher=]|location=Salt Lake City, Utah|agency=Associated Press |date=November 29, 1994 |access-date=July 4, 2014}}</ref> Dahmer received superficial wounds and was not seriously hurt in this incident. According to Dahmer's family, he had long been ready to die, and accepted any punishment which he might endure in prison. In addition to his father and stepmother maintaining regular contact, Dahmer's mother, Joyce, also maintained regular contact with her son (although prior to his arrest, the two had not seen each other since Christmas 1983).{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=87}} Joyce related that in her weekly phone calls, whenever she expressed concerns for her son's physical well-being, Dahmer responded with comments to the effect of: "It doesn't matter, Mom. I don't care if something happens to me."<ref name="peoplemag1994"/>

=== Death ===

On the morning of November 28, 1994, Dahmer left his cell to conduct his assigned work detail. Accompanying him were two fellow inmates: ] and ]. The trio were left unsupervised in the showers of the prison gym for approximately 20&nbsp;minutes. At approximately 8:10&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="nytimes Dahmer death">{{cite news |first=Don |last=Terry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/29/us/jeffrey-dahmer-multiple-killer-is-bludgeoned-to-death-in-prison.html |title=Jeffrey Dahmer, Multiple Killer, Is Bludgeoned to Death in Prison |newspaper=] |publisher=New York Times Company|location=New York City|date=November 29, 1994 |access-date=July 4, 2014}}</ref> Dahmer was discovered on the floor of the bathrooms of the gym suffering from extreme head wounds;<ref name="nytimes Inmate Bludgeoned">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/12/01/us/inmate-bludgeoned-with-jeffrey-dahmer-on-work-detail-dies.html |title=Inmate Bludgeoned with Dahmer on Work Detail Dies |newspaper=] |publisher=New York Times Company|location=New York City|date=December 1, 1994 |access-date=August 31, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Dahmer Still wore Shackles at Autopsy |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1368&dat=19950317&id=8oxQAAAAIBAJ&pg=6896,4930088 |newspaper=] |publisher=]|location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin|date=March 17, 1995|access-date=November 7, 2018|via=]}}</ref> he had been severely bludgeoned about the head and face with a {{convert|20|inch|cm|adj=on|abbr=off|sp=us}} metal bar.<ref name="nytimes Dahmer death"/> His head had also been repeatedly struck against the wall in the assault.{{sfn|Campbell|p=37}} Although Dahmer was still alive and was rushed to a nearby hospital, he was pronounced dead one hour later. Anderson had also been beaten with the same instrument, and died two days later from his wounds.<ref name="peoplemag1994"/><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2606,00.html |title=Dahmer Killer Charged |magazine=] |publisher=]|location=New York City|date=December 15, 1994}}</ref>

Scarver, who was serving a life sentence for a murder committed in 1990, informed authorities he had first attacked Dahmer with the metal bar as he (Dahmer) was cleaning a staff locker room, before attacking Anderson as he (Anderson) cleaned an inmate locker room. According to Scarver, Dahmer did not yell or make any noise as he was attacked. Immediately after attacking both men, Scarver, who was thought to be ], returned to his cell and informed a prison guard: "God told me to do it. Jesse Anderson and Jeffrey Dahmer are dead."{{sfn|Aggrawal|2016|p=129}}{{sfn|Campbell|p=37}}<ref name="Star-News Dec. 16, 1994">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1454&dat=19941216&id=yOJOAAAAIBAJ&pg=7077,21690 |title=Inmate: Dahmer Killed for God |newspaper=]|publisher=] |location=Wilmington, NC |date=December 16, 1994|access-date=April 29, 2018 |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> Scarver was adamant he had not planned the attacks in advance,<ref>{{cite news|first=Michael C.|last=Buelow|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1876&dat=19941216&id=q7EeAAAAIBAJ&pg=6939,15326|title=Bar From Weight Room Used to Kill Dahmer |work=]|publisher=]|location=Logan, Utah|date=December 16, 1994|access-date=April 29, 2018|via=]}}</ref> although he later divulged to investigators he had concealed the 20-inch iron bar used to kill both men in his clothing shortly before the killings.<ref name="Star-News Dec. 16, 1994"/>{{refn|group=n|Prior to murdering Dahmer and Anderson, Scarver is known to have expressed a deep distrust and resentment towards white people. As the majority of Dahmer's victims were black and Anderson had attempted to frame two African-American men for his wife's murder, a possibility exists the attacks on both men were racially motivated.<ref name="nytimes Dahmer death"/><ref name="nytimes Inmate Bludgeoned"/>}}

Upon learning of his death, Dahmer's mother Joyce responded angrily to the media: "Now is everybody happy? Now that he's bludgeoned to death, is that good enough for everyone?"<ref>{{cite news |first=William |last=Janz |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MWSB&p_theme=mwsb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB8289CA7DF7852&p_field_direct-0=document_id |title='It Doesn't Matter, Mom,' Dahmer Said |newspaper=] |publisher=]|location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin|date=November 29, 1994 |access-date=December 5, 2013}}</ref> The response of the families of Dahmer's victims was mixed, although it appears most were pleased with his death. The district attorney who prosecuted Dahmer cautioned against turning Scarver into a ], noting that Dahmer's death was still murder.<ref name="peoplemag1994"/> On May 15, 1995, Scarver was sentenced to two additional terms of life imprisonment for the murders of Dahmer and Anderson.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=v0IPAAAAIBAJ&pg=6589,559762 |title=Jeffrey Dahmer's Killer Gets 2 Life Sentences |work=] |publisher=]|location=Kingsport, Tennessee|agency=] |date=May 17, 1995 |volume=24 |issue=70 |page=11 |access-date=December 5, 2013}}</ref>

Although Scarver had confessed in 1994 to having concealed the weapon used to kill Dahmer and Anderson in his clothing on the morning of the murders, in 2015, he publicly stated the murders of Dahmer and Anderson had resulted from a confrontation in which one of the two men had poked him (Scarver) in the back as the three had begun their assigned work detail. In this renewed account of events, Scarver claimed that the two had laughed at him when he had turned around in response before Dahmer and Anderson each walked to separate rooms to begin their cleaning duty, with Scarver following Dahmer toward the staff locker room.<ref name="NYP">{{cite news|first1=Jamie|last1=Schram|title=Why I killed Jeffrey Dahmer|url=https://nypost.com/2015/04/28/meet-the-prisoner-who-murdered-killer-cannibal-jeffrey-dahmer/|access-date=April 29, 2015|newspaper=]|publisher=]|location=New York City|date=April 28, 2015}}</ref>

Scarver alleges that immediately before murdering Dahmer, he had cornered him, presented a newspaper article detailing Dahmer's crimes, and demanded that Dahmer answer whether the account was true.<ref name="NYP"/> Scarver further alleged he had been revolted by Dahmer's crimes and that Dahmer had been openly unrepentant; that Dahmer taunted prison employees and fellow inmates by shaping his prison food into imitations of severed limbs, complete with ketchup to simulate blood spattering; and that prison staff, knowing of Scarver's hatred for Dahmer, had deliberately left the two men unsupervised so that he could kill him.<ref name="NYP"/> Furthermore, Scarver stated that Dahmer was so disliked by fellow inmates that he required a personal escort of at least one ] whenever he was out of his cell to prevent inmates from attacking him.

Dahmer had stated in his will that he wished for no services to be conducted and that he wished to be ].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/18/us/body-of-wisconsin-serial-killer-is-cremated.html |title=Body of Wisconsin Serial Killer Is Cremated |newspaper=] |location=New York City|agency=Associated Press|date=September 18, 1995 |access-date=December 5, 2013}}</ref> In September 1995, Dahmer's body was cremated, and his ashes divided between his parents.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DBBIAAAAIBAJ&pg=4044,2046324 |title=Dahmer Cremated |newspaper=] |location=Youngstown, OH |page=A3 |date=September 18, 1995 |access-date=December 5, 2013}}</ref>

===Aftermath===
On August 5, 1991, as the nature and scale of Dahmer's crimes initially came to light, a ] to celebrate and heal the Milwaukee community<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1991/08/07/city-in-the-grip-of-fear-fascination/1cc4b7a6-3b55-4b67-b1a8-99d4b5920fa8/|title=City in The Grip of Fear|access-date=November 13, 2017|newspaper=Washington Post|date=August 7, 1991}}</ref> was attended by more than 400 people. Present at the vigil were community leaders, ] activists, and family members of several of Dahmer's victims. Organizers stated the purpose of the vigil was to enable Milwaukeeans to "share their feelings of pain and anger over what happened".{{sfn|Campbell|p=32}}

The Oxford Apartments at 924 North 25th Street, where Dahmer had killed twelve of his victims, were demolished in November 1992.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4BcpAAAAIBAJ&pg=4771,3648855 |work=The Bulletin |title=Dahmer Apartment Demolition Begins |agency=Associated Press |date=November 17, 1992 |access-date=December 5, 2013}}</ref> The site is now a vacant lot. Alternate plans to convert the site into either a memorial garden, a playground, or to reconstruct new housing have failed to materialize.

Dahmer's ] was awarded to the families of 11 of his victims who had sued for damages. In 1996, Thomas Jacobson, a lawyer representing eight of the families, announced a planned auction of Dahmer's estate. Although victims' relatives stated the motivation was not greed, the announcement sparked controversy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/US/9605/08/dahmer.auction/index.html|title=Serial killer's Property Set to Go on The Auction Block|website=]|publisher=]|location=Atlanta, Georgia|date=May 8, 1996|access-date=November 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014081959/http://edition.cnn.com/US/9605/08/dahmer.auction/index.html |archive-date=October 14, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Dirk|last=Johnson|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/20/us/bid-to-auction-killer-s-tools-provokes-disgust.html|title=Bid to Auction Killer's Tools Provokes Disgust|newspaper=]|publisher=New York Times Company|location=New York City|date=May 20, 1996|access-date=November 24, 2018}}</ref> A civic group, Milwaukee Civic Pride, was quickly established in an effort to raise the funds to purchase and destroy Dahmer's possessions. The group pledged $407,225, including a $100,000 gift by Milwaukee real estate developer Joseph Zilber, for purchase of Dahmer's estate; five of the eight families represented by Jacobson agreed to the terms, and Dahmer's possessions were subsequently destroyed and buried in an undisclosed ] landfill.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ANQ_AAAAIBAJ&pg=3406%2C5717283|title=Dahmer Belongings Destroyed|newspaper=]|publisher=Ogden Newspapers, Inc.|location=Lawrence, Kansas|date=June 28, 1996|access-date=November 24, 2018|via=]}}</ref>

Lionel Dahmer is retired and now lives with his second wife, Shari. Both have refused to change their surname and have professed their love of Dahmer in spite of his crimes. In 1994, Lionel published a book, ''A Father's Story,'' and donated a portion of the proceeds from his book to the victims' families. Most of the families showed support for Lionel and Shari, although three families subsequently sued Lionel: two for using their names in the book without obtaining prior consent;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-1994-03-05-9403050289-story.html |title=Families of 2 Victims Sue Dahmer's Father over Book |access-date=July 21, 2017 |newspaper=Orlando Sentinel |date=March 5, 1994}}</ref> and a third family—that of Steven Hicks—filing a ] ] against Lionel, Shari, and former wife Joyce, citing parental negligence as the cause for the claim.<ref name="ap">{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/82475da834f55a15464e613c8f20683b|title=Victim's Mother Seeks $50 Million from Dahmers|date=August 29, 1992|publisher=Associated Press}}</ref>

Joyce Flint died of cancer in November 2000. Prior to her death, she had attempted suicide on at least one occasion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-dec-06-me-61803-story.html|title=Joyce Flint; Serial Killer Jeffrey Dahmer's Mother|access-date=May 20, 2017|newspaper=L A Times|date=December 6, 2000}}</ref> Dahmer's younger brother, David, changed his surname and lives in anonymity.{{sfn|Campbell|p=14}}

==Known murder victims==
Jeffrey Dahmer is known to have killed 17 young men between 1978 and 1991. Of these victims, 12 were killed in his North 25th Street apartment. Three further victims were murdered and dismembered at his grandmother's West Allis residence, with his first and second victims being murdered at his parents' home in Ohio, and at the Ambassador Hotel in Milwaukee respectively. A total of 14 of Dahmer's victims were from various ethnic minority backgrounds, with nine victims being black. Dahmer was adamant that the race of his victims was incidental to him and that it was the body form of a potential victim that attracted his attention.{{sfn|Campbell|p=36}}{{refn|group=n|Despite Dahmer's insistence the race of his victims was incidental to him, some theorize the majority of his murders may have held a racial motive.<ref>''Erasing Racism: The Survival of the American Nation'' {{ISBN|978-1-615-92527-8}} p. 243</ref><ref>''Twentieth-Century Murder'' {{ISBN|978-1-858-91390-2}} p. 119</ref> Alternatively, his victim selection may have simply been a result of his living in an ethnically mixed area, and the ] of the districts of Milwaukee and Chicago where he typically selected his victims.{{sfn|Aggrawal|2016|p=127}}}}

Most of Dahmer's victims were killed by strangulation after being drugged with sedatives, although his first victim was killed by a combination of bludgeoning and strangulation and his second victim was battered to death, with one further victim killed in 1990, Ernest Miller, dying of a combination of ] and blood loss due to his carotid artery being cut.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=214}} Many of Dahmer's victims killed in 1991 had holes bored into their skulls through which Dahmer injected hydrochloric acid or, later, boiling water, directly into the brain{{sfn|Masters|1993|pp=176–177}} in an attempt to induce a permanent, submissive, unresistant state. On at least three occasions, this proved fatal although on none of these occasions was this Dahmer's intention.{{sfn|Masters|1993|pp=188–189}}

===1978===
* '''June 18''': Steven Mark Hicks, 18. Last seen hitchhiking to a rock concert in ] in Bath, Ohio.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=89}} By Dahmer's admission, what caught his attention to Hicks hitchhiking was the fact that the youth was bare-chested. He was bludgeoned with a dumbbell and strangled to death with this instrument before being dismembered. Remains pulverized and scattered in woodland behind Dahmer's childhood home.

===1987===
* '''November 20''': Steven Walter Tuomi, 25. Killed in a rented room at the Ambassador Hotel in Milwaukee. Dahmer claimed to have no memory of murdering Tuomi, yet stated he must have battered him to death in a drunken stupor. His body was dismembered in the basement of Dahmer's grandmother's house and the remains discarded in the trash. No remains were ever found.

===1988===
* '''January 16''': James Edward Doxtator, 14. Met Dahmer outside a gay bar in Wisconsin. Doxtator was lured to West Allis on the pretext of earning $50 for posing for nude pictures. Dahmer strangled Doxtator and kept his body in the basement for a week before dismembering him and discarding the remains in the trash. No remains were ever found.
* '''March 24''': Richard Guerrero, 22. Drugged and strangled in Dahmer's bedroom at West Allis. Dahmer dismembered Guerrero's corpse in the basement, dissolved the flesh in acid and disposed of the bones in the trash. He bleached and retained the skull for several months before disposing of it.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=120}} No remains were ever found.

===1989===
* '''March 25''': Anthony Lee Sears, 24. Sears was the last victim to be drugged and strangled at Dahmer's grandmother's residence; he was also the first victim from whom Dahmer permanently retained any body parts.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dahmer Charged in Eight Deaths |date=August 7, 1991 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=az0pAAAAIBAJ&pg=4055%2C1136677 |newspaper=Sun Journal|access-date=December 5, 2013}}</ref> His preserved skull and genitals were found in a filing cabinet at 924 North 25th Street following Dahmer's arrest in 1991.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=7}}

===1990===
* '''May 20''': Raymond Lamont Smith (also known as Ricky Beeks), 32.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/1991/11/jeffrey-dahmer-dennis-nilsen-serial-killer|title=Jeffrey Dahmer's Inferno|first=Condé|last=Nast|website=Vanity Fair}}</ref> The first victim to be killed at Dahmer's North 25th Street apartment. Smith was a male sex worker whom Dahmer encountered at a tavern. Dahmer gave Smith a drink laced with sleeping pills, then strangled him on his kitchen floor.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=141}} His skull was spray-painted and retained.
* '''June 14''': Edward Warren Smith, 27.{{sfn|Dvorchak|Holewa|1992|p=175}} A known acquaintance of Dahmer who was last seen in his company at a party.{{sfn|Norris|1992|pp=199–200}} Dahmer acidified Smith's skeleton; his skull was destroyed unintentionally when placed in the oven in an effort to remove moisture.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=144}} No remains were ever found.
* '''September 2''': Ernest Marquez Miller, 22. Miller was a dance student whom Dahmer encountered outside a bookstore. According to Dahmer, he was especially attracted to Miller's ]. He was killed by having his carotid artery severed before being dismembered in the bathtub, with Dahmer storing his entire skeleton in the bottom drawer of a filing cabinet and his heart, biceps, and portions of his legs in the freezer for later consumption.
* '''September 24''': David Courtney Thomas, 22. Encountered Dahmer near the Grand Avenue Mall; he was lured to Dahmer's apartment on the promise of money for posing nude. Once a laced drink had rendered Thomas unconscious, Dahmer decided he "wasn't my type." Nonetheless, Dahmer strangled Thomas, taking Polaroid photos of the dismemberment process. No remains were ever found.{{sfn|Norris|1992|p=217}}

===1991===
* '''February 18''': Curtis Durrell Straughter, 17. Approached by Dahmer as he waited at a bus stop near Marquette University. Dahmer lured Straughter to his apartment, where the youth was drugged, and then handcuffed and strangled before being dismembered in the bathtub. His skull, hands, and genitals were retained.
* '''April 7''': Errol Lindsey, 19. The first victim upon whom Dahmer practiced what he later described to investigators as his "drilling technique," a procedure in which he drilled holes into the victim's skull, through which he injected hydrochloric acid into the brain. According to Dahmer, Lindsey awoke after this practice, after which he was again rendered unconscious with a drink laced with sedatives, then strangled to death. Dahmer flayed Lindsey's body and retained the skin for several weeks.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=13}} His skull was found following Dahmer's arrest.
* '''May 24''': Tony Anthony Hughes, 31. Hughes was a ] whom Dahmer lured to his apartment upon the promise of posing nude for photographs. As Hughes was deaf, he and Dahmer communicated using handwritten notes. He was strangled and his body left on Dahmer's bedroom floor for three days before being dismembered, with Dahmer photographing the dismemberment process. His skull was retained and identified from dental records.{{sfn|Dvorchak|Holewa|1992|p=178}}
* '''May 27''': Konerak Sinthasomphone, 14. The younger brother of the boy Dahmer had assaulted in 1988. Sinthasomphone was drugged and had hydrochloric acid injected into his brain before Dahmer left the youth unattended as he left the apartment to purchase beer. When he returned, he discovered Sinthasomphone naked and disoriented in the street, with three distressed young women attempting to assist him. When police arrived, Dahmer persuaded them he and Sinthasomphone were lovers and that the youth was simply intoxicated. When police left Sinthasomphone with Dahmer in his apartment, Dahmer again injected hydrochloric acid into Sinthasomphone's brain, and this proved fatal. His head was retained in the freezer and his body dismembered.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=180}}
* '''June 30''': Matt Cleveland Turner, 20. On June 30, Dahmer attended the ]. At a bus stop, he encountered a 20-year-old named Matt Turner and persuaded him to accompany him to Milwaukee to pose for a photo shoot. Turner was drugged, strangled, and then dismembered in the bathtub. His head and internal organs were put in the freezer and his torso subsequently placed in the 57-gallon drum Dahmer purchased on July 12.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=183}}
* '''July 5''': Jeremiah B. Weinberger, 23. Met Dahmer at a gay bar in Chicago and agreed to accompany him to Milwaukee for the weekend. Dahmer drilled through Weinberger's skull and injected boiling water into the cavity. He later recalled Weinberger's death to be exceptional, as he was the only victim who died with his eyes open.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=49}} Weinberger's decapitated body was kept in the bathtub for a week before being dismembered; his torso was placed in the 57-gallon drum.
* '''July 15''': Oliver Joseph Lacy, 24. A bodybuilding enthusiast whom Dahmer enticed to his apartment on the promise of money for posing for photographs. Lacy was drugged and strangled with a leather strap before being decapitated, with his head and heart being placed in the refrigerator.{{sfn|Masters|1993|p=14}} His skeleton was retained to adorn one side of the private shrine of skulls and skeletons Dahmer was in the process of creating when arrested one week later.
* '''July 19''': Joseph Arthur Bradehoft, 25. Dahmer's last victim. Bradehoft was a father of three children from ] who was looking for work in Milwaukee at the time of his murder.<ref>{{cite news |first=Robert |last=Dvorchak |url=https://apnews.com/article/f7138946368ce8727bc496673d7598cd |title=Families Struggle to Understand How Their Loved Ones Fell Prey |publisher=Associated Press|date=July 28, 1991}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=A Victim in Serial Slaying Leaves Behind a Wife; Three Children |date=July 26, 1991 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19910726&id=3jcdAAAAIBAJ&pg=4914,2602947 |publisher=Milwaukee Journal|access-date=December 5, 2013}}</ref> He was left on Dahmer's bed for two days following his murder before, on July 21, being decapitated. His head was placed in the refrigerator and his torso in the 57-gallon drum.

==In media==
<!---PLEASE DO NOT ADD SONG REFERENCES, INCIDENTAL THEATER PORTRAYALS, REFERENCES TO INCIDENTAL DEPICTIONS UPON ALBUM COVERS OR OTHER DEPICTIONS UPON TV SHOWS LIKE COMICS, ALBUM COVERS OR OTHER IRRELEVANT TRIVIA HERE. IT DOES NOT BELONG HERE, AND WILL REMOVED WITH NO FURTHER DISCUSSION. TRIVIA IS INAPPROPRIATE PER THE PROJECT GOVERNING THIS ARTICLE.--->

===Film===
* '']'' was released in 1993 and stars ] as Dahmer.<ref>] at imdb.com</ref>
* The biographical film '']'' was released in 2002. It stars ] in the title role and co-stars ] as Dahmer's father, Lionel.<ref>''Dahmer'' opened in theaters on June 21, 2002. &nbsp;– IMDb. The DVD was released on October 27.&nbsp;– IMDb</ref>
* '']'' was released in 2006. Revolving around the reactions of Dahmer's parents following his arrest in 1991, it stars Rusty Sneary as Dahmer and co-stars Scott Cordes as Lionel.
* In 2012, an independent documentary, '']'', premiered at the ] festival. It features interviews with Dahmer's former neighbor, Pamela Bass, as well as Detective Patrick Kennedy, and the city ] Jeffrey Jentzen.<ref> ''Los Angeles Times''. March 10, 2012.</ref>
* The ]-directed film, ], premiered at the ] on April 25, 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://variety.com/2017/film/reviews/my-friend-dahmer-review-ross-lynch-1202401672/ |title= Tribeca Film Review: 'My Friend Dahmer' |first= Owen |last= Gleiberman |author-link=Owen Gleiberman |date= April 27, 2017 |website= Variety.com |publisher= Variety Media, LLC |access-date= June 21, 2017}}</ref> Based on ] by ], the film stars ] as Dahmer and chronicles his high school years and the events leading up to his first murder.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Collis |first1=Clark |title=Ross Lynch Starring Serial Killer Film My Friend Dahmer to be Released This Fall|url=https://ew.com/movies/2017/05/15/ross-lynch-my-friend-dahmer-release-date/|date=May 15, 2017|magazine=]|publisher=]|location=New York City}}</ref>

===Books===
* {{cite book |last1= Backderf |first1= Derf |title= My Friend Dahmer |year= 2012 |publisher= Abrams Comic Arts |isbn= 978-1-4197-0217-4|author-link=Derf Backderf|title-link= My Friend Dahmer}}
* {{cite book |author= Dvorchak, Robert J.|author2=Holewa, Lisa |title= Milwaukee Massacre: Jeffrey Dahmer and the Milwaukee Murders |year= 1992 |isbn= 978-0-7090-5003-2}}
* {{cite book |author= Ewing, Charles Patrick|author2=McCann, Joseph T. |title= Minds on Trial: Great Cases in Law and Psychology |year= 2006|publisher= ] |location=Oxford, England |isbn= 978-0-19-518176-0}}
* {{cite book |author= Haycock, Dean A. |title= Murderous Minds: Exploring the Criminal Psychopathic Brain: Neurological Imaging and the Manifestation of Evil |year= 2014 |isbn= 978-1-60598-498-8}}
* {{cite book |last1= Ratcliff |first1= Roy |author1-link=Roy Ratcliff |last2= Adams |first2= Lindy |title= Dark Journey, Deep Grace: Jeffrey Dahmer's Story of Faith |year= 2006 |publisher= Leafwood Publishing |isbn= 978-0-9767790-2-5}}
* {{cite book |last= Schwartz |first= Anne E. |title= The Man Who Could Not Kill Enough |year= 1992 |publisher= Citadel |isbn= 978-1-55972-117-2 |url= https://archive.org/details/manwhocouldnotki00schw}}

===Television===
* ''The Trial of Jeffrey Dahmer'' was released in 1992. Directed by ], this documentary largely focuses upon testimony delivered at Dahmer's first trial. The documentary concludes with Dahmer's addressing Judge Laurence Gram following his conviction.
* The ] channel has also broadcast a documentary focusing upon Dahmer within its documentary series, '']''. This documentary features excerpts of Dahmer's 1994 interview with ] and was first broadcast in August 2006.
* ] has broadcast an episode focusing upon Dahmer's crimes as part of its investigative series, ''How it Really Happened''. This episode, titled ''The Strange Case of Jeffrey Dahmer'', was originally aired on March 31, 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Strange Case of Jeffrey Dahmer|url=https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2017/hln/how-it-really-happened/the-strange-case-of-jeffrey-dahmer/|access-date=April 3, 2017|agency=CNN |date=March 31, 2017}}</ref>
* The digital cable and satellite television channel, ], broadcast the two-part documentary, ''Dahmer on Dahmer: A Serial Killer Speaks'', in November 2017. Produced and directed by Matthew Watts, the program features interviews with, among others, Dahmer's father, stepmother, former classmates, psychiatrists who testified at his trial, and a homicide detective involved in the investigation.
]
* Netflix Series "Dark Tourist" Season 1, Episode 3. Jul 20, 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Netflix travel show 'Dark Tourist' isn't worth the trip |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/express/wp/2018/07/22/dark-tourist-review-david-farriers-netflix-travel-show-isnt-worth-the-trip/ |work=Washington Post |access-date=26 September 2018}}</ref>
* ''Jeffrey Dahmer: Mind of a Monster''. Commissioned by the Investigation Discovery channel. This documentary was first broadcast in May 2020 and includes interviews with Dahmer's father, former neighbors and eyewitnesses in addition to investigators and forensic psychiatrists.<ref>{{cite web|title=JJeffrey Dahmer: Mind of a Monster|url=https://press.discovery.com/us/id/programs/jeffrey-dahmer-mind-monster/|publisher=discovery.com|access-date=May 31, 2020}}</ref>

===Theater===
* '']'' (1992) by experimental writer and director ] uses the techniques of ] ] to depict the life and crimes of Dahmer.<ref>{{cite book|title=Murder Most Queer: The Homicidal Homosexual in the American Theater|last=Schildcrout|first=Jordan|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=2014|isbn=978-0-472-05232-5|location=Ann Arbor|pages=159–163}}</ref>
* ''Jeffrey Dahmer: Guilty but Insane'' (2013). Written and performed by Joshua Hitchens and directed by Ryan Walter.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.briansiano.com/2013/08/06/jeffrey-dahmer-guilty-or-insane/|title=Jeffrey Dahmer, Guilty but Insane (Trailer)|website=briansiano.com|year=2013}}</ref>
<!---PLEASE DO NOT ADD REFERENCES TO INCIDENTAL DEPICTIONS OF DAHMER UPON ALBUM COVERS OR OTHER DEPICTIONS UPON TV SHOWS LIKE SOUTH PARK OR DEATH METAL LYRICS – OR OTHER IRRELEVANT TRIVIA HERE. IT DOES NOT BELONG HERE, AND WILL be REMOVED WITH NO FURTHER DISCUSSION. TRIVIA IS INAPPROPRIATE PER THE PROJECT GOVERNING THIS ARTICLE.--->

==See also==
* ]
* ]
* ]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=n}}

==References==
{{Reflist
| refs=
<ref name="Bardsley-4">{{cite web|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/dahmer/4.html |title=Jeffrey Dahmer&nbsp;– Serial Killer and Cannibal&nbsp;– Exposed! |last=Bardsley |first=Marilyn |work=TruTV.com |publisher=TruTV Crime Library |access-date=July 26, 2010 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831063350/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/dahmer/4.html |archive-date=August 31, 2009}}</ref>
<ref name="Bardsley-5">{{cite web |url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/dahmer/5.html |title=Jeffrey Dahmer&nbsp;– Serial Killer and Cannibal&nbsp;– The Head in the Fridge |last=Bardsley |first=Marilyn |work=TruTV.com |publisher=TruTV Crime Library |access-date=July 26, 2010 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107111737/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/dahmer/5.html |archive-date= January 7, 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="Bardsley-7">{{cite web |url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/dahmer/7.html |title=Jeffrey Dahmer&nbsp;– Serial Killer and Cannibal&nbsp;– Lust, Booze & Murder |last=Bardsley |first=Marilyn |work=TruTV.com |publisher=TruTV Crime Library |access-date=July 26, 2010 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215115156/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/dahmer/7.html |archive-date=December 15, 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="Bardsley-8">{{cite web|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/dahmer/8.html |title=Jeffrey Dahmer&nbsp;– Serial Killer and Cannibal&nbsp;– More Murders, More Arrests |last=Bardsley |first=Marilyn |work=TruTV.com |publisher=TruTV Crime Library |access-date=July 26, 2010 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831100952/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/dahmer/8.html |archive-date=August 31, 2009}}</ref>
<ref name="Bardsley-10">{{cite web |url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/dahmer/10.html |title=Jeffrey Dahmer&nbsp;– Serial Killer and Cannibal&nbsp;– The Killing Binge |last=Bardsley |first=Marilyn |work=TruTV.com |publisher=TruTV Crime Library |access-date=July 26, 2010 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019120548/https://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/dahmer/10.html |archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="Bardsley-21">{{cite web|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/dahmer/21.html |title=Jeffrey Dahmer&nbsp;– Serial Killer and Cannibal&nbsp;– End of the Road |last=Bardsley |first=Marilyn |work=TruTV.com |publisher=TruTV Crime Library |access-date=July 26, 2010 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519084408/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/dahmer/21.html |archive-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="Bardsley-22">{{cite web|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/dahmer/22.html |title=Jeffrey Dahmer&nbsp;– Serial Killer and Cannibal&nbsp;– Did Dahmer Find God? |last=Bardsley |first=Marilyn |work=TruTV.com |publisher=TruTV Crime Library |access-date=July 26, 2010 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904192409/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/dahmer/22.html |archive-date=September 4, 2009}}</ref>
}}


==Cited works== == See also ==
{{portal|Christianity}}
* {{cite book |last= Aggrawal |first= Anil |title=Necrophilia: Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b0k2qpfyU8IC|year= 2016 |publisher=]|location=Boca Raton, Florida|isbn=978-1-4200-8913-4}}
* ]
* {{cite journal |editor-last=Campbell|editor-first=Duncan|title=Murder in Mind&nbsp;– Jeffrey Dahmer the Milwaukee serial killer|journal=Murder in Mind|publisher=]|location=London, England|issue=5|issn=1364-5803}}
* ]
* {{cite book |last= Dahmer |first= Lionel |title= A Father's Story |year= 1994 |publisher= ]|location=New York City|
* ]
isbn= 978-0-688-12156-3}}
* {{cite book |last= Davis |first= Don |title= The Jeffrey Dahmer Story: An American Nightmare |year= 1991 |publisher= ] |location=New York City|isbn= 978-0-312-92840-7 |url= https://archive.org/details/jeffreydahmersto00dond}}
* {{cite book |last1= Dvorchak |first1=Robert J.|last2= Holewa |first2= Lisa |title= Milwaukee Massacre: Jeffrey Dahmer and the Milwaukee Murders |year= 1992 |publisher=]|location=New York City|isbn= 978-0-7090-5003-2}}
* {{cite book |last1= Ewing|first1=Charles Patrick|last2=McCann|first2=Joseph T. |title= Minds on Trial: Great Cases in Law and Psychology |year= 2006|publisher= ] |location=Oxford, England |isbn= 978-0-19-518176-0}}
* {{cite book |last= Haycock|first=Dean A. |title= Murderous Minds: Exploring the Criminal Psychopathic Brain: Neurological Imaging and the Manifestation of Evil |publisher=Pegasus Books|location=New York City|year= 2014 |isbn= 978-1-60598-498-8}}
* {{cite book |last= Masters |first= Brian |author-link= Brian Masters |title= The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g31XGwAACAAJ |year= 1993 |publisher=]|location=London, England |isbn= 978-0-340-59194-9}}
* {{cite book |last= Norris |first= Joel |title= Jeffrey Dahmer |year= 1992 |publisher= ]|location=London, England|isbn= 978-0-09-472060-2}}
* {{cite book |last1= Ratcliff |first1= Roy |last2= Adams |first2= Lindy |title= Dark Journey, Deep Grace: Jeffrey Dahmer's Story of Faith |year= 2006 |publisher= ] |location=Abilene, Texas|isbn= 978-0-9767790-2-5}}
* {{cite book|last=Roy|first=Jody M.|title=Love to Hate|publisher=]|location=New York City|year=2002}}
* {{cite book |last= Schwartz |first= Anne E. |title= The Man Who Could Not Kill Enough |year= 1992 |publisher= ] |location=New York City|isbn= 978-1-55972-117-2 |url= https://archive.org/details/manwhocouldnotki00schw}}


==Further reading== == References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book |last= Blundell |first= Nigel |title= Encyclopedia of Serial Killers |year= 1996 |publisher= PRC Publishing|isbn= 978-1-85648-328-5}}
* {{cite book |last1= Lane |first1= Brian |last2= Gregg |first2= Wilfred |title= The Encyclopedia of Serial Killers |year= 1992 |isbn= 978-0-7472-3731-0}}
* {{cite book |last1= Mann |first1= Robert |last2=Williamson |first2= Miryam |title= Forensic Detective: How I Cracked the World's Toughest Cases |year= 2007 |publisher= Random House of Canada |isbn= 978-0-345-47942-6}}
* {{cite book |last= Pincus |first= Jonathan |title= Base Instincts: What Makes Killers Kill? |year= 2002 |publisher= W. W. Norton & Company |isbn= 978-0-393-32323-8}}


==External links== == External links ==
{{Commons category|Hillsong}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{Official website|http://www.hillsong.com/}}
{{Commons category|Jeffrey Dahmer}}
* of Jeffrey Dahmer's confession
* Contemporary detailing Dahmer's confession to detectives, as recited at his 1992 trial
* Contemporary pertaining to the trial of Jeffrey Dahmer
* ] with Lionel and Shari Dahmer
* The Estate of Konerak Sinthasomphone v. The City of Milwaukee:
* as published by the ]
* 1993 {{YouTube|iWjYsxaBjBI|CBS Interview of Jeffrey Dahmer}}
* {{IMDb name|0197213|Jeffrey Dahmer}}


{{Hillsong2}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Portal|Evangelical Christianity|}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dahmer, Jeffrey}}
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]

Revision as of 06:58, 8 April 2021

The neutrality of this article is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (December 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Church in Australia
Hillsong Church
Hillsong Convention Centre in the Norwest Business Park
CountryAustralia
DenominationHillsong, Evangelical, Charismatic
Weekly attendanceclaims 150,000 (World), 43,000 (Australia)
Websitehillsong.com
History
Founded1983
Clergy
Senior pastor(s)Brian and Bobbie Houston
Laity
Music group(s)
Hillsong Church
TheologyPentecostal
Members150,000
Places of worship80
Aid organizationHillsong City Care

Hillsong Church, commonly known as Hillsong, is a charismatic Christian megachurch based in Australia. The church, originally called Hills Christian Life Centre, was established in 1983 in Baulkham Hills, New South Wales, by Brian Houston and his wife Bobbie. The church is also known for its worship music, with groups such as Hillsong Worship, Hillsong United and Hillsong Young & Free. Until separating from it in 2018, Hillsong was a member of the Australian Christian Churches (the Australian branch of the Assemblies of God).

History

Hillsong is a megachurch that has been described by popular music scholar Tom Wagner as a "confluence of sophisticated marketing techniques and popular music". The music of Hillsong United and Hillsong Worship are credited with driving Hillsong's global popularity. Through the 1980s and 1990s, the congregation grew from 45 members to nearly 20,000 and emerged as a significant influence in the area of contemporary worship music. This was a result of strategic marketing that targeted younger generations and Hillsong's success at establishing itself as a global music standard.

Early Hills Christian Life Centre logo

Originally, services were held at the Baulkham Hills Public School hall. In 1997, the church moved into its new building at Baulkham Hills' Norwest Business Park. A new convention centre at the church's "Hills" location, was opened on 19 October 2002 by John Howard, the then Prime Minister of Australia. During the 1990s, Kiev Christian Life Centre, now Hillsong Kiev, and London Christian Life Centre, now Hillsong London, were planted from Hillsong Church as independent churches.

In March 2007, Hillsong Kiev planted an offshoot church in Moscow, which started regular services in July 2007. It was announced in October 2007 that Phil Dooley and Lucinda Dooley would plant a Hillsong Church in South Africa in March 2008. Hillsong Stockholm, Sweden, formerly known as Passion Church, was planted in 2008–2009.

In 2017, Hillsong announced it would be opening a church in Tel Aviv, Israel. Hillsong United featured Daher Nassar, a Palestinian Christian, in their music video Prince of Peace. The video was recorded live in Israel and shows a stone at the entrance of Nassar's farm, which has the words "We refuse to be enemies" written on it.

In 2018, it was announced that Hillsong would be expanding into Canada and Mexico, with the launch of Hillsong Toronto on 23 September 2018 and Hillsong Monterrey later that year.

In September 2018, Hillsong left the Australian Christian Churches (of which Houston had been national superintendent/president from 1997 to 2009) to become an autonomous denomination, identifying itself more as a global and charismatic church. According to both Hillsong and ACC, the parting was amicable.

In October 2020, they purchased the Festival Hall venue in Melbourne to become the home of Hillsong Church Melbourne City's weekly church services after undergoing renovations to better suit the new uses.

Statistics

Hillsong Church reports 150,000 members in 23 countries. In Australia, the denomination reported 30 churches and 43,000 members in 2018.

Organisation

Leadership

The founders, Brian and Bobbie Houston, are currently the global senior pastors of Hillsong Church. The church is governed by a board of elders. The elders lead the church spiritually as well as act as a board of directors. The members of "The Hillsong Eldership" are senior executive staff and business leaders from Hillsong's congregation. Elders are appointed for one year, with renewable terms.

Ministry

Hillsong's various ministries include Hillsong Music, Hillsong Kids, Hillsong Youth, Hillsong Sisterhood, Hillsong Men, Hillsong Conference, Hillsong CityCare, Hillsong International Leadership College, Hillsong Channel, TV & Film, Hillsong Performing Arts Academy and Hillsong Health Centre. Their total facilities are estimated to be worth around $100 million.

Hillsong Sisterhood

Bobbie Houston has been especially influential in Hillsong's ministry for women, called Sisterhood. She is a mentor to many of Hillsong's women leaders. Although Hillsong generally supports the traditional roles of wife and mother for women, the church's position is that their ministries "empower" women. Riches found via interviews with attendees that the ministries increased women's choice regarding around sexuality and child rearing; encouraged women to start small businesses and to take on promotions at work; facilitated women's participation in cultural events, as well as promoted women's voices in religious teaching and public life. Church members have described Hillsong's leadership development as a process that supports women's movement from timid, supportive wife into leadership roles within the Church. The Sisterhood is involved in issues like HIV, domestic violence and human trafficking. Their midweek gathering is primarily for women. It is attended by all female staff members and is the foundation of Hillsong's women's ministries. The Thursday meeting for mothers increasingly now includes businesswomen. They also have special quarterly "Sisterhood United" night meetings that include working women. Members of the church say that Bobbie's authority as a leader comes from "a pentecostal understanding of Spirit empowerment".

Hillsong City Care

In 1986 a social engagement program called CityCare was established offering various community services including personal development programs, counseling services, a health centre and youth mentoring. CityCare's "street teams" worked within the community to care for, feed and clothe the homeless. Also in 1986, the first Hillsong conference was held with 150 attendees. In 1999 Hillsong Church was founded when the Hills Christian Life Centre merged with the Sydney Christian Life Centre.

In July 2008, concerns were raised by some teachers, parents and experts about the Hillsong City Care Shine program for girls being run in New South Wales public schools, community groups and the juvenile justice system. The concerns include that the program is "inappropriate for troubled young women, that the under-qualified facilitators are reinforcing gender stereotypes and that some parents have not been properly informed" and that "the program encourages girls to be subservient by teaching them that they need to be attractive to men". Hillsong claimed that parents were supportive and that the program broke down barriers in a group situation. In a further response, Hillsong denied that the program had been used for evangelism, but a teacher's federation representative insisted that children had been exposed to religious content, such as people relating stories about finding religion and joining the Hillsong Church.

Beliefs

Hillsong was formerly affiliated with Australian Christian Churches (the Assemblies of God in Australia), part of Pentecostal Christianity. The church's beliefs are Evangelical and Pentecostal.

Hillsong's positions on non-central doctrines of the faith are diverse, although individuals may have taken a public stand on many topical issues in contemporary Christianity is in keeping with mainstream Pentecostalism – e.g. opposing embryonic stem cell research and abortion based on a belief that human life commences at conception. Hillsong has also declared support for Creationism and Intelligent Design and believes this should be taught in schools.

Hillsong's prosperity teachings have been criticised by Christian leaders Tim Costello and George Pell. Subsequent statements by Tim Costello indicated that he was satisfied with changes made by Brian Houston to Hillsong's teaching in response to criticism. Costello also wrote a foreword in Hillsong's 2019 annual report. Hillsong's teachings have been commented on favourably by Peter Costello, Tim Costello's brother, also a Baptist and a former Treasurer of Australia who has defended the church against accusations of unorthodoxy.

Music

Main articles: Hillsong Music, Hillsong musicians, List of Hillsong albums, and List of Hillsong songs

Hillsong Church has produced over 40 albums, which have sold over 11 million copies. Albums are produced for different target audiences including Hillsong Kids for children. Hillsong Chapel features acoustic arrangements, which are "quieter" than the electric guitar, keyboard and drums that are typical of Hillsong's music. Hillsong's albums are produced by Hillsong Music Australia. Hillsong's congregational music has been the dominant source of the church's influence in the Charismatic Christianity movement.

Music is central to worship at the church. Hillsong's worship leaders have generally enjoyed a high-profile international position. Early worship leaders included Geoff Bullock and Darlene Zschech. Zschech was Hillsong's second worship leader and Hillsong achieved international acclaim during her ministry. Zschech's "Shout to the Lord" was an early hit for Hillsong in mid-1990s. In 2008, Reuben Morgan became Hillsong's third worship leader.

Hillsong's worship music has been widely influential not only in Pentecostal churches, but more broadly in Evangelical churches. Many of Hillsong's "worship expressions" have been incorporated into Evangelical services including raised hands, vocal utterance and dance. Hillsong Music has released over 40 albums since 1992, many of them achieving gold status in Australia and one of them, People Just Like Us, achieving platinum status. The church's 2004 live praise and worship album For All You've Done reached No. 1 in the mainstream Australian album charts (ARIA).

In September 2012, Hillsong produced The Global Project, a collection of their most popular songs released in nine different languages including Spanish, Portuguese, Korean, Mandarin, Indonesian, German, French, Swedish and Russian.

Hillsong United

Main article: Hillsong United

Hillsong United is Hillsong's most popular band. Their song "Oceans (Where Feet May Fail)" was No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Christian Songs list for a full year. It was the No. 1 song on the Billboard Christian Songs chart in 2014 and 2016, No. 2 for 2015, and the No. 1 song of the 2010s decade. The New York Times described their music as "ornate mainstream arena rock but with God-only lyrics that are vetted for adherence to theology". Joel Houston, Hillsong's creative director, leads Hillsong United.

Hillsong Worship

Main article: Hillsong Worship

The Hillsong Worship albums, formerly led by Darlene Zschech and Reuben Morgan, all achieved gold status in Australia. The live album series was recorded at the Sydney campus(es) and then edited and produced by Hillsong Music Australia. The worship series began as a compilation of songs and developed into studio recorded albums. To help make Hillsong Music mainstream, an agreement with Warner Music Australia took place in 1999. In 2003, Sony Music Australia also signed with Hillsong Music to make the group even more mainstream. In 2018, Hillsong Worship won its first Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song for "What a Beautiful Name".

Hillsong Young & Free

Main article: Hillsong Young & Free

Hillsong Young & Free was established in 2012 as a new branch of Hillsong's ministry. Hillsong Church has been successful at adjusting the musical style of their ministries to keep up with changing musical trends. Hillsong Young & Free was launched to attract postmillennial youth worshippers. The style of music in this particular ministry reflects features of musical genres that are popular with this target demographic, including electronic dance music.

Hillsong Kids

Hillsong Kids were children's songs from Hillsong's children's ministry. The albums Jesus Is My Superhero and Super Strong God were included on Natalie Gillespie's "Best Christian Children's Albums" lists for 2005 and 2006, respectively (published in Christianity Today).

Hillsong Channel

Main article: Hillsong Channel

On 9 March 2016, the American religious broadcaster Trinity Broadcasting Network announced a partnership with Hillsong that saw their former sub-network, The Church Channel re-imaged as the Hillsong Channel on 1 June 2016.

Hillsong Conference

Main article: Hillsong Conference
Hillsong Conference 2021 Logo

Hillsong Conference is a mid-year week long annual conference in Sydney, London and New York later each year. First started in 1986, it has now grown to be the largest annual conference in Australia.

The conference is hosted by Hillsong Church and Lead Pastors Brian and Bobbie Houston, and involves a variety of guests from across the globe. Baptist minister Michael Frost described the conference as having, "a kind of electric, almost carnival atmosphere... the delegates were full of anticipation and excitement."

Other media

On 16 September 2016, the documentary Hillsong: Let Hope Rise, directed by Michael John Warren, was released to cinemas across the United States. The film explores Hillsong's beginnings and its rise to prominence as an international church. The main focus is on the band Hillsong United as they write songs for their upcoming album and work toward a performance at The Forum in Los Angeles.

Political influence

Hillsong Church has attracted support from high-profile politicians, especially from the Liberal Party of Australia. In 1998, Brian Houston met with then prime minister of Australia, John Howard, and most of his Cabinet, at Parliament House in Canberra before sharing prayers. In 2002, John Howard opened the Hillsong Convention Centre at the Baulkham Hills location. In 2004 and 2005, the then Treasurer of Australia, Peter Costello, spoke at its annual conferences. Mark Latham, the then Leader of the Opposition, declined Hillsong's invitation to the 2004 conference, although Bob Carr, the then Premier of New South Wales (from the NSW Labor Party), did attend the 2005 conference.

Liberal MP for Mitchell, Alan Cadman, and two Family First Party senate candidates, Joan Woods and Ivan Herald, who failed to win senate seats, were featured in a Hillsong circular during the election, with members being asked to pray for them.

Hillsong's high-profile involvement with political leaders has been questioned in the media, and publicly, the church has distanced itself from advocating certain political groups and parties, including the fledgling Family First party. Brian Houston has replied to these criticisms by stating, "I think people need to understand the difference between the church being very involved in politics and individual Christians being involved in politics."

In 2008, it was claimed by a Sydney inner city publication, Central Magazine, that Hillsong had donated A$600 to a Member of the Legislative Council, Kristina Keneally (ALP), for the tickets of a fundraising dinner, featuring the New South Wales' Planning Minister, Frank Sartor (ALP), as a guest speaker one month before the 2007 state election, despite Hillsong's own statement of corporate governance declaring that 'Hillsong Church does not make financial contributions to or align itself with any political party or candidate'. A Hillsong staff member, Maria Ieroianni, claimed that no donation had been made and that the dinner was not a fundraiser. Hillsong also issued a statement on their website denying that the money was a donation. According to the Central Magazine article, Keneally has described the dinner as a fundraiser and the money from Hillsong as a donation. The article also claims that these descriptions are confirmed by the records of the Electoral Commission.

Controversy

Hillsong has been criticised at various times. Concerns have been expressed by politicians, media, community groups, Christian leaders and former members. Criticisms have covered Hillsong's use of finances, its ties to controversial organisations, its treatment of critics and its alleged involvement in vote stacking of the Australian Idol TV show.

Criticism of finances

Pushes for a charity commission in Australia have stemmed from claims that religious organisations like Hillsong avoid taxes by paying their staff in tax-exempt fringe benefits. In 2010, The Sunday Telegraph reported that the Houston family was enjoying a lavish lifestyle, almost entirely tax-free, including vehicles and expense accounts. Criticisms have been levelled at Hillsong in regard to its finances, especially its use of government grants when it reportedly made $40 million in 2004 and $50 million in 2010. It was alleged that Hillsong had paid staff members with money given as a government grant for the assistance of the Riverstone Aboriginal community. However, letters of apology from both the Riverstone Aboriginal Community and from the minister of justice and customs, were later published on the Hillsong website.

Sexual abuse committed by founder's father

Main article: Frank Houston

Frank Houston, the father of Hillsong Church founder Brian Houston, was a pastor in New Zealand and Australia who abused as many as nine boys over the course of his ministry. In the 1960s and '70s, one victim was routinely subjected to sexual abuse from the age of 7 to 12. In 1999, his mother reported the abuse to the Assemblies of God denomination. Although Brian Houston, then National President of the Assemblies of God denomination in Australia, was legally obligated to report the crime, he did not do so. Brian Houston felt it was a reasonable excuse not to report the crime when the victim is an adult when the crime comes to light, and the victim does not want the crime reported. The victim later testified to the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse that Frank Houston offered him AU$10,000 as compensation at a McDonald's in the presence of Nabi Saleh. During an internal church investigation, Frank Houston eventually confessed to the crime. The commission also heard that he was involved in the sexual abuse of other children in New Zealand. Frank Houston resigned from his church in 2000, which now lacking a pastor, was merged into Hillsong Church. A further internal investigation by Assemblies of God in Australia, in conjunction with the Assemblies of God in New Zealand, found six additional child sexual abuse allegations, which were regarded as credible.

Mercy Ministries

Main article: Mercy Ministries

Hillsong has been criticised for its involvement with Mercy Ministries, an evangelical charity with a right to life view and a conservative perspective on homosexuality. Hillsong responded by praising the work of Mercy Ministries and stating that "we are not involved in the operational aspects of the organization." The church also said: "We have heard many wonderful testimonies about how the work of Mercy has helped the lives of young women facing often debilitating and life-controlling situations. Some would even say that Mercy Ministries has saved their life." Mercy Ministries in Australia was closed down on 31 October 2009, preceding which Hillsong had distanced itself from the organisation despite earlier funding and staffing elements of it.

Criticism from a former member

Hillsong's attitude towards criticism was portrayed negatively by one former member, Tanya Levin, in her book People in Glass Houses: An Insider's Story of a Life In and Out of Hillsong. Specific criticisms covered authoritarian church governance, lack of financial accountability, resistance to free thought, strict fundamentalist teachings and lack of compassion. In an interview with Andrew Denton, Levin further discussed her experience of Hillsong, which she described as "toxic Christianity".

Alleged vote stacking in Australian Idol

In 2007 Hillsong was alleged to have been involved in vote stacking Network Ten's Australian Idol, by tabloid TV show Today Tonight, a claim that Network Ten rejected. It was revealed that none of the finalists on Australian Idol were from Hillsong, with two being members of other unrelated Pentecostal Churches However, a Pastor from a different church indicated that some level of co-ordinated support of his church members on Australian Idol has taken place.

Michael Guglielmucci cancer scandal

Main article: This Is Our God

On 20 August 2008, Michael Guglielmucci, a then pastor of Influencers Church composed "Healer", a song about his experience of cancer. He was invited by Hillsong to add his song to the album This Is Our God. Later, he confessed that he had lied about having cancer. Hillsong leadership told the press they were unaware of this situation and that the suspended pastor was seeking professional help. The ACC promised that all money donated by listeners inspired by the song would either be returned or donated to charity. The track "Healer" has since then been removed from the track listing in future releases of the album.

Stance on homosexuality and same-sex marriage

In 2014, Brian Houston discussed being more understanding of gay people. Later, he clarified his position after being criticised by some Christians for allegedly supporting homosexuality. In a statement released on Hillsong's website, he stated: "Nowhere in my answer did I diminish biblical truth or suggest that I or Hillsong Church supported gay marriage."

Mark Driscoll appearance

American preacher Mark Driscoll had been invited to attend the Hillsong Church 2015 annual conference. When it was revealed that Driscoll had made offensive comments about women, Brian Houston announced that Driscoll would no longer attend the conference. A pre-recorded interview with Driscoll was played during the conference.

Carl Lentz rise and fall

Main article: Carl Lentz

Hillsong pastor Carl Lentz helped to lead Hillsong's first church in the United States, in New York. He befriended Justin Bieber, and developed a celebrity following.

Hillsong expanded on the East Coast under Lentz, but some members felt that it became unduly focused on fashion, and on servicing the desires of its pastors and its famous patrons. Church volunteers were allegedly expected to work long hours, and were reportedly treated as second-class citizens and gaslighted. Around 2017, two Hillsong volunteers who attempted to convey their concerns about Mr Lentz to Hillsong leadership were allegedly intercepted and dismissed.

In 2020, Hillsong fired Lentz after finding that Lentz had engaged in "more than one extra-marital affair" and was currently involved in one. Lentz's lover stated that Hillsong is not "genuine. That's the truth. It's a money machine ... and I think it's wrong ... I think is a victim of his own church. He gave his life to this church, and that's how they played him."

Since Lentz was fired, several former members of the church have come forward to accuse the church of being a cult, claiming that the leaders abuse employees and volunteers by treating them as "slave labour", and interfering with their personal lives, such as requiring them to "ask a pastor's permission to date." In November 2020, following testimony from Hillsong volunteers, Hillsong announced an independent investigation into concerns about the New York branch.

See also

References

  1. Casidy, Riza. "The rise and rise of Hillsong, and what other Australian churches should learn from them". The Conversation. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  2. "What is Hillsong?". Topics.
  3. ^ Wagner, Tom (2014). "Branding, Music, and Religion: Standardization and Adaptation in the Experience of the 'Hillsong Sound.'" In Religions as Brands: New Perspectives on the Marketization of Religion and Spirituality, edited by Jean-Claude Usunier and Jörg Stolz. Farnham, UK: Routledge. pp. 59–74. ISBN 978-1-4094-6755-7.
  4. ^ Tapper, Michael A. (11 May 2017). Canadian Pentecostals, the Trinity, and Contemporary Worship Music: The Things We Sing. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-34332-0.
  5. ^ Riches, Tanya; Wagner, Tom (2 November 2017). The Hillsong Movement Examined: You Call Me Out Upon the Waters. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-59656-3.
  6. The Sun-Herald, smh.com.au, Hillsong's true believers, Australia, 7 November 2004
  7. "Kyiv Evangelicals Open Hillsong Moscow Church". Religious Information Service of Ukraine. 24 July 2007. Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2007.
  8. http://www.dagen.se/dagen/article.aspx?id=162417 Archived 18 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Passion Church now named Hillsong Church Stockholm
  9. http://www.dagen.com/dagen/Article.aspx?ID=122339, Hillsong Church Stockholm Andreas Nielsen
  10. Gledhill, Ruth. "Hillsong To Open Its First Church in Israel, Pastor Brian Houston Announces on Instagram". Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  11. "Hillsong United features Palestinian Christians in Music Video". Bethlehem Bible College. 20 October 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  12. "Yes, this is Sunday Mass in Toronto". Toronto Life. 11 November 2018.
  13. Pitchford-English, Leila. "Facets of Faith: Australia's Hillsong heads to Baton Rouge". The Advocate. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  14. Leonardo Blair, Hillsong Church Becomes Own Denomination, Splits From Australia's Largest Pentecostal Group, The Christian Post, USA, 19 September 2018
  15. "Hillsong splits from denomination: 'we have no grief or dispute at all' - Premier". Premier. 19 September 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  16. Fuamoli, Words by Sose (26 October 2020). "Hillsong has bought Melbourne's iconic Festival Hall". triple j. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  17. "Hillsong Church Buys Iconic Melbourne Music Venue". The Music.
  18. Hillsong Church, About Us, hillsong.com, Australia, retrieved 30 May 2020
  19. "2018 Annual Report". Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  20. "Hillsong Church's Leadership". Hillsong Church. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
  21. The Sydney Morning Herald, "The lord's profits", 30 January 2003. Archived 4 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  22. James, Jonathan D. (4 February 2015). A Moving Faith: Mega Churches Go South. SAGE Publishing India. ISBN 978-93-5150-472-6.
  23. (Riches, T. 2016. The Sisterhood: Hillsong in a Feminine Key in Wagner and Riches. The Hillsong Movement Examined: You Call Me Out Upon the Waters. NY: Palgrave McMillan, p 100
  24. Hillsong's school grooming talks 'help girls', AU: ABC, 28 July 2008, archived from the original on 22 February 2009, retrieved 28 July 2008
  25. Bibby, Paul (26 July 2008), "Hillsong hits schools with beauty gospel", The Sydney Morning Herald, archived from the original on 7 October 2016, retrieved 28 July 2008
  26. "Shine: Demystifying the Beauty Myth". Hillsong Church. 29 July 2008. Archived from the original on 15 January 2009. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
  27. Bibby, Paul (30 July 2008). "Hillsong accused of closet zealotry". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
  28. "What We Believe". Hillsong Church. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  29. "He would like to see creationism taught in schools and abortion banned", The Sydney Morning Herald, 'The lord's profits' Archived 4 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine, 30 January 2003.
  30. "At Hillsong Church we believe that God created the world. In other words, the universe is a product of intelligent design. We also believe that science is part of humanity's search for truth, and it is therefore important for science curricula to include all valid viewpoints of the origins of life and the universe, including intelligent design." Hillsong statement 12 December 2005 Archived 27 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  31. "Statement 24 January 2006". Hillsong. Archived from the original on 13 May 2006. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  32. "The Assemblies of God in Australia stands with other religious leaders across the nation in its grave concerns over the recommendations of the Lockhart Review into stem cell research and human cloning released this week. 'We uphold the right for all human life, from fertilisation to death, to be protected and we believe the Committee's recommendations threaten this most basic of human rights', National President of the AOG in Australia, Brian Houston, said." Hillsong statement 21 December 2005 Archived 27 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  33. "The lord's profits", The Sydney Morning Herald, 30 January 2003, archived from the original on 4 June 2016, Homosexuals are, of course, unwelcome, but Houston says he's not a Fred Nile-type fanatic on these matters.
  34. McDonell, Stephen (9 July 2004). "Evangelist Christian vote wanted". Lateline. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 24 December 2006.
  35. "Hillsong's true believers". The Sydney Morning Herald. 7 November 2004. Retrieved 10 August 2006.
  36. "Costello's Hillsong", The Age, 6 July 2005, archived from the original on 12 May 2016, retrieved 18 July 2008
  37. "Hillsong Annual Report 2019". issuu. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  38. Lateline interview, "Costello addresses Hillsong congregation" Archived 31 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  39. ^ Coscarelli, Joe (14 September 2016). "'Hillsong' Casts a Secular Lens on an Evangelical Band". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  40. Donovan, Kevin (5 July 2006). "Hillsong Launches 20th Conference, New Album". The Christian Post. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
  41. "Australian Recording Artists Make ARIA Chart History" (Press release). Australian Recording Industry Association. 3 August 2004. Retrieved 21 June 2006.
  42. "Hillsong takes worship songs to the world". Christian Today. 27 August 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
  43. "Hot Christian Songs - Year-End 2014 - Billboard". Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  44. "Hot Christian Songs - Year-End 2016 - Billboard". Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  45. "Hot Christian Songs - Year-End 2015 - Billboard". Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  46. "Hot Christian Songs – Decade-End 2010s". Billboard. Retrieved 31 October 2019.
  47. "About us". Hillsong Church. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  48. "Australia's Hillsong musical group wins Grammy Award". 7 News. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  49. Gillespie, Natalie. "The Best Christian Children's Albums of 2005". Preaching.com. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
  50. Gillespie, Natalie. "The Best Christian Children's Albums of 2006". Preaching.com. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
  51. Gillespie, Natalie (January 2007). "The Best Christian Children's Albums of 2006". Christianity Today. Archived from the original on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
  52. Ong, Czarina (21 March 2016). "Hillsong Church to launch own TV channel to 'exalt Jesus and empower people' 24/7". Christian Today. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  53. "Christian Television Leader TBN Partnering With Hillsong in Launch of Innovative Worship Network" (Press release). Trinity Broadcasting Network & Hillsong Church. 9 March 2016. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  54. Frost, Michael (16 July 2011). "Hillsong shows it is in tune with the times". Manly Daily. ProQuest 876848999.
  55. Coscareli, Joe (14 September 2016). "'Hillsong' Casts a Secular Lens on an Evangelical Band". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
  56. Houston, Brian; Houston, Bobbie (2003). The Church That I See.…. Hillsong Church. p. 122.
  57. Houston, Brian; Houston, Bobbie (2003). The Church That I See.…. Hillsong Church. p. 142.
  58. Henderson, Gerard (19 October 2004). "Mock Christians at your peril, lefties". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 27 June 2006.
  59. Price, Sarah; Benns, Matthew (7 November 2004). "Hillsong's true believers". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 7 November 2008.
  60. "Politics goes to church at Hillsong". The Sydney Morning Herald. 4 July 2005. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
  61. "God and politics mix at Hillsong". The 7:30 Report. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
  62. Morris, Linda (4 May 2005). "Church expands horizons". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
  63. "Hillsong Denies Donation". REDWatch. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
  64. "Hillsong statement on corporate governance". .hillsong.com. Archived from the original on 28 January 2006. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  65. "Claims by Central Magazine - 12 March 2008". .hillsong.com. Archived from the original on 1 September 2008. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  66. "Hillsong Denies Donation". The 7:30 Report. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
  67. "Hillsong Emerge National Community Crime Prevention Funding". Parliament of New South Wales. Archived from the original on 23 February 2009. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
  68. Sexton, Jennifer (29 April 2006). "The High Cost of Faith". The Weekend Australian. News Limited. Archived from the original on 11 July 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  69. "No faith in charity". KooriWeb. Archived from the original on 3 December 2008. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
  70. "True Believers". The Australian. 7 November 2004. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
  71. Funaro, Vincent. "R. Albert Mohler Jr. Calls Hillsong a Prosperity Movement that Waters Down the Gospel". The Christian Post. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  72. "Hillsong success no miracle". The Australian. 1 August 2007. Archived from the original on 26 December 2008. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
  73. "Hillsong - the church with no answers". The Sydney Morning Herald. 4 August 2007. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
  74. ^ Shand, Adam (25 July 2010). "Tax office push for charity monitoring". SUNDAY HERALD SUN. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
  75. Shand, Adam (24 July 2010). "Taxpayers support lavish Hillsong lifestyle". The Sunday Telegraph. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  76. Ferguson, Adele (26 May 2005). "Pentecostal Churches Are Not Waiting to Inherit the Earth, They Are Taking it Now, Tax-Free". Business Review Weekly Magazine. Archived from the original on 15 May 2006.
  77. Higgins, Ean (19 November 2005). "No faith in charity". The Australian. In Hillsong Emerge's budget for the successful grant, $103,584 would go to the project co-ordinator's salary, $20,715 to the project co-ordinator's 'on-costs,' $46,800 to 'contract management, supervision and support,' $31,200 to 'administration, reception, book-keeping,' $8000 to 'evaluation,' and $7800 to 'IT-communications.' That accounts for more than half the grant, and the largest single allocation for actual activities is for 'sporting-recreational events at $18,000.
  78. "RACA Letter of Apology & Minister of Justice and Customs Letter". .hillsong.com.
  79. Zhou, Naaman (19 November 2018). "Sexual abuse victim pursues Hillsong's Brian Houston over crimes of his father". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  80. Hayes, Liz (19 November 2018). "60 Minutes: Victim of Hillsong Church founder's pedophile father says childhood was destroyed by sexual abuse". Nine News. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  81. ^ Box, Dan (9 October 2014). "Father of Hillsong founder given 'retirement package' after child abuse". The Australian. News Corp Australia. Frank Houston's resignation letter to the City Hillsong Church in November 2000 makes no mention of the allegations. "I hereby wish to tender my resignation ... as I feel it is time for (his wife) Hazel and I to enter retirement", says the letter.
  82. ^ Victim of Hillsong Church founder's father says childhood was destroyed by sexual abuse. 60 Minutes Australia. 19 November 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  83. "Hillsong founder Brian Houston refused to answer questions over father's child abuse, police told MPs - Preda Foundation, Inc". Preda Foundation, Inc. Brian Houston has defended not reporting his father's confession to police, stating he had a "reasonable excuse" because he said Sengstock had said he did not want to go to the authorities. He also said that because Sengstock was an adult when the abuse was first reported, it was his prerogative to report it. Sengstock has denied telling Houston not to go to the police.
  84. "Sexual abuse victim of Hillsong founder's father blasts PM for supporting Brian Houston". the Guardian. 28 October 2019. In an interview with 2GB host Ben Fordham on Thursday, Brian Houston said Sengstock told Houston he did not want the police informed, at the time the church leader found out about his father's abuse. "He told me that he didn't want the police involved," Houston said. "And the reality is that the law itself actually spells out that very circumstance – that if an adult victim doesn't want the police involved, that's a reasonable excuse for not including the police." Speaking to the New Daily later on Thursday, Sengstock denied he had said that.
  85. Browne, Rachel (23 November 2015). "Royal Commission sex abuse inquiry censures Hillsong head Brian Houston". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  86. McClellan, Ben (13 October 2014). "Hillsong leader Brian Houston breaks silence on paedophile father: 'It was wrong not to report him'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  87. Submissions of Counsel Assisting The Royal Commission. The Response of Australian Christian Churches and Affiliated Pentecostal Churches to Allegations of Child Sexual Abuse Case Study 18 (Report). 7 October 2014. Pastor Brian Houston said that his father spoke to him over a number of years about assuming the position of Senior Pastor at Sydney Christian Life Centre. In May 1999, Frank Houston suddenly retired from the position of Senior Pastor at Sydney Christian Life Centre and asked Pastor Brian Houston to take over his position. Pastor Brian Houston was the only nominee for Senior Pastor put to the Board of Sydney Christian Life Centre for approval. From May 1999 Pastor Brian Houston was the Senior Pastor of both churches for a period of 18 months. In that year the two churches merged and in 2001 were renamed Hillsong Church. Today Hillsong Church is an affiliate of the Australian Christian Churches, successor of the Assemblies of God.
  88. ^ Chettle, Nicole (7 October 2014). "Hillsong church head Brian Houston accused alleged child abuse victim of 'tempting' father, inquiry told". ABC News. AHA said he saw a television address by Brian Houston, who was now the senior Pastor of the church, around the year 2000 when he told the congregation that his father had been involved in a minor indiscretion in New Zealand 30 years ago. He said he was appalled that Brian Houston did not reveal the extent of allegations against his father, including his case. "He avoided using the term paedophilia", AHA said. "I thought it was corrupt that he had used the phrase 'involved in a minor indiscretion'. "As far as I was aware Pastor Frank was still preaching at this time and was also doing seminars."
  89. Davidson, Helen (23 November 2015). "Hillsong's Brian Houston failed to report abuse and had conflict of interest – royal commission". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  90. "Church failed to follow procedure for sex abuse allegations, royal commission hears". The Sydney Morning Herald. 9 October 2014. Frank Houston, the founder of the Sydney Christian Life Centre, which merged with his son Brian's Hills Christian Life Centre to become Hillsong Church, wrote to churchgoers in November 2000, informing them of his resignation due to "retirement". "I hereby wish to tender my resignation from the staff and eldership of the City Hillsong Church as I feel it is time for (my wife) Hazel and I to enter retirement", he wrote. "It has been a privilege to minister in the church and to work with you all." Minutes tendered to the commission show that at a November 2000 meeting of the senior ranks of the Assemblies of God, now known as Australian Christian Churches, it was agreed that Frank Houston should be thanked for "his immeasurable contribution to the church". The provision of "financial support" for Frank Houston and his wife was discussed at the same meeting.
  91. "Report on trip of John Lewis and Keith Ainge to New Zealand and Sydney, 28th 29th November 2000" (PDF). Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  92. Capone, Alesha (14 November 2007). "Borders passes the hat for anti-gay, pro-life charity". Crikey.com.au. Archived from the original on 16 January 2009. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  93. "Hillsong media response 18 March 2008". .hillsong.com. Archived from the original on 20 March 2008. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  94. "Mercy Ministries to close". The Sydney Morning Herald. 28 October 2009. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  95. Marr, David (13 April 2007). "Singing flat at Hillsong". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
  96. Marr, David (4 August 2007). "Hillsong - the church with no answers". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
  97. Enough Rope With Andrew Denton, Tanya Levin interview Archived 11 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  98. Nethercote, Jane. "Australian Idol: Where are the singing Buddhists?". Private Media Pty Ltd, Publishers of Crikey.com.au. Archived from the original on 24 October 2007. Retrieved 10 October 2007.
  99. Montgomery, Garth (10 October 2007). "Idol fans angry at vote bloc". News Limited. Archived from the original on 21 February 2009. Retrieved 10 October 2007.
  100. 'On Monday night Australian Idol issued a formal statement live on air to dismiss allegations that the finalists were members of Hillsong, as claimed by Channel 7's Today Tonight'Montgomery, Garth (10 October 2007). "Idol fans angry at vote bloc". News Limited. Archived from the original on 21 February 2009. Retrieved 10 October 2007.
  101. 'Today Tonight's been in there right from the beginning with the tough questions. They spoke to two former Hillsong members, "fallen angels in confession mode", about the church's tactics recently; how AOG pastors strongly urged members to watch Idol and vote for church-sanctioned contestants.'Nethercote, Jane. "Australian Idol: Where are the singing Buddhists?". Private Media Pty Ltd, Publishers of Crikey.com.au. Archived from the original on 24 October 2007. Retrieved 10 October 2007.
  102. 'Shirelive pastor Michael Murphy said he had been "unashamedly supporting Matt Corby and Tarisai Vushe as church family".'Montgomery, Garth (10 October 2007). "Idol fans angry at vote bloc". News Limited. Archived from the original on 21 February 2009. Retrieved 10 October 2007.
  103. "Hillsong Pastor Michael Guglielmucci on Today Tonight - YouTube". www.youtube.com.
  104. Lawrence, Elissa (24 August 2008). "Fake illness preacher Michael Guglielmucci told to go to police". news.com.au. Retrieved 24 August 2008.
  105. "Pop star pastor lied about cancer". National Nine News. 21 August 2008. Archived from the original on 22 August 2008. Retrieved 21 August 2008.
  106. "Hillsong Music Australia - This Is Our God - CD /DVD - Pre Order Now and receive free shipping! Released July 2008". 7 April 2008. Archived from the original on 7 April 2008.
  107. Resource, Youth Work (21 November 2008). "Hillsong – Healer". Youth Work Resource.
  108. "Hillsong megachurch pastor says church should be more understanding of gays". gaystarnews.com. 27 August 2013. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
  109. "Megachurch Pastor Signals Shift in Tone on Gay Marriage". The New York Times. 18 October 2014. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
  110. "Hillsong pastor Brian Houston denies gay marriage support". 20 October 2014. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
  111. "Re: recent media comments on homosexuality". Hillsong.com. October 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
  112. McKenny, Leesha (7 June 2015). "Hillsong Church cancels pastor Mark Driscoll's Australian visit after backlash". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  113. "Hillsong Church gives platform for 'penis house' preacher Mark Driscol". news.com.au. 1 July 2015.
  114. ^ Graham, Ruth (5 December 2020). "The Rise and Fall of Carl Lentz, the Celebrity Pastor of Hillsong Church". Retrieved 13 December 2020 – via NYTimes.com.
  115. ^ McHugh, Rich. ""He Is a Victim of His Own Church": Carl Lentz, Ranin Karim, and Hillsong's Unfurling Scandal". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  116. Hannah Frishberg (23 December 2020). "'It's a cult': Ex-Hillsong members claim church demanded 'slave labor'". New York Post.
  117. Dan Adler (24 December 2020). "Hillsong Church Faces New Allegations of Abusive Behavior". Vanity Fair.
  118. "Hillsong founder Brian Houston announces investigation after NYC pastor Carl Lentz's firing". Religion News Service. 12 November 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.

External links

Hillsong
Churches
Ministries
Music
Leadership
Other
Categories:
Hillsong Church: Difference between revisions Add topic