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Werdersch (High German also: Mundart der Weichselwerder) is a subdialect of Low Prussian, which belongs to Low German. The dialect was spoken in West Prussia, today in Poland. The Weichselwerder (Vistula river islands) were Żuławy Gdańskie between Wisła Gdańska and Gdańskie Wyżyny and Żuławy Malborskie between Vistula, Szkarpawa, Vistula Lagoon and Nogat. When Mennonites and other people from the Netherlands came into the area, where this subdialect is spoken, they first spoke Dutch, which was replaced, but kept as language of worship longer. Half of the Dutch there were Mennonites, the other half other Protestants. Though not all of them were from Holland, they were referred to as Hollanders. Also German colonists were referred to as Hollanders. Catherine the Great called Mennonite emigrants from the area to Russia. It is closely related to Mundart der Frischen Nehrung und der Danziger Nehrung. It is said, that Plautdietsch was spoken in this area even by non-Mennonites. Many of the Mennonites, that came to this area, spoke Low German. There were groups of Flemish Mennonites and Frisian Mennonites from the beginning of their settlement in this area. The division between Flemish Mennonites and Frisian Mennonites was religious rather than ethnic. The early Anabaptists from the province of Friesland at that time spoke Frisian. This division continued into Russia. Most of the founders of Molotschna and Chortitza colonies in Russia each were Flemish Mennonites speaking Werdersch. Most residents of Chortitza Colony were from Żuławy Malborskie (Großes Werder in German). Werdersch has alveolar r, like Mundart des Ostgebietes. Werdersch has at least in some words, long u as short u and long i as short i. Molotschna-Plautdietsch is part of Werdersch. In originally closed syllables excluding before original r, ld and lp, e is given as front vowel a. In contrast to Mundart der Frischen Nehrung und der Danziger Nehrung and Chortitza-Plautdietsch, it and Molotschna-Plautdietsch have High German au as au. Mundart der Frischen Nehrung und der Danziger Nehrung and Chortitza-Plautdietsch, it and Molotschna-Plautdietsch have no shortened u before p. Molotschna-Plautdietsch has dative, but no acccusative case. Molotschna-Plautdietsch is the dominant Plautdietsch variety in Fernheim Colony. Molotschna-Plautdietsch has ahn for them. Molotschna-Plautdietsch has the formal address using the pronoun of the third person, see. Molotschna-Plautdietsch has infinitive and plural both ending on -e. For verbs with two preterite forms, Molotschna-Plautdietsch mostly uses the velar from with au. It has the velar stem vowel of Dutch and a limited number of palatal preterite forms. Molotschna-Plautdietsch has habe for the infinitive have. Molotschna-Plautdietsch has palatalization given as c and ɟ, which probably used to exist in West Prussia as well. Werdersch has shortened u before gutturals. It has the preterite forms kam and nam. It has dorx for High German durch, English through. Molotschna-Plautdietsch is spoken in Mexico in Sommerfeld and by Kleine Gemeinde.

References

  1. https://chort.square7.ch/Buch/Mundart.pdf
  2. https://chor.square7.ch/0v916.pdf
  3. http://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=urn:gvn:EVDO02:NIOD05_6305&role=pdf
  4. http://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=urn:gvn:EVDO02:NIOD05_6305&role=pdf
  5. http://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=urn:gvn:EVDO02:NIOD05_6305&role=pdf
  6. http://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=urn:gvn:EVDO02:NIOD05_6305&role=pdf
  7. https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstream/handle/10012/4953/RMHG_in_Ontario_january_20_2010.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  8. https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstream/handle/10012/4953/RMHG_in_Ontario_january_20_2010.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  9. https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstream/handle/10012/4953/RMHG_in_Ontario_january_20_2010.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  10. https://chort.square7.ch/Buch/Mundart.pdf
  11. https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstream/handle/10012/4953/RMHG_in_Ontario_january_20_2010.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  12. https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstream/handle/10012/4953/RMHG_in_Ontario_january_20_2010.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  13. https://chort.square7.ch/Buch/Mundart.pdf
  14. https://chort.square7.ch/Buch/Mundart.pdf
  15. Heinrich Siemens: Plautdietsch. tweeback verlag, Bonn, p. 65
  16. Walther Ziesemer: Die ostpreußischen Mundarten Ferdinand Hirt, Breslau, 1924, p. 133
  17. Walther Ziesemer: Die ostpreußischen Mundarten Ferdinand Hirt, Breslau, 1924, p. 133
  18. Heinrich Siemens: Plautdietsch. tweeback verlag, Bonn , p. 51
  19. Heinrich Siemens: Plautdietsch. tweeback verlag, Bonn , p. 40
  20. Heinrich Siemens: Plautdietsch. tweeback verlag, Bonn, p. 41
  21. Heinrich Siemens: Plautdietsch. tweeback verlag, Bonn, p. 42
  22. Heinrich Siemens: Plautdietsch. tweeback verlag, Bonn, p. 149
  23. Heinrich Siemens: Plautdietsch. tweeback verlag, Bonn, p. 149
  24. Heinrich Siemens: Plautdietsch. tweeback verlag, Bonn , p. 151
  25. Heinrich Siemens: Plautdietsch. tweeback verlag, Bonn , p. 153
  26. Heinrich Siemens: Plautdietsch. tweeback verlag, Bonn , p. 168
  27. Heinrich Siemens: Plautdietsch. tweeback verlag, Bonn , p. 176
  28. Heinrich Siemens: Plautdietsch. tweeback verlag, Bonn , p. 179
  29. Heinrich Siemens: Plautdietsch. tweeback verlag, Bonn , p. 181
  30. Heinrich Siemens: Plautdietsch. tweeback verlag, Bonn , p. 97
  31. Walther Mitzka. Kleine Schriften. Walter de Gruyter & Co., 1968, p. 218
  32. Walther Ziesemer: Die ostpreußischen Mundarten Ferdinand Hirt, Breslau, 1924, p. 132
  33. Walther Ziesemer: Die ostpreußischen Mundarten Ferdinand Hirt, Breslau, 1924, p. 133
  34. Carsten Brandt:Sprache und Sprachgebrauch der Mennoniten in Mexiko Elwert, Marburg, 1992, p. 252

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