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=== Expansion === === Expansion ===
The launch of ''Jagran''<nowiki/>'s Gorakhpur edition marked the beginning of a period of rapid expansion. In 1979, the newspaper launched two editions in Lucknow and ].<ref name=":1222" /> Vinod Shukla was hired to oversee the Lucknow edition and help them force its way into the Lucknow market, where the newspaper faced intense competition and pressures from trade unions.<ref name=":2223" /> The Allahabad edition was shifted to Varanasi in 1981. The newspaper then entered the circulation area of '']'', launching a ] edition in 1984, a ] edition in 1986 and a ] edition in 1989.<ref name=":1222" /> In 1989–90, ] which dominated the circulation in Lucknow discontinued all its editions except the ] and Delhi editions after being hit by an eight month long shut-down in the cities of Lucknow and ]. The discontinuation allowed ''Jagran'' to rapidly increase its circulation in the Lucknow region with minimal hindrance.<ref name=":22222">{{Cite book |last=Ninan |first=Sevanti |url= |title=Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere |date= |publisher=] |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-7829-971-6 |pages=44–45 |language=en |author-link=Sevanti Ninan}}</ref> The launch of ''Jagran''<nowiki/>'s Gorakhpur edition marked the beginning of a period of rapid expansion. In 1979, the newspaper launched two editions in Lucknow and ].<ref name=":1222" /> Vinod Shukla was hired to oversee the Lucknow edition and help them force its way into the Lucknow market, where the newspaper faced intense competition and pressures from trade unions.<ref name=":2223" /> The Allahabad edition was shifted to Varanasi in 1981. The newspaper then entered the circulation area of '']'', launching a ] edition in 1984, a ] edition in 1986 and a ] edition in 1989.<ref name=":1222" /> In 1989–90, ] which dominated the circulation in Lucknow discontinued all its editions except the ] and Delhi editions after being hit by an eight month long shut-down in the cities of Lucknow and ]. The discontinuation allowed ''Jagran'' to rapidly increase its circulation in the Lucknow region with minimal hindrance.<ref name=":22222">{{Cite book |last=Ninan |first=Sevanti |url= |title=Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere |date= |publisher=] |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-7829-971-6 |pages=44–45 |language=en |author-link=Sevanti Ninan}}</ref>

Uttar Pradesh between 1989 and 1992 had severe ] tension as a consequence of the ] and ''Jagran'' took advantage of it by pandering to communal sentiments in order to establish itself as the dominant newspaper in the state.<ref name=":222224">{{Cite book |last=Ninan |first=Sevanti |url= |title=Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere |date= |publisher=] |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-7829-971-6 |pages=224–225 |language=en |author-link=Sevanti Ninan}}</ref> During the ], ''Jagran'' began asking readers through news reports and editorials to take a stand. It adopted an openly pro-] line, helped disseminate Hindutva opinions and presented an skewed and exaggerated accounts of opposition to the movement.<ref name=":222222">{{Cite book |last=Ninan |first=Sevanti |url= |title=Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere |date= |publisher=] |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-7829-971-6 |pages=223–224 |language=en |author-link=Sevanti Ninan}}</ref> ], the Chairman of the ] was granted a nomination and elected to the ] by the Bharatiya Janata Party. The newspaper among most others, was dominated by ]<nowiki/>s, took an adversarial stance towards the emergence of backward caste movements. In 1994, the offices of ''Jagran'' as well as those of '']'' were attacked by followers of ] in an incident known as the ''Halla Bol.''<ref name=":12222" />


The Delhi edition of the ''Daink Jagran'' was launched in 1990''.'' According to the then Chairman of ], ], his executives had advised him that in order to make ''Jagran'' a national newspaper, they had to launch an edition in Delhi.<ref name=":1222" /> From the 1990s onwards, established Hindi language newspapers such as the ''Dainik Jagran'' and the '']'' went on a multi edition expansion beyond their home states, motivated by the prospects of revenues that could be obtained by offering increased overall readership figures to advertisers.<ref name=":0" /> The second and third generation of the proprietors adopted a strategy of expansion and localisation for the newspaper.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ninan |first=Sevanti |url= |title=Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere |date= |publisher=] |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-7829-971-6 |pages=20 |language=en |author-link=Sevanti Ninan}}</ref> The expansion efforts by the established newspapers led to increased localisation of news content across ] but severely harmed stand-alone local newspaper who weren't able to compete in production or offers to advertisers.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Ninan |first=Sevanti |url= |title=Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere |date= |publisher=] |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-7829-971-6 |pages=14 |language=en |author-link=Sevanti Ninan}}</ref> The Delhi edition of the ''Daink Jagran'' was launched in 1990''.'' According to the then Chairman of ], ], his executives had advised him that in order to make ''Jagran'' a national newspaper, they had to launch an edition in Delhi.<ref name=":1222" /> From the 1990s onwards, established Hindi language newspapers such as the ''Dainik Jagran'' and the '']'' went on a multi edition expansion beyond their home states, motivated by the prospects of revenues that could be obtained by offering increased overall readership figures to advertisers.<ref name=":0" /> The second and third generation of the proprietors adopted a strategy of expansion and localisation for the newspaper.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ninan |first=Sevanti |url= |title=Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere |date= |publisher=] |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-7829-971-6 |pages=20 |language=en |author-link=Sevanti Ninan}}</ref> The expansion efforts by the established newspapers led to increased localisation of news content across ] but severely harmed stand-alone local newspaper who weren't able to compete in production or offers to advertisers.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Ninan |first=Sevanti |url= |title=Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere |date= |publisher=] |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-7829-971-6 |pages=14 |language=en |author-link=Sevanti Ninan}}</ref>

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Indian Hindi language daily newspaper

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Dainik Jagran
Front page, 28 March 2010
TypeDaily newspaper
FormatBroadsheet
Owner(s)Jagran Prakashan Limited
Founded1942; 83 years ago (1942)
LanguageHindi
HeadquartersKanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
CountryIndia
Circulation34 lakh (3.4 million) daily (as of July–December 2018)
OCLC number416871022
Websitejagran.com

Dainik Jagran (lit. transl. Daily awakening) is an Indian Hindi language daily newspaper. It was ranked 5th in the world and 2nd in India by circulation in 2016. In 2019 Quarter 4, according to Indian Readership Survey, Dainik Jagran reported a total readership of 6.86 crore (68.6 million) and was the top publication. It is owned by Jagran Prakashan Limited, a publishing house listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India.

History

Early history

Dainik Jagran was established in Jhansi by Puranchand Gupta and first published in 1942. Prior to this, Gupta worked as the managing editor of a local magazine and would frequently visit Bombay to get advertisements for it which gave him the required connections and confidence to start a new daily newspaper. Following its establishment, Jagran briefly suspended its publication during the Quit India Movement but resumed soon afterwards. In 1946, Gupta decided to launch the newspaper in Lucknow, which was the capital of United Provinces. In preparation for the launch, he acquired a building on rent and sent machinery to be set up there but soon learned that the newspapers National Herald and Pioneer were in the midst of launching their first Hindi language editions Navjeevan and Swatantra Bharat in the same city. It prompted Gupta quickly changed his plans with the decision to launch the newspaper in Kanpur instead. The machinery was diverted to Kanpur, new premises rented out and the newspaper launched on 21 September 1947. Dainik Jagran took a right wing pro-Hindutva line from its inception.

The newspaper was faced with financial problems in the beginning and Gupta had to borrow from his family to keep it running. He took to cutting down on editorial costs by relying on syndicates which offered articles at cheaper rates and by getting free article submissions from political players and activists who were hungry for publicity. He was on constant visits to metropolitan cities to sell advertisement space on the newspaper, and hired reporters on a part time basis during his visits for newsgathering in those cities.

By the mid 1950s, Gupta had started making pitches for advertisements and advertising the Dainik Jagran itself. He registered the newspaper at the Registrar of Newspapers for India, joined the industry body Audit Bureau of Circulation and also joined the publisher's club Indian and Eastern Newspaper Society (IENS) where he became an executive member by 1960. In the meantime, P. D. Gupta who was the younger brother of Puranchand launched two editions of the newspaper in Madhya Pradesh; the Rewa edition in 1953 and the Bhopal edition in 1956.

Conflict with Aj

In 1975, Dainik Jagran launched its Gorakhpur edition and brought it into direct conflict with the newspaper Aj. The Kanpur edition, run by Puranchand Gupta was covering four neighbouring districts from the city and had reached a limit where it could no longer increase its circulation in the regional market. The newspaper had become financially secure and had liquid funds at hand, which led Gupta's sons to encourage him into looking at expansion. They had thought of Gorakhpur was the first place to go as it did have any newspaper or an edition that was based in the city at that time. Gorakhpur was instead being covered by the Varanasi-based Aj and the city lay within its circulation area. Aj itself had a monetary surplus and its editor Vinod Shukla was looking to expand the newspaper as he saw a single edition newspaper in Uttar Pradesh to be unviable in the long term. Shukla who had visited Kanpur in 1974 found Jagran to have carried very substandard content and expected an expansion attempt in the city to be easy. The paper had brought out printing machines for Kanpur in December and responded almost immediately after Jagran's Gorakhpur launch by launching its own Kanpur edition in April 1975.

The Kanpur edition of Aj had launched only two months before the imposition of Emergency rule and subsequent press censorship. Shivprasad Gupta, the owner of Aj was unsure about the expansion but Shukla supported by Gupta's son used the period as an opportunity to consolidate the newspaper. The Emergency created a demand for critical journalism which the newspaper provided and enabled it to make an entry into Jagran's market share. On the streets of Kanpur, fights broke out between men hired by the two newspapers who used weapons such as batons and improvised firearms against each other for control over offices, territory and distribution. In midst of the conflict hawkers gained significant influence over the newspapers; initially Aj was charged a commission rate of 20% while Jagran was charged 30%, but the hawkers forced the former to increase its rate over the latter, marking the beginning of a period of fierce negotiations over commission rates and recurrent increases in the rates for both newspapers. Eventually the conflict ended when the two newspapers decided to join hands against the hawkers and pushed the commission rate back down to a fixed 30%.

Expansion

The launch of Jagran's Gorakhpur edition marked the beginning of a period of rapid expansion. In 1979, the newspaper launched two editions in Lucknow and Allahabad. Vinod Shukla was hired to oversee the Lucknow edition and help them force its way into the Lucknow market, where the newspaper faced intense competition and pressures from trade unions. The Allahabad edition was shifted to Varanasi in 1981. The newspaper then entered the circulation area of Amar Ujala, launching a Meerut edition in 1984, a Agra edition in 1986 and a Bareilly edition in 1989. In 1989–90, Navbharat Times which dominated the circulation in Lucknow discontinued all its editions except the Bombay and Delhi editions after being hit by an eight month long shut-down in the cities of Lucknow and Patna. The discontinuation allowed Jagran to rapidly increase its circulation in the Lucknow region with minimal hindrance.

Uttar Pradesh between 1989 and 1992 had severe communal tension as a consequence of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement and Jagran took advantage of it by pandering to communal sentiments in order to establish itself as the dominant newspaper in the state. During the Ram Rath Yatra, Jagran began asking readers through news reports and editorials to take a stand. It adopted an openly pro-Bharatiya Janata Party line, helped disseminate Hindutva opinions and presented an skewed and exaggerated accounts of opposition to the movement. Narendra Mohan, the Chairman of the Jagran Prakashan was granted a nomination and elected to the Rajya Sabha by the Bharatiya Janata Party. The newspaper among most others, was dominated by upper castes, took an adversarial stance towards the emergence of backward caste movements. In 1994, the offices of Jagran as well as those of Amar Ujala were attacked by followers of Mulayam Singh Yadav in an incident known as the Halla Bol.

The Delhi edition of the Daink Jagran was launched in 1990. According to the then Chairman of Jagran Prakashan, Yogendra Mohan Gupta, his executives had advised him that in order to make Jagran a national newspaper, they had to launch an edition in Delhi. From the 1990s onwards, established Hindi language newspapers such as the Dainik Jagran and the Dainik Bhaskar went on a multi edition expansion beyond their home states, motivated by the prospects of revenues that could be obtained by offering increased overall readership figures to advertisers. The second and third generation of the proprietors adopted a strategy of expansion and localisation for the newspaper. The expansion efforts by the established newspapers led to increased localisation of news content across Hindi belt but severely harmed stand-alone local newspaper who weren't able to compete in production or offers to advertisers.

Jagran launched its Aligarh edition in 1993, the Dehradun edition in 1997 and the Jalandhar edition in 1999. In National Readership Survey of 1999, Dainik Jagran was the first and only Hindi language newspaper that featured in the top 5 newspapers in terms of readership, at a time when newspapers from southern India dominated the readership figures. When Uttaranchal became a state and Dehradun its capital, Dainik Jagran’s circulation experienced a four fold growth in the new state due to the increased commercial importance of the state's capital.

In 2003, several other city editions were added. The cities included Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, Panipat and Bhagalpur. In 2004, Haldwani and Ludhiana Editions were also launched. Muzaffarpur, Jammu and Dharamshala editions came in 2005.

Criticism

Dainik Jagran observed silence over Delhi violence and was accused of suppressing the incident.

Dainik Jagran is also accused of running false narratives in support of the BJP government. It ran a news covering Hathras gangrape and murder incident declaring it as a false case of rape and tried to defend the rapists which were later refuted by the CBI when it said that gangrape did occur and the state tried to do a cover-up.

Dainik Jagran is accused of running smear campaigns against Indian mathematician and educationalist, Anand Kumar printing false news about his institution called Super 30.

See also

References

  1. "Highest Circulated Daily Newspapers (language wise)" (PDF). Audit Bureau of Circulations. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
  2. Aneez, Z.; Chattapadhyay, S.; Parthasarathi, V.; Nielsen, R. K. (2016). "Digital Transition of Newspapers in India: Dainik Jagran, Hindustan Times, and Malayala Manorama". Indian Newspapers' Digital Transition. Centre for Internet and Society. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism – via University of Oxford.
  3. "Details of most circulated publications for the audit period Jan – Jun 2016" (PDF). Audit Bureau of Circulations. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  4. "INDIAN READERSHIP SURVEY 2019 Q4" (PDF). Indian Readership Survey.
  5. Nag, Tirthankar; Basu, Rituparna; Dasgupta, Buroshiva (1 January 2017). "Dainik Jagran: sustaining leadership in the newspaper industry". Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies. 7 (1): 1–36. doi:10.1108/EEMCS-05-2016-0083. ISSN 2045-0621.
  6. Ninan, Sevanti (2007). Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere. SAGE Publications. pp. 54–56. ISBN 978-81-7829-971-6.
  7. ^ Ninan, Sevanti (2007). Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere. SAGE Publications. p. 17. ISBN 978-81-7829-971-6.
  8. ^ Ninan, Sevanti (2007). Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere. SAGE Publications. p. 56. ISBN 978-81-7829-971-6.
  9. Ninan, Sevanti (2007). Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere. SAGE Publications. pp. 62–63. ISBN 978-81-7829-971-6.
  10. ^ Ninan, Sevanti (2007). Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere. SAGE Publications. pp. 92–93. ISBN 978-81-7829-971-6.
  11. ^ Ninan, Sevanti (2007). Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere. SAGE Publications. pp. 57–58. ISBN 978-81-7829-971-6.
  12. ^ Ninan, Sevanti (2007). Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere. SAGE Publications. pp. 58–59. ISBN 978-81-7829-971-6.
  13. Ninan, Sevanti (2007). Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere. SAGE Publications. p. 269. ISBN 978-81-7829-971-6.
  14. Ninan, Sevanti (2007). Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere. SAGE Publications. pp. 44–45. ISBN 978-81-7829-971-6.
  15. Ninan, Sevanti (2007). Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere. SAGE Publications. pp. 224–225. ISBN 978-81-7829-971-6.
  16. Ninan, Sevanti (2007). Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere. SAGE Publications. pp. 223–224. ISBN 978-81-7829-971-6.
  17. ^ Ninan, Sevanti (2007). Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere. SAGE Publications. p. 14. ISBN 978-81-7829-971-6.
  18. Ninan, Sevanti (2007). Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere. SAGE Publications. p. 20. ISBN 978-81-7829-971-6.
  19. Ninan, Sevanti (2007). Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere. SAGE Publications. p. 16. ISBN 978-81-7829-971-6.
  20. Ninan, Sevanti (2007). Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere. SAGE Publications. p. 196. ISBN 978-81-7829-971-6.
  21. "History of Dainik Jagran Newspaper | Newspaper Advertising Encyclopedia". 6 June 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  22. "Jagran ignores Delhi violence, Ujala leads with it — a look at front pages of Hindi press". The print.
  23. David, Supriti. "How Dainik Jagran and TOI's Lucknow editions ignored the Hathras rape". Newslaundry. Retrieved 22 October 2021.
  24. Amarnath Tewary (22 August 2018). "Bihar Super-30 founder faces smear campaign". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2019. When asked who is behind all this, he quipped, "everyone knows in Patna who is he…why should I take his name?" Is he former DGP Abhyanand who was earlier associated with Super-30 for five years?, Mr. Kumar did not respond.

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