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2024 United States Senate elections

← 2022 November 5, 2024 2026 →
34 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate 51 seats needed for a majority
Leader Chuck Schumer Mitch McConnell Party Democratic Republican Leader since January 3, 2017 January 3, 2007 Leader's seat New York Kentucky Current seats 48 49 Seats needed 2 (or 1 + VP) Seats up 20 11   Party Independent Current seats 3 Seats up 3
Map of the incumbents:      Democratic incumbent      Democratic incumbent retiring      Republican incumbent      Republican incumbent retiring      Independent incumbent      No election Rectangular inset (Nebraska): both seats up for election
Incumbent Majority Leader Chuck Schumer Democratic

The 2024 United States Senate elections are scheduled to be held on November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States elections. 33 of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate will be contested in regular elections, the winners of which will serve 6-year terms in the U.S. Congress from January 3, 2025, to January 3, 2031, and one special election will be held to complete an unexpired term ending January 3, 2027. Senators are divided into three classes whose terms are staggered so that a different class is elected every two years. Class 1 senators, who were last elected in 2018, will be up for election again in 2024. Numerous other federal, state, and local elections, including the U.S. presidential election and elections to the House, will also be held on this date.

As of May 2023, 19 senators (13 Democrats, 5 Republicans, and 1 independent) have announced plans to run for re-election. One Republican, Mike Braun, and four Democrats, Ben Cardin, Tom Carper, Dianne Feinstein, and Debbie Stabenow, have announced their plans for retirement. Another Republican, Ben Sasse, resigned early to accept a position as president of the University of Florida; Nebraska governor Jim Pillen appointed Pete Ricketts as the state's interim senator and a special election will take place concurrently with the 2024 regular Senate elections to fill the seat for the remainder of the term.

The map for these elections, like in the previous Class 1 Senate election in 2018, is considered by elections analysts to be unfavorable to Democrats, who will be defending 23 of the 33 seats of Class 1. Three Democrats in this class represent states won by Donald Trump in both 2016 and 2020 (Montana, Ohio, and West Virginia), while no Republicans represent states won by Joe Biden in 2020. Further, Democrats are defending seats in six states that Biden won by a single-digit margin (Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Nevada, Michigan, Minnesota, and Maine) while Republicans are defending only two seats in states that Trump won by a single-digit margin (Florida and Texas). Additionally, Kyrsten Sinema's first term is ending in Arizona, a state that Biden won by less than half a point in 2020; before the end of the 117th Congress, Sinema left the Democratic Party and became an independent, and it is currently unclear whether national Democrats will support her re-election campaign, if she chooses to run, or back a Democrat. In the two previous Senate election cycles that coincided with presidential elections (2016 and 2020), only one senator (Republican Susan Collins of Maine in 2020) was elected in a state that was won by the presidential nominee of the opposite party.

Partisan composition

All 33 Class 1 Senate seats and one Class 2 seat are up for election in 2024; Class 1 currently consists of 20 Democrats, 3 independents who caucus with the Senate Democrats, and 10 Republicans. If another vacancy occurs in other Class 2 or Class 3 Senate seats, that state might require a special election to take place during the 118th Congress, possibly concurrently with the other 2024 Senate elections.

Change in composition

Each block represents one of the one hundred seats in the U.S. Senate. "D#" is a Democratic/active senator, "I#" is an Independent senator, and "R#" is a Republican/active senator. They are arranged so that the parties are separated, and a majority is clear by crossing the middle.

Before the elections

Each block indicates an incumbent senator's actions going into the election.

After the elections

Predictions

Several sites and individuals published predictions of competitive seats. These predictions looked at factors such as the strength of the incumbent (if the incumbent was running for reelection) and the other candidates, and the state's partisan lean (reflected in part by the state's Cook Partisan Voting Index rating). The predictions assigned ratings to each seat, indicating the predicted advantage that a party had in winning that seat. Most election predictors used:

• "tossup": no advantage
• "tilt" (used by some predictors): advantage that is not quite as strong as "lean"
• "lean" or "leans": slight advantage
• "likely": significant, but surmountable, advantage
• "safe" or "solid": near-certain chance of victory

Retirements

As of June 2023, five senators have announced plans to retire.

Race summary

Special elections during the preceding Congress

In each special election, the winner's term begins immediately after their election is certified by their state's government.

Elections are sorted by date then state.

Elections leading to the next Congress

In these general elections, the winners will be elected for the term beginning January 3, 2025.

Arizona

One-term independent Kyrsten Sinema was elected in 2018 as a Democrat with 50.0% of the vote. She left the Democratic Party in December 2022. She has filed paperwork to run for a second term, but has not made an official announcement. Sinema has received a cross-party endorsement from Republican Senator Lisa Murkowski.

Due to Sinema's opposition to some of President Joe Biden's agenda, she is considered vulnerable to challengers from the Democratic Party, with U.S. Representative Ruben Gallego running for the Democratic nomination.

Among Republicans, Pinal County Sheriff Mark Lamb has announced his candidacy. 2022 gubernatorial nominee Kari Lake, 2022 Senate nominee Blake Masters, 2022 Attorney General nominee Abraham Hamadeh, and solar panel manufacturer Jim Lamon are considering running for the Republican nomination. Former Governor Doug Ducey stated that he is unlikely to run.

California

Five-term Democrat Dianne Feinstein was re-elected in 2018 with 54.2% of the vote against another Democrat. On February 14, 2023, Feinstein announced that she will not seek re-election to a sixth term.

Democratic U.S. Representatives Barbara Lee, Katie Porter, and Adam Schiff are running for the seat. On June 29, 2023, billionaire tech executive Lexi Reese announced her candidacy as a Democrat.

Attorney Eric Early, educator Denice Gary-Pandol, and contract administrator Roxanne Lawler are running as Republicans.

Former professional baseball player Steve Garvey is also considering running as a Republican.

Connecticut

Two-term Democrat Chris Murphy was re-elected in 2018 with 59.5% of the vote. Murphy has announced he is running for a third term.

Delaware

Four-term Democrat Tom Carper was re-elected in 2018 with 60.0% of the vote. He is retiring and will not run for a fifth term.

Delaware's at-large U.S. Representative Lisa Blunt Rochester is running for the Democratic nomination to succeed Carper, who endorsed her when he announced his retirement.

Term-limited Governor John Carney is also considered a possible Democratic candidate.

Florida

Former Governor and incumbent one-term Republican Rick Scott was narrowly elected in 2018 with 50.06% of the vote. He is running for reelection to a second term. However, due to his role in a worse-than-expected midterm for Republicans, Scott is seen as potentially vulnerable to a primary challenge. Brevard County Assistant District Attorney Keith Gross is expected to announce a primary challenge against Scott, with U.S. Representative Byron Donalds being seen as another potential candidate for the Republican nomination.

Potential Democratic candidates include former U.S. Representatives Stephanie Murphy and Debbie Mucarsel-Powell, state Senator Shevrin Jones, Hillsborough County State's Attorney Andrew H. Warren, Brevard County School Board Trustee Jennifer Jenkins, and former professional basketball players Grant Hill and Dwyane Wade.

Hawaii

Two-term Democrat Mazie Hirono was re-elected in 2018 with 71.2% of the vote. Hirono is running for a third term.

Indiana

One-term Republican Mike Braun was elected in 2018 with 50.8% of the vote. Braun is retiring to prepare to run for Governor of Indiana instead. U.S. representative Jim Banks is running, while former representative Trey Hollingsworth and state Attorney General and 2018 Senate candidate Todd Rokita are all seen as potential candidates for the Republican nomination to succeed Braun.

Indianapolis Mayor Joe Hogsett, a former Indiana Secretary of State and former chair of the Indiana Democratic Party, is seen as a potential candidate for the Democratic nomination.

Maine

Two-term Independent incumbent Angus King was re-elected in 2018 with 54.3% of the vote in a three candidate election. He intends to run for a third-term despite previously hinting that he may retire.

Democratic consultant David Costello has announced he is challenging King. U.S. Representative Jared Golden (ME-02) is considered a potential candidate for the Democratic nomination.

Maryland

Three-term Democrat Ben Cardin was re-elected in 2018 with 64.9% of the vote. On May 1, 2023, Cardin announced he is not running for reelection.

Democratic U.S. Representative David Trone, Prince George's County Executive Angela Alsobrooks, Montgomery County Councilor at-large Will Jawando, and perennial candidate Jerome Segal have announced that they will run. U.S. Representative Jamie Raskin and telecommunications executive Juan Dominguez are considering running for the Democratic nomination.

Former state delegate Robin Ficker and perennial candidate Ray Bly are running as Republicans. Former Lieutenant Governor and Republican National Committee Chair Michael Steele, U.S. Representative Andy Harris, and state Delegate Kathy Szeliga are seen as potential Republican candidates. Former Governor Larry Hogan declined to run.

Massachusetts

Two-term Democrat Elizabeth Warren was re-elected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. On March 27, 2023, Warren announced that she is running for re-election.

Former Lieutenant Governor Karyn Polito (2015–2023) is seen as a potential candidate for the Republican nomination.

Michigan

Four-term Democrat Debbie Stabenow was re-elected in 2018 with 52.3% of the vote. She is retiring, and will not run for a fifth term. Representative Elissa Slotkin, State Board of Education President Pamela Pugh, and state Representative Leslie Love have announced their candidacies for the Democratic nomination. Businessman and 2006 Republican candidate for this seat Nasser Beydoun has also declared his candidacy as a Democrat. Actor Hill Harper has publicly expressed interest in running as a Democrat.

State Board of Education Trustee Nikki Snyder is running for the Republican nomination. Another potential Republican candidate is former representative Mike Rogers .

New York Stock Exchange Vice President John Tuttle, Representatives Bill Huizenga and Lisa McClain, former Representative Peter Meijer, state Senator Ruth Johnson, 2022 gubernatorial candidate Kevin Rinke, and former Detroit Chief of Police James Craig are also considered possible Republican candidates.

Representative John James, the Republican nominee for this seat in 2018 and for Michigan's other Senate seat in 2020, declined to run.

Minnesota

Three-term Democrat Amy Klobuchar was re-elected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. She is running for a fourth term.

Mississippi

Two-term Republican Roger Wicker was re-elected in 2018 with 58.5% of the vote. Wicker is running for a third full term. He is facing a primary challenge from state Representative Dan Eubanks and will be challenged in the general election by Democratic lawyer Ty Pinkins.

Missouri

One-term Republican Josh Hawley was elected in 2018 with 51.4% of the vote. He is running for re-election.

Marine Veteran Lucas Kunce, who ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination in 2022, has announced he is running again. St. Louis County District Attorney Wesley Bell, and December Harmon, a member of the Columbia Police Review Board, have also announced their campaigns for the Democratic nomination.

Montana

Three-term Democrat Jon Tester was narrowly re-elected in 2018 with 50.3% of the vote. On February 22, 2023, Tester announced he is running for a fourth term. Tester is one of three Democratic senators who represent states won by Republican Donald Trump in both the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections.

Businessman Tim Sheehy is running for the Republican nomination. U.S. Representative Matt Rosendale is also planning to enter the Republican primary, while Representative Ryan Zinke, though a possible candidate, is considered more likely to support Sheehy. State Attorney General Austin Knudsen is considered another potential Republican candidate.

Nebraska

There will be two elections in Nebraska, due to the resignation of Ben Sasse.

Nebraska (regular)

Two-term Republican Deb Fischer was re-elected in 2018 with 57.7% of the vote. On May 14, 2021, Fischer announced she is seeking reelection, despite previously declaring an intention to retire.

Nebraska (special)

Two-term Republican Ben Sasse resigned his seat on January 8, 2023, to become President of the University of Florida. Former governor and 2006 Senate nominee Pete Ricketts was appointed by Governor Jim Pillen and a special election for the seat will take place concurrently with the 2024 regular Senate elections. Ricketts and Air Force Veteran John Glen Weaver have declared their candidacies for the Republican nomination.

Nevada

One-term Democrat Jacky Rosen was elected in 2018 with 50.4% of the vote. Rosen is running for a second term.

Among Republicans, former state Assemblyman Jim Marchant, who ran for Secretary of State in 2022, has announced his candidacy. Other potential Republican challengers include decorated Afghan War combat veteran and 2022 Senate candidate Sam Brown, state Senate Minority Leader Heidi Gansert, reality television personality Rick Harrison, and venture capitalist Guy Nohra. Former state Attorney General Adam Laxalt, who narrowly lost his race against Senator Catherine Cortez Masto in 2022, has stated that he is unlikely to challenge Rosen.

New Jersey

Three-term Democrat Bob Menendez was re-elected in 2018 with 54.0% of the vote. On July 13, 2021, The New Jersey Globe stated that Menendez plans to run for a fourth term. Social worker Christina Khalil and Roselle Park Mayor Joe Signorello have announced primary challenges against Menendez.

Educator, and former member of the Andover Township School Board, Daniel Cruz has declared his candidacy for the Republican nomination.

New Mexico

Two-term Democrat Martin Heinrich was re-elected in 2018 with 54.1% of the vote in a three candidate race. Heinrich is running for a third term.

New York

Two-term Democrat Kirsten Gillibrand was re-elected in 2018 with 67.0% of the vote. Gillibrand is running for a third full term. Former Representative of New York's 1st congressional district and Republican nominee for Governor of New York in 2022, Lee Zeldin, has not ruled out seeking the Republican nomination to challenge Gillibrand.

North Dakota

One-term Republican Kevin Cramer was elected in 2018 with 55.1% of the vote.

Democrat Kristin Hedger, a businesswoman and nominee for North Dakota Secretary of State in 2006 has filed paperwork to run for Cramer's seat. However, she has yet to make an official announcement. State Senator Tracy Potter is also reportedly considering running.

Ohio

Three-term Democrat Sherrod Brown was re-elected in 2018 with 53.4% of the vote. Brown is running for a fourth term.

State Senator Matt Dolan and businessman Bernie Moreno are running for the Republican nomination. Secretary of State Frank LaRose is expected to announce a run for the seat in June 2023.

Pennsylvania

Three-term Democrat Bob Casey Jr., was re-elected in 2018 with 55.7% of the vote. Casey is running for a fourth term.

2022 Senate nominee Mehmet Oz, 2022 Senate candidate David McCormick, and state Treasurer Stacy Garrity are considered potential Republican candidates.

Rhode Island

Three-term Democrat Sheldon Whitehouse was re-elected in 2018 with 61.4% of the vote. Whitehouse is running for a fourth term. He is being challenged by Republican IT professional Raymond McKay.

Tennessee

One-term Republican Marsha Blackburn was elected in 2018 with 54.7% of the vote. Blackburn has filed paperwork to run for reelection.

Texas

Two-term Republican Ted Cruz was re-elected in 2018 with 50.9% of the vote. Cruz is running for a third-term despite advocating congressional term limits. He has also expressed interest in running for president in 2024.

U.S. Representative Colin Allred and criminologist Tracy Andrus are running as Democrats. State Senator Roland Gutierrez and state Representative James Talarico are also considered possible Democratic candidates.

Utah

One-term Republican Mitt Romney was elected in 2018 with 62.6% of the vote. Romney has expressed uncertainty over his political future following his votes to convict Trump on impeachment, and his indicated that he will announce a decision on reelection by mid-April 2023. Should he run, Romney has the endorsement of Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell.

On May 23, 2023, Republican Riverton Mayor Trent Staggs became the first announced candidate in the race. State House Speaker Brad Wilson has formed an exploratory committee to explore running against Romney for the Republican nomination. State Attorney General Sean Reyes and former U.S. representative Jason Chaffetz are also considered possible Republican primary challengers.

Vermont

Three-term independent Bernie Sanders was re-elected in 2018 with 67.4% of the vote. He is being challenged by artist Cris Ericson, an independent perennial candidate.

Another potential candidate for the Democratic nomination is David Zuckerman, the governor of Vermont.

Virginia

Two-term Democrat Tim Kaine was re-elected in 2018 with 57.0% of the vote. On January 20, 2023, Kaine confirmed he is running for reelection to a third term. Governor Glenn Youngkin, who will be term-limited in 2025, is considered a possible Republican candidate.

Washington

Four-term Democrat Maria Cantwell was re-elected in 2018 with 58.3% of the vote.

West Virginia

Two-term Democrat Joe Manchin was re-elected in 2018 with 49.6% of the vote. There have been reports that Manchin plans to run for a third full term. However, on October 5, 2022, Manchin said, "What I do in 2024 has nothing to do with what I do right now," and was watching the 2022 elections before making a decision. Later, on March 5, 2023, Manchin revealed he would make his decision in December 2023.

Governor Jim Justice, Representative Alex Mooney, and coal miner Chris Rose are running in the Republican primary.

Manchin has received cross-party endorsements from fellow senators Susan Collins (R-ME) and Lisa Murkowski (R-AK).

Wisconsin

Two-term Democrat Tammy Baldwin was re-elected in 2018 with 55.4% of the vote. She is running for re-election. Hedge fund manager Eric Hovde, candidate for the Senate in 2012, has publicly expressed interest in a second attempt at earning the Republican nomination. Congressman Tom Tiffany, former Congressman Sean Duffy (2011-2019), businessman Scott Mayer, and former Milwaukee County Sheriff David Clarke are seen as potential Republican challengers.

Wyoming

Two-term Republican John Barrasso was re-elected in 2018 with 67.0% of the vote.

See also

• 2024 United States elections
  • 2024 United States gubernatorial elections
  • 2024 United States presidential election
  • 2024 United States House of Representatives elections
• 118th United States Congress
• 119th United States Congress

Notes

1. ^ The independent senators Bernie Sanders (Vermont) and Angus King (Maine) caucus with Senate Democrats, while Kyrsten Sinema (Arizona) aligns with the Senate Democratic Caucus.
2. The U.S. vice president, who will be determined in 2024, breaks ties in a 50–50 Senate. Republicans need 50 seats if they win the vice presidency or 51 if they do not.
3. The last elections for this group of senators were in 2018, except for those elected in a special election or who were appointed after the resignation or death of a sitting senator, as noted.
4. ^ Sinema was elected as a Democrat and switched to being an independent in December 2022.
5. ^ Against fellow Democrat
6. Republican Ben Sasse won with 62.7% of the vote in 2020, but resigned January 8, 2023, to become president of the University of Florida.
7. Democratic total includes 3 Independents who caucus with the Democrats.

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• 2024 United States Senate elections