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| ==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
| ''Ganja'' is borrowed from ] {{transliteration|hi|gāñjā}} ({{lang-hi|गांजा|links=no}}, {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|گانجا}}|links=no}}, IPA: ]]), a name for ] used as a drug, which is derived from ] {{transliteration|sa|gañjā}}, referring to a "powerful preparation from '']''".<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25597374|jstor = 25597374|title = Iranian L, and Some Persian and Zaza Etymologies|last1 = Schwartz|first1 = Martin|journal = Iran & the Caucasus|year = 2008|volume = 12|issue = 2|pages = 281–287|doi = 10.1163/157338408X406056}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/mcgregor_query.py?qs=%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE&searchhws=yes|title=The Oxford Hindi-English dictionary|first=R. S. (Ronald Stuart)|last=McGregor|date=29 November 1993|website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}</ref><ref name="CRCPress">{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=trUgpMbT5gcC&pg=PA1674 |title=The Cross Name Index to Medicinal Plants, Vol. IV: Plants in Indian medicine, p. 1674, ISBN 9780849326356, OCLC 34038712 |last=Torkelson, Anthony R. |date=1996 |website=]|publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9780849326356 }}</ref><ref name="Kranzler">{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rspaDwAAQBAJ&pg=RA3-PA28 |title=Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol & Additive Behaviour |last1=Kranzler, Henry R. |last2=Korsmeyer, Pamela |date=2009 |publisher=] |isbn=978-0-02866-064-6 |page=28}}</ref><ref name="Steinmetz">{{Cite news |url=http://time.com/4747501/420-day-weed-marijuana-pot-slang/ |title=420 Day: Why There Are So Many Different Names for Weed |last=Steinmetz |first=Katy |date=20 April 2017 |magazine=] |access-date=16 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812115237/http://time.com/4747501/420-day-weed-marijuana-pot-slang/ |archive-date=12 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The word was used in Europe as early as 1856, when the British enacted a tax on the "ganja" trade.<ref name="PittNews">{{Cite web |url=http://pittnews.com/article/1195/opinions/pot-patois-a-comprehensive-etymology-of-marijuana/ |title=Pot patois: A comprehensive etymology of marijuana |last=Linder, Courtney |date=19 April 2015 |website=] |access-date=17 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403063353/https://pittnews.com/article/1195/opinions/pot-patois-a-comprehensive-etymology-of-marijuana/ |archive-date=3 April 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ''Ganja'' is borrowed from ] {{transliteration|hi|gāñjā}} ({{lang-hi|गांजा|links=no}}, {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|گانجا}}|links=no}}, IPA: ]]), a name for ] used as a drug, which is derived from ] {{transliteration|sa|gañjā}}, referring to a "powerful preparation from '']''".<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25597374|jstor = 25597374|title = Iranian L, and Some Persian and Zaza Etymologies|last1 = Schwartz|first1 = Martin|journal = Iran & the Caucasus|year = 2008|volume = 12|issue = 2|pages = 281–287|doi = 10.1163/157338408X406056}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/mcgregor_query.py?qs=%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE&searchhws=yes|title=The Oxford Hindi-English dictionary|first=R. S. (Ronald Stuart)|last=McGregor|date=29 November 1993|website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}</ref><ref name="CRCPress">{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=trUgpMbT5gcC&pg=PA1674 |title=The Cross Name Index to Medicinal Plants, Vol. IV: Plants in Indian medicine, p. 1674, ISBN 9780849326356, OCLC 34038712 |last=Torkelson, Anthony R. |date=1996 |website=]|publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9780849326356 }}</ref><ref name="Kranzler">{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rspaDwAAQBAJ&pg=RA3-PA28 |title=Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol & Additive Behaviour |last1=Kranzler, Henry R. |last2=Korsmeyer, Pamela |date=2009 |publisher=] |isbn=978-0-02866-064-6 |page=28 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Steinmetz">{{Cite news |url=http://time.com/4747501/420-day-weed-marijuana-pot-slang/ |title=420 Day: Why There Are So Many Different Names for Weed |last=Steinmetz |first=Katy |date=20 April 2017 |magazine=] |access-date=16 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812115237/http://time.com/4747501/420-day-weed-marijuana-pot-slang/ |archive-date=12 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The word was used in Europe as early as 1856, when the British enacted a tax on the "ganja" trade.<ref name="PittNews">{{Cite web |url=http://pittnews.com/article/1195/opinions/pot-patois-a-comprehensive-etymology-of-marijuana/ |title=Pot patois: A comprehensive etymology of marijuana |last=Linder, Courtney |date=19 April 2015 |website=] |access-date=17 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403063353/https://pittnews.com/article/1195/opinions/pot-patois-a-comprehensive-etymology-of-marijuana/ |archive-date=3 April 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
| One academic source places the date of introduction of ganja in Jamaica at 1845.<ref>{{cite book|title=Home Away from Home: 150 Years of Indian Presence in Jamaica, 1845-1995 |url=https://archive.org/details/homeawayfromhome00mans |url-access=limited |author1-first=Laxmi |author1-last=Mansingh|author2-first=Ajai|author2-last=Mansingh|publisher=I. Randle Publishers|year=1999|isbn=9768123397|page=}}</ref> The term came with 19th century workers whose descendants are now known as ].<ref name="Leafly">{{cite web|publisher=]|title=Jamaica's Cannabis Roots: The History of Ganja on the Island|author=Lisa Rough|date=14 May 2015|url=https://www.leafly.com/news/lifestyle/jamaicas-roots-the-history-of-ganja-on-the-island|access-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411020545/https://www.leafly.com/news/lifestyle/jamaicas-roots-the-history-of-ganja-on-the-island|archive-date=11 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> | One academic source places the date of introduction of ganja in Jamaica at 1845.<ref>{{cite book|title=Home Away from Home: 150 Years of Indian Presence in Jamaica, 1845-1995 |url=https://archive.org/details/homeawayfromhome00mans |url-access=limited |author1-first=Laxmi |author1-last=Mansingh|author2-first=Ajai|author2-last=Mansingh|publisher=I. Randle Publishers|year=1999|isbn=9768123397|page=}}</ref> The term came with 19th century workers whose descendants are now known as ].<ref name="Leafly">{{cite web|publisher=]|title=Jamaica's Cannabis Roots: The History of Ganja on the Island|author=Lisa Rough|date=14 May 2015|url=https://www.leafly.com/news/lifestyle/jamaicas-roots-the-history-of-ganja-on-the-island|access-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411020545/https://www.leafly.com/news/lifestyle/jamaicas-roots-the-history-of-ganja-on-the-island|archive-date=11 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 19:49, 5 March 2024
Hindustani word for cannabis This article is about the Hindustani word. For other uses, see Ganja (disambiguation).
Ganja (/ˈɡændʒə/, US: /ˈɡɑːndʒə/; Template:IPA-hi) is one of the oldest and most commonly used synonyms for marijuana. Its usage in English dates to before 1689.
Etymology
Ganja is borrowed from Hindi/Urdu gāñjā (Template:Lang-hi, Template:Lang-ur, IPA: ), a name for cannabis used as a drug, which is derived from Sanskrit gañjā, referring to a "powerful preparation from Cannabis sativa". The word was used in Europe as early as 1856, when the British enacted a tax on the "ganja" trade.
One academic source places the date of introduction of ganja in Jamaica at 1845. The term came with 19th century workers whose descendants are now known as Indo-Jamaicans.
Contemporary use of the term ganja
English use
Ganja is the most common term for marijuana in West Indies.
In popular culture
In 1976, Peter Tosh defended the use of ganja in the song "Legalize It". The hip hop group Cypress Hill revived the term in the United States in 2004 in a song titled "Ganja Bus", followed by other artists, including rapper Eminem, in the 2009 song "Must Be the Ganja".
In other languages
Derivatives of the term are used as generic words for marijuana in several languages, such as Indonesian/Malay (ganja), Khmer (កញ្ឆា, kanhchhea), Lao (ກັນຊາ, kan sa), Thai (กัญชา, gancha), Tiwi (kanja), and Vietnamese (cần sa).
References
- "10 Words From Hindi & Urdu". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
- Schwartz, Martin (2008). "Iranian L, and Some Persian and Zaza Etymologies". Iran & the Caucasus. 12 (2): 281–287. doi:10.1163/157338408X406056. JSTOR 25597374.
- McGregor, R. S. (Ronald Stuart) (29 November 1993). "The Oxford Hindi-English dictionary". dsal.uchicago.edu.
- Torkelson, Anthony R. (1996). "The Cross Name Index to Medicinal Plants, Vol. IV: Plants in Indian medicine, p. 1674, ISBN 9780849326356, OCLC 34038712". CRC Press. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780849326356.
- Kranzler, Henry R.; Korsmeyer, Pamela (2009). "Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol & Additive Behaviour". Gale. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-02866-064-6.
- Steinmetz, Katy (20 April 2017). "420 Day: Why There Are So Many Different Names for Weed". Time. Archived from the original on 12 August 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ Linder, Courtney (19 April 2015). "Pot patois: A comprehensive etymology of marijuana". The Pitt News. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
- Mansingh, Laxmi; Mansingh, Ajai (1999). Home Away from Home: 150 Years of Indian Presence in Jamaica, 1845-1995. I. Randle Publishers. p. 127. ISBN 9768123397.
- ^ Lisa Rough (14 May 2015). "Jamaica's Cannabis Roots: The History of Ganja on the Island". Leafly. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
- Courtwright, David T. (2009). Forces of Habit. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674029-90-3.
- Pieter Coertzen; M Christiaan Green; Len Hansen, eds. (2015). Law and Religion in Africa: The quest for the common good in pluralistic societies. African Sun Media. p. 186. ISBN 978-1-919985-63-3.
- Rafael Pérez-Torres (2006). Mestizaje: Critical Uses of Race in Chicano Culture. U of Minnesota Press. pp. 97–. ISBN 978-0-8166-4595-4.
- Dictionary AuSIL Archived 3 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine
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