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| == Biography == | == Biography == | ||
| Jeanne Françoise Morand was born in Bey on 17 August 1887, in Saône-et-Loire. Her father was an anarcho-syndicalist laborer, and she began working as a seamstress in Saint-Marcel. Later, at the age of 22, she left Saône-et-Loire for Paris, where she started reading '']'' and attending anarchist public discussions. She had two sisters, Alice and Marie, who joined her in the capital and also became involved in French |
Jeanne Françoise Morand was born in ] on 17 August 1887, in ]. Her father was an ] laborer, and she began working as a seamstress in ]. Later, at the age of 22, she left Saône-et-Loire for ], where she started reading '']'' and attending anarchist public discussions. She had two sisters, Alice and Marie, who joined her in the capital and also became involved in French anarchist circles. During this period, she became an active militant and was arrested multiple times by the ] for "disturbing public order, putting up posters, insults, assault and battery, rebellion, and participating in forbidden demonstrations". She did not hesitate to resist, defend herself, and even bite the police officers who arrested her. In 1906, for instance, along with Albert Libertad and a man named Millet, Morand was arrested for fighting with a subway inspector and a police officer. | ||
| For two years, Morand worked as a domestic servant for the Henry family on Boulevard Saint-Martin before leaving her job. She then moved into the headquarters of the individualist anarchist newspaper, '']''. The activist became involved with Albert Libertad before separating from him in early 1908, although she still assisted him during the final years of his life later that same year. | For two years, Morand worked as a domestic servant for the Henry family on Boulevard Saint-Martin before leaving her job. She then moved into the headquarters of the individualist anarchist newspaper, '']''. The activist became involved with ] before separating from him in early 1908, although she still assisted him during the final years of his life later that same year. | ||
| After Albert Libertad's death, Morand succeeded him at the anarchist newspaper ''L'Anarchie'' and managed its operations alongside Armandine Mahé, the sister of Anna Mahé. However, following her arrest for participating in a protest against Georges |
After Albert Libertad's death, Morand succeeded him at the anarchist newspaper ''L'Anarchie'' and managed its operations alongside ], the sister of ]. However, following her arrest for participating in a protest against ]—motivated by his decision to erect a monument honoring ], a politician implicated in the ]—she was no longer able to manage the newspaper and was replaced by ]. In 1910, she began a relationship with ] and lived with him, earning a living by doing housework for private households. Morand maintained connections with ] circles and, in 1912, briefly had a relationship with ], an ] ], who moved in with her. | ||
| She then became the secretary of the '']'', one of the leading anarcho-feminist and feminist organizations of the time. This focus on feminist themes continued when she co-founded '']'' with other anarchists. This cooperative was dedicated to producing libertarian films, and she appeared to be particularly influential in shaping its ] and ] direction from the outset, alongside ] and ]. This feminist initiative culminated in the production of the first ] in history, '']''. | She then became the secretary of the '']'', one of the leading anarcho-feminist and feminist organizations of the time. This focus on feminist themes continued when she co-founded '']'' with other anarchists. This cooperative was dedicated to producing libertarian films, and she appeared to be particularly influential in shaping its ] and ] direction from the outset, alongside ] and ]. This feminist initiative culminated in the production of the first ] in history, '']''. | ||
| In August 1914, she traveled to ] with Jacques Long, who had been exempted from military service. She returned in 1915 to assist anarchists seeking to avoid conscription and to carry out |
In August 1914, she traveled to ] with Jacques Long, who had been exempted from military service. She returned in 1915 to assist anarchists seeking to avoid conscription and to carry out ] propaganda. Her two brothers fled to the ] after deserting the army. | ||
| Morand undertook two hunger strikes to obtain recognition as a political prisoner, receiving widespread support that extended beyond anarchist circles. During her imprisonment, she clashed with certain members of ''Le Libertaire'', accusing them of sectarianism for their lack of support for communist political prisoners. | Morand undertook two ] to obtain recognition as a ], receiving widespread support that extended beyond anarchist circles. During her imprisonment, she clashed with certain members of ''Le Libertaire'', accusing them of ] for their lack of support for ] political prisoners. | ||
| On 29 August 1924, she was pardoned and retired to ], where her mother lived. Although she maintained connections with the anarchist movement, notably with E. Armand, she ceased active participation. By 1927, she was no longer under police surveillance as an anarchist. | On 29 August 1924, she was pardoned and retired to ], where her mother lived. Although she maintained connections with the anarchist movement, notably with ], she ceased active participation. By 1927, she was no longer under ] as an anarchist. | ||
| In 1932, she began exhibiting signs of ], such as ], and spent the remainder of her life in dire circumstances, moving between various care institutions. She |
In 1932, she began exhibiting signs of ], such as ], and spent the remainder of her life in dire circumstances, moving between various care institutions. She died on 26 February 1969, in ], in the ] department. | ||
| == References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 14:37, 22 December 2024
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Jeanne Françoise Morand, known as Jane Morand (1887-1969), was a French seamstress, housekeeper, and individualist anarchist activist. A prominent figure in the French anarchist movement, she organized the Comité Féminin in the 1910s, one of the leading anarcha-feminist and feminist organizations of the time. Morand is also known for, along with Henriette Tilly, helping to spread feminism within anarchist circles and influencing Le Cinéma du Peuple in the decision to produce Les Misères de l’aiguille, the first feminist film in history.
Sentenced to life imprisonment for aiding other anarchists in fleeing France during World War I, she was released in 1924. By 1932, she began to exhibit signs of mental disorders, including paranoid delusions, and ended her life in a miserable state, moving between various care institutions.
Biography
Jeanne Françoise Morand was born in Bey on 17 August 1887, in Saône-et-Loire. Her father was an anarcho-syndicalist laborer, and she began working as a seamstress in Saint-Marcel. Later, at the age of 22, she left Saône-et-Loire for Paris, where she started reading Le Libertaire and attending anarchist public discussions. She had two sisters, Alice and Marie, who joined her in the capital and also became involved in French anarchist circles. During this period, she became an active militant and was arrested multiple times by the police for "disturbing public order, putting up posters, insults, assault and battery, rebellion, and participating in forbidden demonstrations". She did not hesitate to resist, defend herself, and even bite the police officers who arrested her. In 1906, for instance, along with Albert Libertad and a man named Millet, Morand was arrested for fighting with a subway inspector and a police officer.
For two years, Morand worked as a domestic servant for the Henry family on Boulevard Saint-Martin before leaving her job. She then moved into the headquarters of the individualist anarchist newspaper, L'Anarchie. The activist became involved with Albert Libertad before separating from him in early 1908, although she still assisted him during the final years of his life later that same year.
After Albert Libertad's death, Morand succeeded him at the anarchist newspaper L'Anarchie and managed its operations alongside Armandine Mahé, the sister of Anna Mahé. However, following her arrest for participating in a protest against Georges Clemenceau—motivated by his decision to erect a monument honoring Charles Floquet, a politician implicated in the Panama scandals—she was no longer able to manage the newspaper and was replaced by Lucien Lecourtier. In 1910, she began a relationship with Jacques Long and lived with him, earning a living by doing housework for private households. Morand maintained connections with anti-colonial circles and, in 1912, briefly had a relationship with Virendranath Chattopadhyaya, an Indian revolutionary, who moved in with her.
She then became the secretary of the Comité Féminin, one of the leading anarcho-feminist and feminist organizations of the time. This focus on feminist themes continued when she co-founded Le Cinéma du Peuple with other anarchists. This cooperative was dedicated to producing libertarian films, and she appeared to be particularly influential in shaping its feminist and anarcha-feminist direction from the outset, alongside Henriette Tilly and Lucien Descaves. This feminist initiative culminated in the production of the first feminist film in history, Les Misères de l’aiguille.
In August 1914, she traveled to Spain with Jacques Long, who had been exempted from military service. She returned in 1915 to assist anarchists seeking to avoid conscription and to carry out antimilitarist propaganda. Her two brothers fled to the United Kingdom after deserting the army.
Morand undertook two hunger strikes to obtain recognition as a political prisoner, receiving widespread support that extended beyond anarchist circles. During her imprisonment, she clashed with certain members of Le Libertaire, accusing them of sectarianism for their lack of support for communist political prisoners.
On 29 August 1924, she was pardoned and retired to Mandres-les-Roses, where her mother lived. Although she maintained connections with the anarchist movement, notably with E. Armand, she ceased active participation. By 1927, she was no longer under police surveillance as an anarchist.
In 1932, she began exhibiting signs of mental disorders, such as paranoid delusions, and spent the remainder of her life in dire circumstances, moving between various care institutions. She died on 26 February 1969, in Fitz-James, in the Oise department.