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| ] in ] supporting the ].|219x219px]] | |||
| {{Infobox political party | |||
| ] has represented ] and ] movements since 1946.]] | |||
| | name = The Alternatives | |||
| ] (2012).]] | |||
| | logo = Les-alternatifs.png | |||
| | logo_size = 200px | |||
| | foundation = {{start date|1998|03|29}} | |||
| | merger_of = ]<br>] | |||
| | dissolution = {{end date|2015|03|15}} | |||
| | merged_into = ] | |||
| | split_from = Alternatives et autogestion | |||
| | headquarters = 40 ]<br>] | |||
| | leader_title = Spokespeople | |||
| | leader_name = Jean-Jacques Boislaroussie<br>Rachel Lafontaine | |||
| | position = ] | |||
| | ideology = ]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>] | |||
| | international = | |||
| | european = ] | |||
| | coalition = ] (]) | |||
| | membership = 700 | |||
| | colors = ] and ] | |||
| | website = {{URL|http://www.alternatifs.org|alternatifs.org}} | |||
| }} | |||
| The '''] in France''' includes organizations and political movements in France considered to be at the furthest left end of the political spectrum.<ref>According to ] ('']'', {{p.|20}}), the term refers to "all movements situated to the left of the Communist Party."</ref>{{,}}<ref>], ''L'Extrême gauche'', {{p.|9}}: "The term 'far left' refers to all political groups and organizations to the left of two main currents of the French left, social democracy (PS, Greens, PRG) and the Communist Party. Unlike these parties and certain trends within the 'radical left' (e.g., alter-globalism, José Bové), which advocate reformist management of capitalism, far-left organizations call for the overthrow of capitalism through revolution."</ref> Historically, the far-left comprises the ] left, in opposition to the ] left represented by the ] and the ].<ref>Roland Biard, ''Dictionnaire de l'extrême-gauche de 1945 à nos jours'', Belfond, 1978.</ref> Revolutionaries advocate for the abolition of ] and the establishment of an ]. Today, the far-left in France is primarily composed of ] (including ], ], and ]), ] (including ], ], ], and ]). Some far-left political currents reject this designation, as the term originally referred to the seating arrangement of political parties in parliamentary assemblies, which some revolutionary movements reject as part of their opposition to parliamentary politics. | |||
| '''The Alternatives''' (French: ''Les Alternatifs'') was a former ] aligned with the ]. Founded in 1998 from the merger of the ] and a minority faction of the ], it dissolved in 2015, with its majority merging into ]. The party identified with ], with core principles emphasizing ], ], ], and ] (''autogestion''). | |||
| == History == | |||
| The movement combined several political tendencies: | |||
| === Origins === | |||
| * Self-management-oriented and alternative left; | |||
| The origins of the far-left in France can be traced back to the ],<ref>Christine Pina, ''L’extrême gauche en Europe'', Paris, Les études de la Documentation française, 2005.</ref> particularly to ], a French revolutionary who envisioned a ] and founded the "]" in 1796. This was an attempt to overthrow the ] to establish "perfect equality." The ideas of this conspiracy are outlined in a text co-authored by ] and Babeuf titled the ''Manifesto of the Equals.'' | |||
| * Anti-bureaucratic currents within the ]; | |||
| * Socially grounded ecological activism. | |||
| == Notes and references == | |||
| Following its dissolution, a minority formed Alternatives et autogestion, later participating in founding ]. | |||
| == Ideology and Activities == | |||
| ] | |||
| The Alternatives advocated for a union of the ] and participated in the "May 29 collectives" that drafted the ]. For the ], they supported a unified candidacy from the left opposing the ] and anti-liberalism. On {{date|2006|07|11}}, party members approved a motion to support ]’s candidacy with 82.6% in favor.<ref></ref> | |||
| In 2010, during the ], the party collaborated nationally with the ]. Following internal debates in 2011, they chose to leave the ] and supported ] in the ].<ref></ref> | |||
| == Internal Structure == | |||
| The Alternatives operated without a president or secretary-general, opting instead for a pair of spokespeople. Decisions were made through the General Coordination of regional federations and local groups. The executive body handled technical matters and met in "enlarged" formats with thematic commissions and regional representatives. | |||
| == Youth Organization == | |||
| The Alternatives' youth wing initially collaborated with the Greens under the group ''Chiche!''. After the Greens' youth organization split in 2001, ''Chiche!'' became independent, while The Alternatives' youth formed local groups under the "Youth Network." | |||
| == Dissolution == | |||
| On {{date|2015|03|15}}, the party voted to dissolve and integrate into ], with 65.42% in favor. A minority formed "Alternatives et autogestion" (AA), which joined ] in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congress of The Alternatives |url=https://www.ensemble-fdg.org/content/congres-des-alternatifs |date=March 15, 2015 |access-date=March 25, 2020}}</ref> | |||
| == References == | |||
| {{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
| == See |
== See also == | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| {{ |
{{Politics of France}} | ||
| {{Communism sidebar}} | |||
| {{Far-left political parties in France}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 12:48, 24 December 2024
The far-left in France includes organizations and political movements in France considered to be at the furthest left end of the political spectrum. · Historically, the far-left comprises the revolutionary left, in opposition to the reformist left represented by the PCF and the SFIO. Revolutionaries advocate for the abolition of capitalism and the establishment of an egalitarian society. Today, the far-left in France is primarily composed of communists (including Trotskyists, council communists, and Maoists), anarchists (including libertarian communists, anarcho-syndicalists, communalists, and autonomists). Some far-left political currents reject this designation, as the term originally referred to the seating arrangement of political parties in parliamentary assemblies, which some revolutionary movements reject as part of their opposition to parliamentary politics.
History
Origins
The origins of the far-left in France can be traced back to the French Revolution, particularly to Gracchus Babeuf, a French revolutionary who envisioned a classless society and founded the "Conspiracy of the Equals" in 1796. This was an attempt to overthrow the Directory to establish "perfect equality." The ideas of this conspiracy are outlined in a text co-authored by Sylvain Maréchal and Babeuf titled the Manifesto of the Equals.
Notes and references
- According to Serge Cosseron (Dictionnaire de l'extrême gauche, p. 20), the term refers to "all movements situated to the left of the Communist Party."
- Olivier Piot, L'Extrême gauche, p. 9: "The term 'far left' refers to all political groups and organizations to the left of two main currents of the French left, social democracy (PS, Greens, PRG) and the Communist Party. Unlike these parties and certain trends within the 'radical left' (e.g., alter-globalism, José Bové), which advocate reformist management of capitalism, far-left organizations call for the overthrow of capitalism through revolution."
- Roland Biard, Dictionnaire de l'extrême-gauche de 1945 à nos jours, Belfond, 1978.
- Christine Pina, L’extrême gauche en Europe, Paris, Les études de la Documentation française, 2005.
See also
- Far-left politics
- Far-left politics by country
- Far-left politics in Belgium
- Far-left politics in Italy
- History of socialism in France
- History of communism
- French political spectrum
