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'''Old Stock Jews''', also referred to as '''Old Immigrant Jews''', are ] who have been present in the ] for multiple generations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shultz |first=Evan |date=9 September 2000 |title=Group Rights, American Jews, and the Failure of Group Libel Law 1913-1952 |url=https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1704&context=blr |journal=Brooklyn Law Review |pages=89}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lewis |first=David Levering |date=1984 |title=Parallels and Divergences: Assimilationist Strategies of Afro-American and Jewish Elites from 1910 to the Early 1930s |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1887471 |journal=The Journal of American History |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=543–564 |doi=10.2307/1887471 |issn=0021-8723}}</ref>
'''Old Stock Jews''', also referred to as '''Old Immigrant Jews''', are ] who have been present in the ] for multiple generations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shultz |first=Evan |date=9 September 2000 |title=Group Rights, American Jews, and the Failure of Group Libel Law 1913-1952 |url=https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1704&context=blr |journal=Brooklyn Law Review |pages=89}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lewis |first=David Levering |date=1984 |title=Parallels and Divergences: Assimilationist Strategies of Afro-American and Jewish Elites from 1910 to the Early 1930s |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1887471 |journal=The Journal of American History |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=543–564 |doi=10.2307/1887471 |issn=0021-8723}}</ref>
Some of these early Jewish immigrants, specifically those from Germany, promoted a higher degree of assimilation into American culture, in contrast with later waves of Jewish immigrants. Groups like the anti-ZionistAmerican Council for Judaism were led primarily by wealthy, assimilated German-Jews who claimed Jews were not a nation, but solely a religion. However, many old stock Jews vehemently opposed assimilation and the Reform movement, such as Rabbi Isaac Leeser and Rabbi Sabato Morais.