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Elizabeth A. Spencer is an epidemiologist and researcher at the Centre for ] (CEBM), ], whose research focuses on systematic reviews, multimorbidity, and evidence synthesis<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Spencer |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/about-us/team/elizabeth-spencer |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref>. '''Elizabeth A. Spencer''' is a British epidemiologist and researcher at the Centre for ] (CEBM), ], whose research focuses on systematic reviews, multimorbidity, and evidence synthesis<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Spencer |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/about-us/team/elizabeth-spencer |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref>.


== Career == == Career ==
Dr. Spencer’s research spans critical areas of public health, including living reviews, biomarkers, self-care in chronic conditions, and the impact of environmental exposures on health<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Spencer |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/about-us/team/elizabeth-spencer |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref>. She has notably advanced strategies for managing multimorbidity<ref>{{Cite web |title=Evidence-based multimorbidity |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/research/projects/evidence-based-multimorbidity |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Spencer |first=E. A. |title=Biomarkers in the prediction of multimorbidity: scoping review |date=2020-11-27 |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.25.20214999v1.full |access-date=2025-01-06 |language=en |doi=10.1101/2020.11.25.20214999 |last2=Ford |first2=G. A. |last3=Chan |first3=M. S. |last4=Perera |first4=R. |last5=Heneghan |first5=C. J.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Spencer |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/about-us/team/elizabeth-spencer |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Suls |first=Jerry |last2=Bayliss |first2=Elizabeth A. |last3=Berry |first3=Jay |last4=Bierman |first4=Arlene S. |last5=Chrischilles |first5=Elizabeth A. |last6=Farhat |first6=Tilda |last7=Fortin |first7=Martin |last8=Koroukian |first8=Siran M. |last9=Quinones |first9=Ana |last10=Silber |first10=Jeffrey H. |last11=Ward |first11=Brian W. |last12=Wei |first12=Melissa |last13=Young-Hyman |first13=Deborah |last14=Klabunde |first14=Carrie N. |date=2021-08 |title=Measuring Multimorbidity: Selecting the Right Instrument for the Purpose and the Data Source |url=https://journals.lww.com/lww-medicalcare/abstract/2021/08000/measuring_multimorbidity__selecting_the_right.12.aspx |journal=Medical Care |language=en-US |volume=59 |issue=8 |pages=743 |doi=10.1097/MLR.0000000000001566 |issn=0025-7079}}</ref>. She has also enhanced methodologies in evidence synthesis, emphasizing well-defined research questions, transparent methodologies, and comprehensive search strategies<ref>{{Cite web |title=Five things to consider before you do a systematic review |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/resources/systematic-reviews/five-things-to-consider-before-you-do-a-systematic-review |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref>. Spencer’s research spans areas of public health including living reviews, biomarkers, self-care in chronic conditions, and the impact of environmental exposures on health.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Spencer |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/about-us/team/elizabeth-spencer |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref> She has advanced strategies for managing multimorbidity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Evidence-based multimorbidity |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/research/projects/evidence-based-multimorbidity |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Spencer |first=E. A. |title=Biomarkers in the prediction of multimorbidity: scoping review |date=2020-11-27 |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.25.20214999v1.full |access-date=2025-01-06 |language=en |doi=10.1101/2020.11.25.20214999 |last2=Ford |first2=G. A. |last3=Chan |first3=M. S. |last4=Perera |first4=R. |last5=Heneghan |first5=C. J.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Spencer |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/about-us/team/elizabeth-spencer |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Suls |first=Jerry |last2=Bayliss |first2=Elizabeth A. |last3=Berry |first3=Jay |last4=Bierman |first4=Arlene S. |last5=Chrischilles |first5=Elizabeth A. |last6=Farhat |first6=Tilda |last7=Fortin |first7=Martin |last8=Koroukian |first8=Siran M. |last9=Quinones |first9=Ana |last10=Silber |first10=Jeffrey H. |last11=Ward |first11=Brian W. |last12=Wei |first12=Melissa |last13=Young-Hyman |first13=Deborah |last14=Klabunde |first14=Carrie N. |date=2021-08 |title=Measuring Multimorbidity: Selecting the Right Instrument for the Purpose and the Data Source |url=https://journals.lww.com/lww-medicalcare/abstract/2021/08000/measuring_multimorbidity__selecting_the_right.12.aspx |journal=Medical Care |language=en-US |volume=59 |issue=8 |pages=743 |doi=10.1097/MLR.0000000000001566 |issn=0025-7079}}</ref> She has also enhanced methodologies in evidence synthesis, emphasising well-defined research questions, transparent methodologies, and comprehensive search strategies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Five things to consider before you do a systematic review |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/resources/systematic-reviews/five-things-to-consider-before-you-do-a-systematic-review |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref>


At the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM), which focuses on improving healthcare through research, education, and collaboration<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref>, she is involved in several key initiatives. She is a major contributor to the Evidence-Based Multimorbidity Project''.'' This initiative focuses on developing strategies for the early recognition, screening, and treatment of multimorbidity, aiming to reduce the burden of chronic conditions<ref>{{Cite web |title=Evidence-based multimorbidity |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/research/projects/evidence-based-multimorbidity |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Research projects |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/research/projects |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref>. At the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref> Spencer is a major contributor to the Evidence-Based Multimorbidity Project. This initiative focuses on developing strategies for the early recognition, screening, and treatment of multimorbidity, aiming to reduce the burden of chronic conditions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Evidence-based multimorbidity |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/research/projects/evidence-based-multimorbidity |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Research projects |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/research/projects |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref>


She has been involved in several completed and flagship studies at CEBM. These include "Tamiflu as a Treatment for Influenza," evaluating its efficacy in combating influenza<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamiflu as a treatment for influenza |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/research/tamiflu-as-a-treatment-for-influenza |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref>, and "Primodos and Congenital Malformations," which investigated the potential links between the hormonal pregnancy test and birth defects<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Primodos story |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/research/the-primodos-story |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref>. In addition, she has contributed to "Green Tea and Blood Pressure Effects," which examined the potential benefits of green tea consumption on blood pressure<ref>{{Cite web |title=Green tea and blood pressure effects |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/research/projects/green-tea-and-blood-pressure-effects |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref>, and "Transmission of SARS-CoV-2," a study that focused on understanding the transmission dynamics of the virus, particularly among asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic individuals<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/research/transmission-of-sars-cov-2 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref>. She has been involved in studies at CEBM including "Tamiflu as a Treatment for Influenza," evaluating its efficacy in combating influenza<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamiflu as a treatment for influenza |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/research/tamiflu-as-a-treatment-for-influenza |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref> and "Primodos and Congenital Malformations," which investigated the potential links between the hormonal pregnancy test and birth defects.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Primodos story |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/research/the-primodos-story |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref> In addition, she has contributed to "Green Tea and Blood Pressure Effects," which examined the potential benefits of green tea consumption on blood pressure<ref>{{Cite web |title=Green tea and blood pressure effects |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/research/projects/green-tea-and-blood-pressure-effects |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref> and "Transmission of SARS-CoV-2," a study that focused on understanding the transmission dynamics of the virus, particularly among asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic individuals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/research/transmission-of-sars-cov-2 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.cebm.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref>


She was also involved in the launch of Open Evidence Reviews, an initiative by CEBM providing real-time updates on evidence related to COVID-19. This initiative addressed critical areas such as transmission dynamics, the effectiveness of public health interventions, and the role of PCR cycle thresholds in predicting infectiousness<ref>{{Cite news |title=CEBM launches Open Evidence Reviews |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/news/cebm-launches-open-evidence-reviews |access-date=2025-01-06 |language=en}}</ref>. Her additional research suggests that PCR cycle threshold values may be crucial in predicting the infectiousness of asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic individuals with COVID-19. This study, part of a comprehensive review, highlights the importance of PCR testing in understanding transmission dynamics<ref>{{Cite news |title=PCR cycle threshold may be key to predicting infectiousness of people with asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic COVID-19, suggests new review. |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/news/pcr-cycle-threshold-may-be-key-to-predicting-infectiousness-of-people-with-asymptomatic-and-pre-symptomatic-covid-19-suggests-new-review |access-date=2025-01-06 |language=en}}</ref>. Spencer was also involved in the launch of Open Evidence Reviews, an initiative by CEBM providing real-time updates on evidence related to COVID-19. This initiative addressed critical areas such as transmission dynamics, the effectiveness of public health interventions, and the role of PCR cycle thresholds in predicting infectiousness.<ref>{{Cite news |title=CEBM launches Open Evidence Reviews |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/news/cebm-launches-open-evidence-reviews |access-date=2025-01-06 |language=en}}</ref> Her additional research suggests that PCR cycle threshold values may be crucial in predicting the infectiousness of asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic individuals with COVID-19. This study, part of a comprehensive review, highlights the importance of PCR testing in understanding transmission dynamics.<ref>{{Cite news |title=PCR cycle threshold may be key to predicting infectiousness of people with asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic COVID-19, suggests new review. |url=https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/news/pcr-cycle-threshold-may-be-key-to-predicting-infectiousness-of-people-with-asymptomatic-and-pre-symptomatic-covid-19-suggests-new-review |access-date=2025-01-06 |language=en}}</ref>


She has researched the risks of ] (HRT) using large-scale databases. She has also contributed to the ], a landmark research project investigating the health of women aged 50 and over, with a focus on evaluating the risks and benefits of HRT and other health factors<ref>{{Cite web |title=Evidence in Women's Health: Menopause and Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) - What are the risks, benefits and experiences for women? |url=https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/evidence-womens-health-menopause-and-hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt-what-are-risks-benefits-and |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=podcasts.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roddam |first=Andrew W. |last2=Spencer |first2=Elizabeth |last3=Banks |first3=Emily |last4=Beral |first4=Valerie |last5=Reeves |first5=Gillian |last6=Appleby |first6=Paul |last7=Barnes |first7=Isobel |last8=Whiteman |first8=David C. |last9=Keyal |first9=Timothy J. |date=2005-04 |title=Reproducibility of a short semi-quantitative food group questionnaire and its performance in estimating nutrient intake compared with a 7-day diet diary in the Million Women Study |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/reproducibility-of-a-short-semiquantitative-food-group-questionnaire-and-its-performance-in-estimating-nutrient-intake-compared-with-a-7day-diet-diary-in-the-million-women-study/BDBCFF8F778B063D71A46EC01B182587 |journal=Public Health Nutrition |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=201–213 |doi=10.1079/PHN2004676 |issn=1475-2727}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reeves |first=Gillian K. |last2=Pirie |first2=Kirstin |last3=Beral |first3=Valerie |last4=Green |first4=Jane |last5=Spencer |first5=Elizabeth |last6=Bull |first6=Diana |last7=Million Women Study Collaboration |date=2007-12-01 |title=Cancer incidence and mortality in relation to body mass index in the Million Women Study: cohort study |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17986716/ |journal=BMJ (Clinical research ed.) |volume=335 |issue=7630 |pages=1134 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39367.495995.AE |issn=1756-1833 |pmc=2099519 |pmid=17986716}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Bette |last2=Balkwill |first2=Angela |last3=Spencer |first3=Elizabeth |last4=Beral |first4=Valerie |last5=Million Women Study Collaborators |date=2008-06 |title=Relationship between body mass index and length of hospital stay for gallbladder disease |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18308742/ |journal=Journal of Public Health (Oxford, England) |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=161–166 |doi=10.1093/pubmed/fdn011 |issn=1741-3850 |pmid=18308742}}</ref>. She has researched the risks of ] (HRT) using large-scale databases. She has also contributed to the ], a landmark research project investigating the health of women aged 50 and over, with a focus on evaluating the risks and benefits of HRT and other health factors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Evidence in Women's Health: Menopause and Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) - What are the risks, benefits and experiences for women? |url=https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/evidence-womens-health-menopause-and-hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt-what-are-risks-benefits-and |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=podcasts.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roddam |first=Andrew W. |last2=Spencer |first2=Elizabeth |last3=Banks |first3=Emily |last4=Beral |first4=Valerie |last5=Reeves |first5=Gillian |last6=Appleby |first6=Paul |last7=Barnes |first7=Isobel |last8=Whiteman |first8=David C. |last9=Keyal |first9=Timothy J. |date=2005-04 |title=Reproducibility of a short semi-quantitative food group questionnaire and its performance in estimating nutrient intake compared with a 7-day diet diary in the Million Women Study |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/reproducibility-of-a-short-semiquantitative-food-group-questionnaire-and-its-performance-in-estimating-nutrient-intake-compared-with-a-7day-diet-diary-in-the-million-women-study/BDBCFF8F778B063D71A46EC01B182587 |journal=Public Health Nutrition |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=201–213 |doi=10.1079/PHN2004676 |issn=1475-2727}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reeves |first=Gillian K. |last2=Pirie |first2=Kirstin |last3=Beral |first3=Valerie |last4=Green |first4=Jane |last5=Spencer |first5=Elizabeth |last6=Bull |first6=Diana |last7=Million Women Study Collaboration |date=2007-12-01 |title=Cancer incidence and mortality in relation to body mass index in the Million Women Study: cohort study |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17986716/ |journal=BMJ (Clinical research ed.) |volume=335 |issue=7630 |pages=1134 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39367.495995.AE |issn=1756-1833 |pmc=2099519 |pmid=17986716}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Bette |last2=Balkwill |first2=Angela |last3=Spencer |first3=Elizabeth |last4=Beral |first4=Valerie |last5=Million Women Study Collaborators |date=2008-06 |title=Relationship between body mass index and length of hospital stay for gallbladder disease |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18308742/ |journal=Journal of Public Health (Oxford, England) |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=161–166 |doi=10.1093/pubmed/fdn011 |issn=1741-3850 |pmid=18308742}}</ref>


==== Selected Publications ==== == Selected publications ==


* Davey, G. K.; Spencer, E. A.; Appleby, P. N.; Allen, N. E.; Knox, K. H.; Key, T. J. "EPIC-Oxford: Lifestyle characteristics and nutrient intakes in a cohort of 33,883 meat-eaters and 31,546 non-meat-eaters in the UK." ''Public Health Nutrition''. 2003 May; 6(3): 259–269. doi:10.1079/PHN2002430. PMID: 12740075. * Davey, G. K.; Spencer, E. A.; Appleby, P. N.; Allen, N. E.; Knox, K. H.; Key, T. J. "EPIC-Oxford: Lifestyle characteristics and nutrient intakes in a cohort of 33,883 meat-eaters and 31,546 non-meat-eaters in the UK." ''Public Health Nutrition''. 2003 May; 6(3): 259–269. doi:10.1079/PHN2002430. PMID: 12740075.
* Rosca, E. C.; Heneghan, C.; Spencer, E. A.; Brassey, J.; Plüddemann, A.; Onakpoya, I. J.; Evans, D.; Conly, J. M.; Jefferson, T. "Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 associated with cruise ship travel: A systematic review." ''Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease''. 2022 Oct 9; 7 (10): 290. doi:10.3390/tropicalmed7100290. PMID: 36288031; PMCID: PMC9610645. * Rosca, E. C.; Heneghan, C.; Spencer, E. A.; Brassey, J.; Plüddemann, A.; Onakpoya, I. J.; Evans, D.; Conly, J. M.; Jefferson, T. "Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 associated with cruise ship travel: A systematic review." ''Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease''. 2022 Oct 9; 7 (10): 290. doi:10.3390/tropicalmed7100290. PMID: 36288031; PMCID: PMC9610645.
* Rosca, E. C.; Heneghan, C.; Spencer, E. A.; Plüddemann, A.; Maltoni, S.; Gandini, S.; Onakpoya, I. J.; Evans, D.; Conly, J. M.; Jefferson, T. "Coinfection with Strongyloides and SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review." ''Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease''. 2023 Apr 25; 8(5):248. doi:10.3390/tropicalmed8050248. PMID: 37235296; PMCID: PMC10224069. * Rosca, E. C.; Heneghan, C.; Spencer, E. A.; Plüddemann, A.; Maltoni, S.; Gandini, S.; Onakpoya, I. J.; Evans, D.; Conly, J. M.; Jefferson, T. "Coinfection with Strongyloides and SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review." ''Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease''. 2023 Apr 25; 8(5):248. doi:10.3390/tropicalmed8050248. PMID: 37235296; PMCID: PMC10224069.

<references />
==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Spencer, Elizabeth A.}}

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Revision as of 03:35, 7 January 2025

Elizabeth A. Spencer is a British epidemiologist and researcher at the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM), University of Oxford, whose research focuses on systematic reviews, multimorbidity, and evidence synthesis.

Career

Spencer’s research spans areas of public health including living reviews, biomarkers, self-care in chronic conditions, and the impact of environmental exposures on health. She has advanced strategies for managing multimorbidity. She has also enhanced methodologies in evidence synthesis, emphasising well-defined research questions, transparent methodologies, and comprehensive search strategies.

At the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM), Spencer is a major contributor to the Evidence-Based Multimorbidity Project. This initiative focuses on developing strategies for the early recognition, screening, and treatment of multimorbidity, aiming to reduce the burden of chronic conditions.

She has been involved in studies at CEBM including "Tamiflu as a Treatment for Influenza," evaluating its efficacy in combating influenza and "Primodos and Congenital Malformations," which investigated the potential links between the hormonal pregnancy test and birth defects. In addition, she has contributed to "Green Tea and Blood Pressure Effects," which examined the potential benefits of green tea consumption on blood pressure and "Transmission of SARS-CoV-2," a study that focused on understanding the transmission dynamics of the virus, particularly among asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic individuals.

Spencer was also involved in the launch of Open Evidence Reviews, an initiative by CEBM providing real-time updates on evidence related to COVID-19. This initiative addressed critical areas such as transmission dynamics, the effectiveness of public health interventions, and the role of PCR cycle thresholds in predicting infectiousness. Her additional research suggests that PCR cycle threshold values may be crucial in predicting the infectiousness of asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic individuals with COVID-19. This study, part of a comprehensive review, highlights the importance of PCR testing in understanding transmission dynamics.

She has researched the risks of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) using large-scale databases. She has also contributed to the Million Women Study, a landmark research project investigating the health of women aged 50 and over, with a focus on evaluating the risks and benefits of HRT and other health factors.

Selected publications

  • Davey, G. K.; Spencer, E. A.; Appleby, P. N.; Allen, N. E.; Knox, K. H.; Key, T. J. "EPIC-Oxford: Lifestyle characteristics and nutrient intakes in a cohort of 33,883 meat-eaters and 31,546 non-meat-eaters in the UK." Public Health Nutrition. 2003 May; 6(3): 259–269. doi:10.1079/PHN2002430. PMID: 12740075.
  • Rosca, E. C.; Heneghan, C.; Spencer, E. A.; Brassey, J.; Plüddemann, A.; Onakpoya, I. J.; Evans, D.; Conly, J. M.; Jefferson, T. "Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 associated with cruise ship travel: A systematic review." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2022 Oct 9; 7 (10): 290. doi:10.3390/tropicalmed7100290. PMID: 36288031; PMCID: PMC9610645.
  • Rosca, E. C.; Heneghan, C.; Spencer, E. A.; Plüddemann, A.; Maltoni, S.; Gandini, S.; Onakpoya, I. J.; Evans, D.; Conly, J. M.; Jefferson, T. "Coinfection with Strongyloides and SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2023 Apr 25; 8(5):248. doi:10.3390/tropicalmed8050248. PMID: 37235296; PMCID: PMC10224069.

References

  1. "Elizabeth Spencer". www.cebm.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2025-01-06.
  2. "Elizabeth Spencer". www.cebm.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2025-01-06.
  3. "Evidence-based multimorbidity". www.cebm.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2025-01-06.
  4. Spencer, E. A.; Ford, G. A.; Chan, M. S.; Perera, R.; Heneghan, C. J. (2020-11-27), Biomarkers in the prediction of multimorbidity: scoping review, doi:10.1101/2020.11.25.20214999, retrieved 2025-01-06
  5. "Elizabeth Spencer". www.cebm.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2025-01-06.
  6. Suls, Jerry; Bayliss, Elizabeth A.; Berry, Jay; Bierman, Arlene S.; Chrischilles, Elizabeth A.; Farhat, Tilda; Fortin, Martin; Koroukian, Siran M.; Quinones, Ana; Silber, Jeffrey H.; Ward, Brian W.; Wei, Melissa; Young-Hyman, Deborah; Klabunde, Carrie N. (2021-08). "Measuring Multimorbidity: Selecting the Right Instrument for the Purpose and the Data Source". Medical Care. 59 (8): 743. doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000001566. ISSN 0025-7079. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. "Five things to consider before you do a systematic review". www.cebm.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2025-01-06.
  8. "Home". www.cebm.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2025-01-06.
  9. "Evidence-based multimorbidity". www.cebm.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2025-01-06.
  10. "Research projects". www.cebm.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2025-01-06.
  11. "Tamiflu as a treatment for influenza". www.cebm.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2025-01-07.
  12. "The Primodos story". www.cebm.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2025-01-06.
  13. "Green tea and blood pressure effects". www.cebm.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2025-01-06.
  14. "Transmission of SARS-CoV-2". www.cebm.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2025-01-06.
  15. "CEBM launches Open Evidence Reviews". Retrieved 2025-01-06.
  16. "PCR cycle threshold may be key to predicting infectiousness of people with asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic COVID-19, suggests new review". Retrieved 2025-01-06.
  17. "Evidence in Women's Health: Menopause and Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) - What are the risks, benefits and experiences for women?". podcasts.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2025-01-06.
  18. Roddam, Andrew W.; Spencer, Elizabeth; Banks, Emily; Beral, Valerie; Reeves, Gillian; Appleby, Paul; Barnes, Isobel; Whiteman, David C.; Keyal, Timothy J. (2005-04). "Reproducibility of a short semi-quantitative food group questionnaire and its performance in estimating nutrient intake compared with a 7-day diet diary in the Million Women Study". Public Health Nutrition. 8 (2): 201–213. doi:10.1079/PHN2004676. ISSN 1475-2727. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. Reeves, Gillian K.; Pirie, Kirstin; Beral, Valerie; Green, Jane; Spencer, Elizabeth; Bull, Diana; Million Women Study Collaboration (2007-12-01). "Cancer incidence and mortality in relation to body mass index in the Million Women Study: cohort study". BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 335 (7630): 1134. doi:10.1136/bmj.39367.495995.AE. ISSN 1756-1833. PMC 2099519. PMID 17986716.
  20. Liu, Bette; Balkwill, Angela; Spencer, Elizabeth; Beral, Valerie; Million Women Study Collaborators (2008-06). "Relationship between body mass index and length of hospital stay for gallbladder disease". Journal of Public Health (Oxford, England). 30 (2): 161–166. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdn011. ISSN 1741-3850. PMID 18308742. {{cite journal}}: |last5= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
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