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'''Old Stock Jews''', also referred to as '''Old Immigrant Jews''', are ] who have been present in the ] for multiple generations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shultz |first=Evan |date=9 September 2000 |title=Group Rights, American Jews, and the Failure of Group Libel Law 1913-1952 |url=https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1704&context=blr |journal=Brooklyn Law Review |pages=89}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lewis |first=David Levering |date=1984 |title=Parallels and Divergences: Assimilationist Strategies of Afro-American and Jewish Elites from 1910 to the Early 1930s |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1887471 |journal=The Journal of American History |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=543–564 |doi=10.2307/1887471 |issn=0021-8723}}</ref> '''Old Stock Jews''', also referred to as '''Old Immigrant Jews''', are ] who have been present in the ] for multiple generations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shultz |first=Evan |date=9 September 2000 |title=Group Rights, American Jews, and the Failure of Group Libel Law 1913-1952 |url=https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1704&context=blr |journal=Brooklyn Law Review |pages=89}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lewis |first=David Levering |date=1984 |title=Parallels and Divergences: Assimilationist Strategies of Afro-American and Jewish Elites from 1910 to the Early 1930s |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1887471 |journal=The Journal of American History |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=543–564 |doi=10.2307/1887471 |jstor=1887471 |issn=0021-8723}}</ref>
== History == == History ==
Unlike the term "]", which denotes ] with roots stretching back to the ], old stock Jews are a specific sub-group of ] who arrived any time before the mass immigration of ] in the late 19th century and later. The vast majority of these Jews were ] and ] arriving from ], ], ], or other ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Here in This Island We Arrived: Shakespeare and Belonging in Immigrant New York 9780271084213 |url=https://dokumen.pub/here-in-this-island-we-arrived-shakespeare-and-belonging-in-immigrant-new-york-9780271084213.html |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=dokumen.pub |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Eastern European Immigrants in the United States |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/eastern-european-immigrants-in-united-states#:~:text=American%20Jewish%20social%20reformers,%20the,on%20the%20middle-class%20model. |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1954-10-01 |title=The American Jewish Pattern, After 300 Years:The Recent Decades — the Prospect Ahead |url=https://www.commentary.org/articles/oscar-handlin/the-american-jewish-pattern-after-300-yearsthe-recent-decades-the-prospect-ahead/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=Commentary Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Unlike the term "]", which denotes ] with roots stretching back to the ], old stock Jews are a specific sub-group of ] who arrived any time before the mass immigration of ] in the late 19th century and later. The vast majority of these Jews were ] and ] arriving from ], ], ], or other ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Here in This Island We Arrived: Shakespeare and Belonging in Immigrant New York 9780271084213 |url=https://dokumen.pub/here-in-this-island-we-arrived-shakespeare-and-belonging-in-immigrant-new-york-9780271084213.html |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=dokumen.pub |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Eastern European Immigrants in the United States |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/eastern-european-immigrants-in-united-states#:~:text=American%20Jewish%20social%20reformers,%20the,on%20the%20middle-class%20model. |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1954-10-01 |title=The American Jewish Pattern, After 300 Years:The Recent Decades — the Prospect Ahead |url=https://www.commentary.org/articles/oscar-handlin/the-american-jewish-pattern-after-300-yearsthe-recent-decades-the-prospect-ahead/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=Commentary Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>


Some of these early Jewish immigrants, specifically those from Germany, promoted a higher degree of ] into ], in contrast with later waves of Jewish immigrants.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Assimilation in the United States: Nineteenth Century |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/assimilation-in-united-states-nineteenth-century |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jews in Early America |url=https://tourosynagogue.org/history/jews-in-early-america/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=Touro Synagogue |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jonas |first=Manfred |url=https://sites.americanjewisharchives.org/publications/journal/PDF/1988_40_02_00_jonas.pdf |title=A German-Jewish Legacy |publisher=American Jewish Archives}}</ref> Groups like the ] ] were led primarily by wealthy, assimilated German-Jews who claimed Jews were not a nation, but solely a religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Collection: Records of the American Council for Judaism {{!}} The Center for Jewish History ArchivesSpace |url=https://archives.cjh.org/repositories/3/resources/199 |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=archives.cjh.org}}</ref> However, many old stock Jews vehemently opposed assimilation and the ], such as Rabbi ]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singer |first=Saul Jay |date=2019-08-08 |title=Issac Mayer Wise vs. Isaac Leeser |url=https://www.jewishpress.com/sections/features/features-on-jewish-world/issac-mayer-wise-vs-isaac-leeser/2019/08/08/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> and Rabbi ].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Davis |first=Moshe |date=1947 |title=Sabato Morais: A Selected and Annotated Bibliography of His Writings |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43058326 |journal=Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society |issue=37 |pages=55–93 |issn=0146-5511}}</ref> Some of these early Jewish immigrants, specifically those from Germany, promoted a higher degree of ] into ], in contrast with later waves of Jewish immigrants.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Assimilation in the United States: Nineteenth Century |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/assimilation-in-united-states-nineteenth-century |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jews in Early America |url=https://tourosynagogue.org/history/jews-in-early-america/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=Touro Synagogue |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jonas |first=Manfred |url=https://sites.americanjewisharchives.org/publications/journal/PDF/1988_40_02_00_jonas.pdf |title=A German-Jewish Legacy |publisher=American Jewish Archives}}</ref> Groups like the ] ] were led primarily by wealthy, assimilated German-Jews who claimed Jews were not a nation, but solely a religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Collection: Records of the American Council for Judaism {{!}} The Center for Jewish History ArchivesSpace |url=https://archives.cjh.org/repositories/3/resources/199 |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=archives.cjh.org}}</ref> However, many old stock Jews vehemently opposed assimilation and the ], such as Rabbi ]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singer |first=Saul Jay |date=2019-08-08 |title=Issac Mayer Wise vs. Isaac Leeser |url=https://www.jewishpress.com/sections/features/features-on-jewish-world/issac-mayer-wise-vs-isaac-leeser/2019/08/08/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> and Rabbi ].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Davis |first=Moshe |date=1947 |title=Sabato Morais: A Selected and Annotated Bibliography of His Writings |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43058326 |journal=Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society |issue=37 |pages=55–93 |jstor=43058326 |issn=0146-5511}}</ref>


== Sources == == Sources ==

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Old Stock Jews, also referred to as Old Immigrant Jews, are Jews who have been present in the United States for multiple generations.

History

Unlike the term "Old Stock American", which denotes white Americans with roots stretching back to the colonial era, old stock Jews are a specific sub-group of American Jewry who arrived any time before the mass immigration of Eastern European Jews in the late 19th century and later. The vast majority of these Jews were Western Sephardim and Ashkenazim arriving from Holland, England, Germany, or other European colonies in the Americas.

Some of these early Jewish immigrants, specifically those from Germany, promoted a higher degree of assimilation into American culture, in contrast with later waves of Jewish immigrants. Groups like the anti-Zionist American Council for Judaism were led primarily by wealthy, assimilated German-Jews who claimed Jews were not a nation, but solely a religion. However, many old stock Jews vehemently opposed assimilation and the Reform movement, such as Rabbi Isaac Leeser and Rabbi Sabato Morais.

Sources

  1. Shultz, Evan (9 September 2000). "Group Rights, American Jews, and the Failure of Group Libel Law 1913-1952". Brooklyn Law Review: 89.
  2. Lewis, David Levering (1984). "Parallels and Divergences: Assimilationist Strategies of Afro-American and Jewish Elites from 1910 to the Early 1930s". The Journal of American History. 71 (3): 543–564. doi:10.2307/1887471. ISSN 0021-8723. JSTOR 1887471.
  3. "Here in This Island We Arrived: Shakespeare and Belonging in Immigrant New York 9780271084213". dokumen.pub. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
  4. "Eastern European Immigrants in the United States". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
  5. "The American Jewish Pattern, After 300 Years:The Recent Decades — the Prospect Ahead". Commentary Magazine. 1954-10-01. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
  6. "Assimilation in the United States: Nineteenth Century". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
  7. "Jews in Early America". Touro Synagogue. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
  8. Jonas, Manfred. A German-Jewish Legacy (PDF). American Jewish Archives.
  9. "Collection: Records of the American Council for Judaism | The Center for Jewish History ArchivesSpace". archives.cjh.org. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
  10. Singer, Saul Jay (2019-08-08). "Issac Mayer Wise vs. Isaac Leeser". Retrieved 2024-12-29.
  11. Davis, Moshe (1947). "Sabato Morais: A Selected and Annotated Bibliography of His Writings". Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society (37): 55–93. ISSN 0146-5511. JSTOR 43058326.
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