| Revision as of 15:29, 11 May 2005 editMongreilf (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users1,364 editsm →Plot summary← Previous edit | Revision as of 15:30, 11 May 2005 edit undoMongreilf (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users1,364 editsm →Plot summaryNext edit → | ||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
| This short story features many of Borges' signature themes, including ], ], ], and ]. The concept of the library is often compared to ]; it also overtly analogy the view of the universe as a ] having its center everywhere and its ] nowhere. The ] and ] ] employed this ], and in an earlier essay Borges noted that Pascal's manuscript called the sphere ''effroyable,'' or "frightful". | This short story features many of Borges' signature themes, including ], ], ], and ]. The concept of the library is often compared to ]; it also overtly analogy the view of the universe as a ] having its center everywhere and its ] nowhere. The ] and ] ] employed this ], and in an earlier essay Borges noted that Pascal's manuscript called the sphere ''effroyable,'' or "frightful". | ||
| Mathematicians have noticed further content in the story, in particular that the library is analogous to the ] of ], which contains every possible sequence of the ten numerical digits with a decimal point. (Strictly, such sequences are themselves infinite and here the analogy breaks down.) Mathematics considers this set (or collection) of numbers ], that is of an order of infinity greater than various other sets contained within it, such as the ], ] or ] numbers. In essence, like the books in the library, almost all real numbers are inaccesible or meaningless and those that are not form an almost invisible scattering among them. The idea that one infinity could be hopelessly lost in another far greater infinity was ] and was proven by him for the rational and real numbers respectively in ]. It is noteworthy that Cantor used the ] symbol to label his infinities and that another Borges story, ], also concerns the infinite. | Mathematicians have noticed further content in the story, in particular that the library is analogous to the ] of ], which contains every possible sequence of the ten numerical digits with a single decimal point. (Strictly, such sequences are themselves infinite and here the analogy breaks down.) Mathematics considers this set (or collection) of numbers ], that is of an order of infinity greater than various other sets contained within it, such as the ], ] or ] numbers. In essence, like the books in the library, almost all real numbers are inaccesible or meaningless and those that are not form an almost invisible scattering among them. The idea that one infinity could be hopelessly lost in another far greater infinity was ] and was proven by him for the rational and real numbers respectively in ]. It is noteworthy that Cantor used the ] symbol to label his infinities and that another Borges story, ], also concerns the infinite. | ||
| ==Sequel by other hands== | ==Sequel by other hands== | ||
Revision as of 15:30, 11 May 2005
"The Library of Babel" ("La biblioteca de Babel") is a short story by Argentine author (and librarian) Jorge Luis Borges, conceiving of a universe in the form of a vast library containing all possible 410-page books that can be composed in a certain character set.
The story originally appeared in Spanish in Borges's 1941 collection of stories El Jardín de senderos que se bifurcan (The Garden of Forking Paths). That entire book was, in turn, included within his much-reprinted Ficciones (1944). Two English-language translations appeared approximately simultaneously in 1962, one by James E. Irby in a diverse collection of Borges's works entitled Labyrinths and the other by Anthony Kerrigan as part of a collaborative translation of the entirety of Ficciones.
Plot summary
The story repeats the theme of Borges's 1939 story "The Total Library" ("La biblioteca total"). The narrator describes how his universe consists of an endless expanse of interlocking hexagonal rooms, each of which contains the bare necessities for human survival—and four walls of bookshelves. Though the order and content of the books is random and apparently completely meaningless, the inhabitants believe that the books contain every possible ordering of just a few basic characters (letters and punctuation marks). Though the majority of the books in this universe are pure gibberish, the library also must contain, somewhere, every coherent book ever written, or that might ever be written, and every possible permutation or slightly erroneous version of every one of those books. The narrator notes that the library must contain all useful information, including predictions of the future, biographies of any person, and translations of every book in all languages. Conversely, for any given text some language could be devised that would make it readable with any of an infinite number of different contents.
Despite—indeed, because of—this glut of information, all books are totally useless to the reader, leaving the librarians in a state of suicidal despair.
This short story features many of Borges' signature themes, including infinity, reality, cabalistic reasoning, and labyrinths. The concept of the library is often compared to Borel's dactylographic monkey theorem; it also overtly analogy the view of the universe as a sphere having its center everywhere and its circumference nowhere. The mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal employed this metaphor, and in an earlier essay Borges noted that Pascal's manuscript called the sphere effroyable, or "frightful".
Mathematicians have noticed further content in the story, in particular that the library is analogous to the set of real numbers, which contains every possible sequence of the ten numerical digits with a single decimal point. (Strictly, such sequences are themselves infinite and here the analogy breaks down.) Mathematics considers this set (or collection) of numbers uncountable, that is of an order of infinity greater than various other sets contained within it, such as the rational, algebraic or computable numbers. In essence, like the books in the library, almost all real numbers are inaccesible or meaningless and those that are not form an almost invisible scattering among them. The idea that one infinity could be hopelessly lost in another far greater infinity was Georg Cantor's and was proven by him for the rational and real numbers respectively in 1873. It is noteworthy that Cantor used the Aleph symbol to label his infinities and that another Borges story, The Aleph, also concerns the infinite.
Sequel by other hands
In "The Net of Babel", published in Interzone in 1995, David Langford imagines the Library becoming computerised for easy access. This aids the librarians in searching for specific text; it also highlights how futile such searches are; since they can find anything, none of it really means anything. The sequel continues many of Borges' themes, while also highlighting the difference between data and information, and satirising the Internet.
Miscellaneous
Excerpts from "The Library of Babel" were used in a choral piece (of the same name) by Ben Finn, commissioned for the opening of the Maitland-Robinson Library at Downing College, Cambridge by Prince Charles in November 1993.
External links
- The Spanish-language text of "La biblioteca de Babel".
- The James Irby translation of the "Library of Babel".