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			Che Guevara
	{{pp-semi\|small=yes}}
	{{Infobox revolution biography
	\|name = Ernesto "Che" Guevara
	\|lived = <!-- Note: Please do not change birth date June 14 without discussing on talk page first. -->June 14, 1928 – October 9, 1967 \|
	\|dateofbirth = <!-- Note: Please do not change birth date June 14 without discussing on talk page first. -->June 14, 1928<ref name=birthdate>The date of birth recorded on ] was June 14, 1928, although one tertiary source, (Julia Constenla, quoted by ]), asserts that he was actually born on May 14 of that year. Constenla alleges that she was told by an unidentified astrologer that his mother, Celia de la Serna, was already pregnant when she and Ernesto Guevara Lynch were married and that the date on the birth certificate of their son was forged to make it appear that he was born a month later than the actual date to avoid scandal. (], pp. 3, 769.)</ref>\|
	\|placeofbirth = ], ]\|
	\|dateofdeath = {{death date and age\|1967\|10\|9\|1928\|6\|14}}\|
	\|placeofdeath = ], ]\|
	\|image = ]
	\|caption = Che Guevara at the ] memorial service.
	Taken by ] on'' March 5, 1960\|
	\|organizations = ], United Party of the Cuban Socialist Revolution,<ref>Partido Unido de la Revolución Socialista de Cuba, aka PURSC </ref> ] \|
	}}
	'''Ernesto "Che" Guevara''' (<!-- Note: Please do not change birth date without discussing on talk page first. -->June 14,<ref name=birthdate/> 1928 – October 9, 1967), commonly known as '''Che Guevara''', '''El Che''', or simply '''Che''', was an ] ] ], politician, author, physician, military theorist, and ] leader. After his death, his stylized image became a ubiquitous ] symbol worldwide.

			-RACIST
	As a young medical student, Guevara traveled throughout ] and was transformed by the endemic ] he witnessed. His experiences and observations during these trips led him to conclude that the region's ingrained economic ] were an intrinsic result of ], ], and ], with the only remedy being ]. This belief prompted his involvement in ] social reforms under President ], whose eventual ] solidified Guevara's radical ideology.
			-MURDERER
			-THIEF
			-COWARD

			100% ENEMY
	Later, in ], he met ] and joined his ]. In December 1956, he was among the revolutionaries who invaded Cuba under Castro's leadership with the intention of overthrowing U.S.-backed Cuban ] ]. Guevara soon rose to prominence among the insurgents, was promoted to ''Comandante'', and played a pivotal role in the successful guerrilla campaign that deposed Batista.<ref>] 1960.</ref> Following the ],
	Guevara reviewed the appeals of those convicted as war criminals during the revolutionary tribunals.<ref>], p. 267.</ref> Later he served as minister of industry and president of the national bank, before traversing the globe as a diplomat to meet an array of world leaders on behalf of Cuban ]. He was also a prolific writer and diarist, composing a seminal manual on the theory and practice of ], along with an acclaimed ] about his ] across ]. Guevara left Cuba in 1965 to incite revolutions first in an unsuccessful attempt in ] and then in ], where he was captured with the help of the ] and executed.

	Both notorious for his harsh discipline and revered for his unwavering dedication to his revolutionary doctrines, Guevara remains an admired, controversial, and significant historical figure. As a result of his death and romantic visage, along with his invocation to armed ] and desire to create the consciousness of a "new man" driven by "moral" rather than "material" incentives,<ref>]</ref> Guevara evolved into a quintessential icon of ]-inspired movements as well as a global merchandising sensation. He has been mostly venerated and occasionally reviled in ] of biographies, memoirs, books, essays, documentaries, songs, and films. '']'' magazine named him one of the ] people of the 20th century,<ref>].</ref> while an ] photograph of him entitled ] (shown), was declared "the most famous photograph in the world."<ref>Maryland Institute of Art, referenced at ].</ref>

	==Early life==
	], ].</small>     ]]]]

	{{Cquote2\|The first thing to note is that in my son's veins flowed the blood of the ], the ] and the ]. Evidently Che inherited some of the features of our restless ancestors. There was something in his nature which drew him to distant wanderings, dangerous adventures and new ideas.\|Ernesto Guevara ], Che's Father<ref>]</ref>}}

	Ernesto Guevara was born on <!-- Note: Please do not change birth date without discussing on talk page first. -->June 14, 1928<ref name=birthdate/> in ], ], the eldest of five children in a family of ], ] and ] descent.<ref>Che's last name ''"Guevara"'' derives from the ] form of the ] ''"]"'', a habitational name from the province of ]. Through his grandmother, Ana Lynch, he was a descendant of ], an emigrant from ] in the 1740's.</ref> Growing up in a family with ] leanings, Guevara was introduced to a wide spectrum of political perspectives even as a boy. Growing up, his father, a supporter of ] and ] often had republicans from the ] in the Guevara home. This led to his later ideas of socialism.

	Though suffering from the crippling bouts of ] that were to afflict him throughout his life, he excelled as an athlete. He was an avid ] player and earned himself the nickname "Fuser"—a contraction of ''El Furibundo'' (raging) and his mother's surname, de la Serna—for his aggressive style of play.<ref>], p. 28.</ref> His schoolmates also nicknamed him ''"Chancho"'' ("pig"), because he rarely bathed, and proudly wore a "weekly shirt".

	]

	Guevara learned ] from his father and began participating in local tournaments by age 12. During adolescence and throughout his life he was passionate about poetry, especially that of ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>], pg 98.</ref> He could also recite ] '']'' and ] ''"]"'' from memory.<ref>], pg 98.</ref> The Guevara home contained more than 3,000 books, which allowed Guevara to be an enthusiastic and eclectic reader, with interests including ], ], ], ] and ].<ref>], p. 164.</ref> He also enjoyed reading ], ], ], ], and ]; as well as ], ], ], and ].<ref>(], p. 37-38)</ref>

	] As he grew older, he developed an interest in the Latin American writers ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>(], p. 37-38)</ref> Many of these authors' ideas he would catalog in his own handwritten notebooks of concepts, definitions, and philosophies of influential intellectuals. These included composing analytical sketches of ] and ], along with examining ] on love and patriotism, ] on society, and ] on the idea of death. ] ideas also fascinated him as he quoted him on a variety of topics from ] and ] to ] and the ].<ref>(], p. 37-38)</ref>

	In 1948, Guevara entered the ] to study medicine. But in 1951, he took a year off from studies to embark on a trip traversing ] by motorcycle with his friend ], with the final goal of spending a few weeks volunteering at the San Pablo ] in ], on the banks of the ]. Guevara used notes taken during this trip to write an account entitled '']'', which later became a ''New York Times'' best-seller,<ref>NYT bestseller list: , and on more occasions.</ref> and was adapted into a 2004 ] film of the ].

	Witnessing the widespread poverty, ] and disenfranchisement throughout Latin America, and influenced by his readings of ] literature, Guevara began to view armed revolution as the solution to social inequality. By trip's end, he also viewed Latin America not as separate nations, but as a single entity requiring a continent-wide liberation strategy. His conception of a borderless, united ] sharing a common ']' heritage was a theme that prominently recurred during his later revolutionary activities. Upon returning to Argentina, he completed his studies and received his medical diploma in June 1953.<ref>], pp. 98.</ref>

	==Guatemala==
	{{Cquote2\|After graduation, due to special circumstances and perhaps also to my character, I began to travel throughout America, and I became acquainted with all of it. Except for ] and ], I have visited, to some extent, all the other ]n countries. Because of the circumstances in which I traveled, first as a student and later as a doctor, I came into close contact with ], hunger and disease; with the inability to treat a child because of lack of money; with the stupefaction provoked by the continual hunger and punishment, to the point that a father can accept the loss of a son as an unimportant accident, as occurs often in the ] of our American homeland. And I began to realize at that time that there were things that were almost as important to me as becoming famous for making a significant contribution to medical science: I wanted to help those people.\|Che Guevara, 1960<ref> Speech to the Cuban Militia on August 19, 1960.</ref>}}

	On July 7, 1953, Guevara set out again, this time to ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]. In December 1953 he arrived in ] where President ] headed a democratically elected government that, through ] and other initiatives, was attempting to end the '']'' system. Guevara decided to settle down in Guatemala so as to "perfect self and accomplish whatever may be necessary in order to become a true revolutionary".<ref>], p. 26.</ref>

	] and other revolutionaries.</small> ]]

	In Guatemala City, Guevara sought out Hilda Gadea Acosta, a Peruvian economist who was well-connected politically as a member of the left-leaning ] (APRA). She introduced Guevara to a number of high-level officials in the ] government. Guevara also established contact with a group of Cuban exiles linked to ] through the July 26, 1953 attack on the ] in ].<ref>].</ref> During this period he acquired his famous nickname, due to his frequent use of the Argentine interjection '']'', which is used similarly to "hey" or "pal".<ref>], p. 172.</ref>

	Guevara's attempts to obtain a medical internship were unsuccessful and his economic situation was often precarious.<!--<ref name=precarious>Anderson 1997, pp. 139–141.</ref>--> On May 15, 1954 a shipment of ] infantry and light artillery weapons was sent from ] ] for the Arbenz Government and arrived in ],<ref name=usdepstate>].</ref><ref>], p. 144.</ref> prompting a CIA-sponsored coup attempt.<ref name=usdepstate /> Guevara was eager to fight on behalf of Arbenz and joined an armed ] organized by the Communist Youth for that purpose, but frustrated with the group's inaction, he soon returned to medical duties. Following the coup, he again volunteered to fight, but soon after, Arbenz took refuge in the Mexican Embassy and told his foreign supporters to leave the country. After Hilda Gadea was arrested, Guevara sought protection inside the Argentine ], where he remained until he received a safe-conduct pass some weeks later and made his way to ].<ref>], p. 74.</ref>

	The overthrow of the Arbenz regime cemented Guevara's view of the United States as an ] power that would oppose and attempt to destroy any government that sought to redress the socioeconomic inequality endemic to Latin America and other developing countries. This strengthened his conviction that Marxism achieved through armed struggle and defended by an armed populace was the only way to rectify such conditions.<ref></ref>

	==Cuba==
	] province, Cuba, November 1958</small> ]]

	{{Cquote2\|Che convinced Castro with competence, diplomacy and patience. When grenades were needed, Che set up a factory to make them. When bread was wanted, Che set up ovens to bake it. When new recruits needed to learn tactics and discipline, Che taught them. When a school was needed to teach peasants to read and write, Che organized it.\|'']'': "Castro's Brain", 1960<ref>] 1960.</ref>}}

	Guevara arrived in ] in early September 1954, and renewed his friendship with Ñico López and the other Cuban exiles whom he had met in Guatemala. In June 1955, López introduced him to ] who subsequently introduced him to his older brother, ], the revolutionary leader who had formed the ] and was now plotting to overthrow the dictatorship of ]. During a long conversation with Castro on the night of their first meeting, Guevara concluded that the Cuban's cause was the one for which he had been searching and before daybreak he had signed up as a member of the 26J Movement.<ref>], p. 93.</ref>

	Although he planned to be the group's medic, Guevara participated in the military training with the members of the Movement, and, at the end of the course, was called "the best guerrilla of them all" by their instructor, Colonel ].<ref>], p. 194.</ref> The first step in Castro's revolutionary plan was an assault on ] from Mexico via the ''],'' an old, leaky cabin cruiser. They set out for Cuba on November 25, 1956. Attacked by Batista's military soon after landing, many of the 82 men were either killed in the attack or executed upon capture; only 22 found each other afterwards.<ref>], p. 213.</ref> Guevara wrote that it was during this bloody confrontation that he laid down his medical supplies and picked up a box of ammunition dropped by a fleeing comrade, finalizing his symbolic transition from physician to combatant.

	]

	Only a small band of revolutionaries survived to re-group as a bedraggled fighting force deep in the ] mountains, where they received support from the ] network of ], the 26th of July Movement, and local country folk. With the group withdrawn to the Sierra, the world wondered whether Castro was alive or dead until early 1957 when the interview by ] appeared in '']''. The article presented a lasting, almost mythical image for Castro and the guerrillas. Guevara was not present for the interview, but in the coming months he began to realize the importance of the media in their struggle. Meanwhile, as supplies and morale grew low, Guevara considered these "the most painful days of the war."<ref>], pp. 110–111.</ref>

	At this point Castro promoted Guevara to ''comandante'' of a second army column. Guevara's first idea to hit an enemy garrison at Bueuycito did not go as planned. When his men were late to arrive, he began the attack without them. He told a sentry to halt, but when the sentry moved, Guevara decided to shoot. His gun jammed, as did the gun of the young rebel who was with him. Guevara fled under a hail of bullets, which in turn brought a hail of bullets from the rebels in the hills, and the barracks surrendered before Guevara repaired his tommy gun. Guevara later said of this moment, "My survival instincts took over."<ref>], Attack on Bueycito. (See reference to "El Viscaíno" on page 186.)</ref>

	As Guevara reconsidered his tactics, he imposed even harsher disciplinary treatment. Deserters were punished as traitors, and Guevara was known to send execution squads to hunt down those seeking to escape.<ref>], pp. 269–270.</ref> As a result, Guevara became feared for his brutality and ruthlessness.<ref>], pp. 105, 119.</ref> During the guerrilla campaign, Guevara was also responsible for the ] of a number of men accused of being ], ] or ].<ref name="execution-squads">], pp. 269–270, 277–278.</ref>

	His commanding officer ] has described Guevara as intelligent, daring, and an exemplary leader who "had great moral authority over his troops".<ref>], p. 177.</ref> Castro has also remarked that Guevara took too many risks, even having a "tendency toward foolhardiness".<ref>], p. 193.</ref>

	Guevara was instrumental in creating the clandestine radio station '']'' in February 1958, which broadcast news to the Cuban people and statements by the 26th of July movement, and provided radio telephone communication between the growing number of rebel columns across the island. Guevara had apparently been inspired to create the station by observing the effectiveness of ] supplied radio in Guatemala in ousting the government of ].<ref name="radio"></ref>

	], January 1, 1959</small> ]]

	In late July 1958, Guevara would play a critical role in the ] by using his column to halt a force of 1,500 men called up by Batista's General Cantillo in a plan to encircle and destroy Castro's forces. Years later, ] Major Larry Bockman, would analyze and describe Che's tactical appreciation of this battle as "brilliant".<ref>].</ref> As the war extended, Guevara led a new column of fighters dispatched westward for the final push towards ]. In the closing days of December 1958, Guevara directed his "suicide squad" in the ], that became the final decisive military victory of the revolution.<ref>], pp. 439–442.</ref><ref>], pp. 41–47, 81–87.</ref> Radio Rebelde broadcast the first reports that Guevara's column had ] on New Years Eve 1958. This contradicted reports by the heavily controlled national news media, which had at one stage reported Guevara's death during the fighting. Batista, upon learning that his generals were negotiating a separate peace with the rebel leader, fled to the ] the next day on January 1, 1959.

	===After the revolution===
	], Cuban President ], and Guevara. January 1959.</small>]]

	{{Cquote2\|Che was practically the architect of the ].\|Alexander Alexiev, ] official<ref>], p. 492.</ref>}}

	On January 8, 1959, Castro's army rolled victoriously into Havana. In February, the revolutionary government proclaimed Guevara "a Cuban citizen by birth" in recognition of his role in the triumph.<ref>], 397.</ref> When Hilda Gadea arrived in Cuba in late January, Guevara told her that he was involved with another woman, and the two "agreed on a divorce,"<ref>], pp. 400-401.</ref> which became finalized on May 22.<ref>], pp. 424.</ref> On June 2, 1959, he married Aleida March, a Cuban-born member of the 26th of July movement with whom he had been living since late 1958.<ref>Guevara had children from both his marriages, and one illegitimate child, as follows: With Hilda Gadea (married August 18, 1955; divorced May 22, 1959), Hilda Beatriz Guevara Gadea, born February 15, 1956 in ]; died August 21, 1995 in ], ]; with Aleida March (married June 2, 1959), ], born November 24, 1960 in Havana, Cuba, Camilo Guevara March, born May 20, 1962 in Havana, Cuba, Celia Guevara March, born June 14, 1963 in Havana, Cuba, and Ernesto Guevara March, born February 24, 1965 in Havana, Cuba; and with Lilia Rosa López (extramarital), Omar Pérez, born March 19, 1964 in Havana, Cuba (], pp. 264–265).</ref>

	During the rebellion against Batista's dictatorship, the general command of the rebel army, led by Fidel Castro, introduced into the liberated territories the 19th-century penal law commonly known as the ''Ley de la Sierra''.<ref>], p. 115. "The Penal Law of the War of Independence (July 28, 1896) was reinforced by Rule 1 of the Penal Regulations of the Rebel Army, approved in the Sierra Maestra February 21, 1958, and published in the army's official bulletin (Ley penal de Cuba en armas, 1959)" (], p. 123).</ref> This law included the death penalty for extremely serious crimes, whether perpetrated by the dictatorship or by supporters of the revolution. In 1959, the revolutionary government extended its application to the whole of the republic and to war criminals captured and tried after the revolution. According to the Cuban Ministry of Justice, this latter extension supported by the majority of the population, followed the same procedure as those in the ] held by the ] after ].<ref>], pp. 115–116).</ref> To implement this plan, Castro named Guevara commander of the ] prison, for a five-month tenure (January 2 through June 12, 1959).<ref>], pp. 372, 425.</ref> Guevara was charged with purging the Batista army and consolidating victory by exacting "revolutionary justice" against traitors, ''chivatos'', and Batista's war criminals.<ref>], p. 376.</ref> Serving in the post as commander of La Cabaña, Guevara reviewed the appeals of those convicted during the revolutionary tribunal process.<ref>], p. 267.</ref> On some occasions the penalty delivered by the tribunal was death by ].<ref>], p. 60</ref> Raúl Gómez Treto, senior legal advisor to the Cuban Ministry of Justice, considered removing restrictions on the death penalty to be justified in order to prevent citizens themselves from taking justice into their own hands.<ref>], p. 116).</ref> With 20,000 Cubans estimated to have been murdered at the hands of Batista's accomplices,<ref>], p. 61</ref> and a survey at the time showing 93% public approval for the tribunal process,<ref>] p. 267.</ref> the newly empowered Cuban government along with Guevara concurred. Although the exact numbers differ, it is estimated that several hundred people were executed during this time.<ref>Different sources cite different numbers of executions. ] gives the number specifically at La Cabaña prison as 55 (p. 387.), while also stating that as a whole "several hundred people were officially tried and executed across Cuba" (p. 387.). This is supported by ] who gives the figure as 216 documented executions across Cuba in two years.</ref>

	] philosophers ] and ] in March 1960. Guevara was also fluent in ].<ref>] shows Che Guevara speaking French.</ref></small>]]

	On June 12, 1959, as soon as Guevara returned to Havana, Castro sent him out on a three-month tour of 14 countries, most of them ] members in Africa and Asia. Sending Guevara from Havana also allowed Castro to appear to be distancing himself from Guevara and his ] sympathies, that troubled both the United States and some of Castro's 26th of July Movement members.<ref>], p. 423.</ref> He spent 12 days in Japan (July 15–27), participating in negotiations aimed at expanding Cuba's trade relations with that nation. During this visit, Guevara also secretly visited the city of ], where the American military had ] an ] 14 years earlier. Guevara was "really shocked" at what he witnessed and by his visit to a hospital where A-bomb survivors were being treated.<ref>]. Guevara requested that the Japanese government arrange for him to visit Hiroshima. When they refused, he covertly left his ] hotel to visit Hiroshima by night train, along with his aide Omar Fernández.</ref>

	Upon returning to Cuba in September 1959, it was evident that Castro now had more political power. The government had begun land seizures included in the agrarian reform law, but was hedging on compensation offers to landowners, instead offering low interest "bonds", which put the U.S. on alert. At this point the affected wealthy cattlemen of ] mounted a campaign against the land redistributions, and enlisted the newly disaffected rebel leader ], who along with the anti-Communist wing of the 26th of July Movement, joined them in denouncing the "Communist encroachment."<ref>], p. 435.</ref> During this time ] dictator ] was offering assistance to the "Anti-Communist Legion of the Caribbean" who was training in the Dominican Republic. This multi-national force comprised mostly of ] and Cubans, but also of ]ns, ], ], and right-wing mercenaries, were plotting to topple Castro.<ref>], p. 435.</ref>

	These developments prompted Castro to further clean house of "counter-revolutionaries", and appoint Guevara chief official at the National Institute of Agrarian Reform (INRA) and later President of the National Bank of Cuba (BNC), while allowing him to retain his military rank.<ref>Guevara was appointed Director of the Industrialization Department of the National Institute for Agrarian Reform on October 7, 1959, and President of the National Bank of Cuba on November 26, 1959.</ref>

	] by ], at an official ceremony in the Government palace, November 1960.</small>]]

	In 1960, the French freight boat '']'', carrying munitions from the port of ], exploded twice while being unloaded in Havana harbor, killing well over a 100 people.<ref>].</ref> Guevara provided first aid to victims. It was at the memorial service for the victims of this explosion that ] took the famous photograph now known as ].

	Guevara desired to see a diversification in Cuba's economy, as well as an elimination of material incentives in favor of moral ones. He viewed ] as a "contest among wolves" where "one can only win at the cost of others", and thus desired to see the creation of a "new man and woman".<ref> by Che Guevara, March 1965</ref> An integral part of fostering a sense of "unity between the individual and the mass", Guevara believed, was volunteer work and will. To display this, Guevara "led by example", working "endlessly at his ministry job, in construction, and even cutting sugar cane" on his day off.<ref></ref> During this time he also wrote several publications advocating a replication of the Cuban revolutionary model, promoting small rural guerrilla groups ('']'') as an alternative to massive armed insurrection.

	Guevara did not participate in the fighting of the 1961 ], having been ordered by Castro to a secretly prearranged command post in Cuba's western ], where he fended off a decoy force.<ref>], p. 506.</ref> During this deployment, he suffered a bullet grazing to the cheek when his pistol fell out of its holster and accidentally discharged.<ref>], p. 507.</ref> In August 1961, during an economic conference of the ] in ], ], Che Guevara sent a note of "gratitude" to U.S. President ] through ], a young secretary of the White House. It read "Thanks for Playa Girón (Bay of Pigs). Before the invasion, the revolution was shaky. Now it's stronger than ever."<ref>], p. 509.</ref>

	Guevara played a key role in bringing to Cuba the Soviet nuclear-armed ]s that precipitated the ] in October 1962. During an interview with the British Communist newspaper The '']'' a few weeks after the crisis, Guevara still fuming, stated that if the missiles had been under Cuban control, they would have fired them off.<ref>], p. 545.</ref> Sam Russell, the British correspondent who spoke to Guevara at the time came away with "mixed feelings", calling him "a warm character" and "clearly a man of great intelligence", but "crackers from the way he went on about the missiles."<ref>], p. 545.</ref>

	===Leaves Cuba===
	{{Cquote2\|This epic before us is going to be written by the hungry Indian masses, the peasants without land, the ]. It is going to be written by the ], the honest and brilliant ], who so greatly abound in our suffering Latin American lands. Struggles of masses and ideas. An epic that will be carried forward by our peoples, mistreated and ]; our people, unreckoned with until today, who are now beginning to shake off their slumber. ] considered us a weak and submissive flock; and now it begins to be terrified of that flock; a gigantic flock of 200 million Latin Americans in whom ] ] now sees its gravediggers.\|Che Guevara, to the ], December 11, 1964.<ref> December 11, 1964, 19th General Assembly of the United Nations in New York. </ref>}}

	In December 1964, Che Guevara traveled to New York City as head of the Cuban delegation to speak at the ]. He also appeared on the ] Sunday news program '']''<ref>].</ref> and met with a range of people, from U.S. Senator ]<ref>], pg 271.</ref> to associates of ]. Malcolm X expressed his admiration, declaring Guevara "one of the most revolutionary men in this country right now" while reading a statement from Guevara to a crowd at the ].<ref>], p. 618.</ref>

	On December 17, Guevara left for ] and embarked on a three-month tour that included the ], the ] (]), ], ], ], ], ], ] and ], with stops in ] and ]. In ] on February 24, 1965, he made what turned out to be his last public appearance on the international stage when he delivered a speech at an economic seminar on Afro-Asian solidarity.<ref>], p. 350.</ref> He specified the moral duty of the socialist countries, accusing them of tacit complicity with the exploiting Western countries. He proceeded to outline a number of measures which he said the communist-bloc countries must implement in order to accomplish the defeat of imperialism.<ref>], pp. 352–59.</ref> Having criticized the ] (the primary financial backer of Cuba) in such a public manner, he returned to Cuba on March 14 to a solemn reception by Fidel and Raúl Castro, Osvaldo Dorticós and Carlos Rafael Rodríguez at the Havana airport.

	Two weeks later, in 1965 Guevara dropped out of public life and then vanished altogether. His whereabouts were a great mystery in Cuba, as he was generally regarded as second in power to Castro himself. His disappearance was variously attributed to the failure of the ] scheme he had advocated while minister of industry, to pressure exerted on Castro by Soviet officials disapproving of Guevara's pro-] stance on the ], and to serious differences between Guevara and the pragmatic Castro regarding Cuba's economic development and ideological line. Castro had grown increasingly wary of Guevara's popularity and considered him a potential threat. Castro's critics sometimes say his explanations for Guevara's disappearance have always been suspect.
	] in ], November 1964</small> ]]
	The coincidence of Guevara's views with those expounded by the Chinese Communist leadership was increasingly problematic for Cuba as the nation's economy became more and more dependent on the Soviet Union. Since the early days of the Cuban revolution, Guevara had been considered by many an advocate of ] strategy in Latin America and the originator of a plan for the rapid industrialization of Cuba which was frequently compared to China's "]". According to Western observers of the Cuban situation, the fact that Guevara was opposed to Soviet conditions and recommendations that Castro pragmatically saw as necessary, may have been the reason for his disappearance. However, both Guevara and Castro were supportive publicly on the idea of a united front.

	Following the ] and what Guevara perceived as a Soviet betrayal when ] withdrew the missiles from Cuban territory, Guevara had grown more skeptical of the Soviet Union. As revealed in his last speech in Algiers, he had come to view the ], led by the U.S. in the West and the Soviet Union in the East, as the exploiter of the ]. He strongly supported Communist ] in the ], and urged the peoples of other developing countries to take up arms and create "many Vietnams".<ref>], p. ???.</ref>

	Pressed by international speculation regarding Guevara's fate, Castro stated on June 16, 1965 that the people would be informed when Guevara himself wished to let them know. Still, rumors spread both inside and outside Cuba. On October 3, Castro revealed an undated letter purportedly written to him by Guevara some months earlier: in it, Guevara reaffirmed his enduring solidarity with the Cuban Revolution, but declared his intention to leave Cuba to fight for the revolutionary cause abroad. Additionally, he resigned from all his positions in the government and party, and renounced his honorary Cuban citizenship.<ref>].</ref> Guevara's movements continued to be a closely guarded secret for the next two years.

	==Congo==
	]
	] shortwave receiver are (seated from the left) Rogelio Oliva, José María Martínez Tamayo (known as "Mbili" in the Congo and "Ricardo" in Bolivia), and Guevara. Standing behind them is Roberto Sánchez ("Lawton" in Cuba and "Changa" in the Congo).</small> ]]

	In 1965, Guevara decided to venture to West Africa and offer his knowledge and experience as a guerrilla to the ongoing ]. According to Algerian President ], Guevara thought that Africa was imperialism's weak link and therefore had enormous revolutionary potential.<ref>].</ref> Egyptian President ] who had fraternal relations with Che dating back to his 1959 visit, saw Guevara's plans to fight in the Congo as "unwise" and warned that he would become a "]" figure, doomed to failure.<ref>], p. 624.</ref> Despite the warning, Guevara led the Cuban operation in support of the Marxist Simba movement, which had emerged from the ongoing ]. Guevara, his second-in-command ], and 12 other Cuban expeditionaries arrived in the Congo on April 24, 1965 and a contingent of approximately 100 ]s joined them soon afterward.<ref>], p 62.</ref><ref>] p. 219.</ref> They collaborated for a time with guerrilla leader ], who had previously helped supporters of the slain ] lead an unsuccessful revolt months earlier. Disillusioned with the discipline of Kabila's troops, Guevara would dismiss him, stating "nothing leads me to believe he is the man of the hour."<ref>].</ref>

	South African mercenaries, led by ] in concert with Cuban exiles and the CIA, worked with the Congolese army to thwart Guevara. They were able to monitor his communications, and so pre-empted his attacks and interdicted his supply lines. Despite the fact that Guevara sought to conceal his presence in the Congo, the U.S. government was aware of his location and activities: The ] was intercepting all of his incoming and outgoing transmissions via equipment aboard the ''USNS Valdez'', a floating listening post which continuously cruised the ] off ] for that purpose.<ref>"The intercept operators knew that Dar-es-Salaam was serving as a communications center for the fighters, receiving messages from Castro in Cuba and relaying them on to the guerrillas deep in the bush<!--Is this all a quotation?--> (], p. 181).</ref>

	Guevara's aim was to ] by instructing local Simba fighters in ] ideology and ] strategies of ]. In his ''Congo Diary'', he cites the incompetence, intransigence and infighting of the local Congolese forces as key reasons for the revolt's failure.<ref>].</ref> Later that year, ill with ], suffering from asthma, and disheartened after seven months of frustrations, Guevara left the Congo with the Cuban survivors. (Six members of his column had died.) At one point Guevara considered sending the wounded back to Cuba, and fighting in Congo alone until his death, as a revolutionary example; however, after being urged by his comrades and pressed by two emissaries sent by Castro, at the last moment he reluctantly agreed to retreat. A few weeks later, when writing the preface to the diary he kept during the Congo venture, he began: "This is the history of a failure."<ref>], p. 1.</ref>

	Guevara was reluctant to return to Cuba, because Castro had made public Guevara's "farewell letter" —a letter intended to only be revealed in the case of his death—wherein he severed all ties in order to devote himself to revolution throughout the world.<ref>], p. 316.</ref> As a result, Guevara spent the next six months living clandestinely in Dar es Salaam and Prague. During this time he compiled his memoirs of the Congo experience, and wrote drafts of two more books, one on philosophy and the other on economics. He also visited several Western European countries to test his new false identity papers, created by ] for his later travels to South America.

	==Bolivia==
	] shortly before his death, 1967.</small> ]]
	Guevara's location was still not public knowledge. Representatives of ]'s independence movement, the ], reported that they met with Guevara in late 1966 or early 1967 in Dar es Salaam regarding his offer to aid in their revolutionary project, which they ultimately rejected.<ref>], p. 38.</ref> In a speech at the 1967 ] rally in Havana, the Acting Minister of the armed forces, Major ], announced that Guevara was "serving the revolution somewhere in Latin America". The persistent reports that he was leading the guerrillas in Bolivia were eventually shown to be true.

	At Castro's behest, a parcel of ] land in the remote Ñancahuazú region had been purchased by native Bolivian Communists for Guevara to use as a training area and base camp.

	Training at this camp in the Ñancahuazú valley proved to be more hazardous than combat to Guevara and the Cubans accompanying him. Little was accomplished in the way of building a guerrilla army. Former ] operative ], better known by her '']'' "Tania", who had been installed as his primary agent in ], was reportedly also working for the ] and is widely inferred to have unwittingly served Soviet interests by leading Bolivian authorities to Guevara's trail.<ref>].</ref><ref>], p. 693.</ref>

	].</small> ]]
	Guevara's guerrilla force, numbering about 50 and operating as the ELN (''Ejército de Liberación Nacional de Bolivia''; "]"), was well equipped and scored a number of early successes against Bolivian regulars in the difficult terrain of the mountainous ] region. But in September, the Army managed to eliminate two guerrilla groups in a violent battle, reportedly killing one of the leaders.

	Guevara's plan for fomenting revolution in Bolivia failed, apparently because it was based on three primary misconceptions:
	* He had expected to deal only with the Bolivian military, who were poorly trained and equipped. However, Guevara was unaware that the U.S. government had sent the CIA and other operatives into Bolivia to aid the anti-insurrection effort. The Bolivian Army would also be trained, advised, and supplied by ] including a recently organized elite battalion of ] trained in ] that set up camp in ], a small settlement close to the location of Guevara's guerrillas.<ref>] and ], pp. 82–102, ''inter alia''. "U.S. military personnel in Bolivia never exceeded 53 advisors, including a sixteen-man Mobile Training Team (MTT) from the ] based at Fort Gulick, Panama Canal Zone" (]).</ref>
	* Guevara had expected assistance and cooperation from the local dissidents which he did not receive, nor did he receive support from Bolivia's Communist Party, under the leadership of ], which was oriented toward Moscow rather than Havana. In Guevara's own diary captured after his death, he would bristle with complaints about the Bolivian Communist Party, which he characterized as "distrustful, disloyal and stupid."<ref>, ''Time Magazine'', Dec 15 1967</ref>
	* He had expected to remain in radio contact with Havana. However, the two shortwave transmitters provided to him by Cuba were faulty; thus the guerrillas were unable to communicate with and be resupplied, leaving them isolated and stranded.

	In addition, Guevara's known preference for confrontation rather than compromise, which had previously surfaced during his guerrilla warfare campaign in Cuba, contributed to his inability to develop successful working relationships with local leaders in Bolivia, just as it had in the Congo.<ref>].</ref> This tendency had existed in Cuba, but had been kept in check by the timely interventions and guidance of Fidel Castro.<ref>], pp. 107–112; 131–132.</ref>

	===Capture and execution===
	]            ''' ]]

	], a ] operative, said that he headed the hunt for Guevara in Bolivia.<ref>], p. ??.</ref> On October 7, an informant apprised the Bolivian Special Forces of the location of Guevara's guerrilla encampment in the Yuro ravine. They encircled the area, and Guevara was wounded and taken prisoner while leading a detachment with ]. Che biographer ] reports Bolivian Sergeant Bernardino Huanca's account: that a twice wounded Guevara, his gun rendered useless, shouted "Do not shoot! I am Che Guevara and worth more to you alive than dead."<ref>], p.733.</ref>

	Guevara was tied up and taken to a dilapidated mud schoolhouse in the nearby village of ] on the night of October 7. For the next day and a half Guevara refused to be interrogated by Bolivian officers and would only speak quietly to Bolivian soldiers. In one instance on the night of October 8, Guevara despite having his hands tied, kicked Bolivian Officer Espinosa into the wall, after the officer entered the schoolhouse in order to snatch Guevara's pipe from his mouth as a souvenir.<ref>“In Cold Blood: The Execution of Che by the CIA”, by Michèle Ray, Ramparts Magazine, March 1968, pg 33</ref> In another instance of defiance, Guevara spat in the face of Bolivian Rear Admiral Urgateche shortly before his execution.<ref>“In Cold Blood: The Execution of Che by the CIA”, by Michèle Ray, Ramparts Magazine, March 1968, pg 34</ref>

	The following morning on October 9, Guevara asked to see the "maestra" (school teacher) of the village, who ended up being 22-year-old Julia Cortez. Cortez would later state that she found Guevara to be an "agreeable looking man with a soft and ironic glance" and that during their conversation she found herself "unable to look him in the eye", because his "gaze was unbearable, piercing, and so tranquil."<ref>“In Cold Blood: The Execution of Che by the CIA”, by Michèle Ray, Ramparts Magazine, March 1968, pg 33</ref> During their short conversation, Guevara complained to Cortez about the poor condition of the schoolhouse, stating that it was "anti-]" to expect campesino students to be educated there, while "government officials drive ] cars" ... declaring "that's what we are fighting against."<ref>“In Cold Blood: The Execution of Che by the CIA”, by Michèle Ray, Ramparts Magazine, March 1968, pg 33</ref>

	Later that morning on October 9, Bolivian President ] ordered that Guevara be killed. The executioner was ], a sergeant in the Bolivian army who had drawn a short straw after arguments over who would get to shoot Guevara broke out among the soldiers. To make the bullet wounds appear consistent with the story the government planned to release to the public, Félix Rodríguez ordered Terán to aim carefully to make it appear that Guevara had been killed in action during a clash with the Bolivian army.<ref>]. René Barrientos has never revealed his motives for ordering the summary execution of Guevara.</ref>

	Moments before Guevara was executed he was asked if he was thinking about his own immortality. "No," he replied, "I'm thinking about the immortality of the revolution."<ref>].</ref> Che Guevara also allegedly said to his executioner, "I know you've come to kill me. Shoot, coward, you are only going to kill a man."<ref>], p. 739.</ref> Terán hesitated, then pulled the trigger of his semiautomatic rifle, hitting Guevara in the arms and legs. Guevara writhed on the ground, apparently biting one of his wrists to avoid crying out. Terán shot him again, this time hitting him fatally in the chest – at 1:10 pm, according to Rodríguez.<ref>], pp. 739.</ref> In all Guevara was shot nine times. This included five times in the legs, once in the right shoulder and arm, once in the chest, and lastly in the throat.<ref>“In Cold Blood: The Execution of Che by the CIA”, by Michèle Ray, Ramparts Magazine, March 1968, pg 34</ref>

	His body was then lashed to the landing skids of a helicopter and flown to nearby ] where photographs were taken, showing a figure described by some as "Christ-like" lying on a concrete slab in the laundry room of the Nuestra Señora de Malta hospital.<ref>] and ].</ref>

	A declassified memorandum dated October 11, 1967 to US President ] from his senior adviser, ], called the decision to kill Guevara "stupid" but "understandable from a Bolivian standpoint."<ref>].</ref> After the execution, Rodríguez took several of Guevara's personal items, including a watch which he continued to wear many years later, often showing them to reporters during the ensuing years.<ref>After the Cuban revolution, seeing that Guevara had no watch, his friend Oscarito Fernández Mell gave him his own gold watch. Sometime later, Che handed him a piece of paper; a receipt from the National Bank declaring that Mell had "donated" his gold wristband to Cuba's gold reserve. Guevara was still wearing his watch, but it now had a leather wristband (], p. 503).</ref> Today, some of these belongings, including his flashlight, are on display at the CIA.<ref>].</ref> After a military doctor amputated his hands, Bolivian army officers transferred Guevara's body to an undisclosed location and refused to reveal whether his remains had been buried or cremated. The hands were preserved in ] to be sent to Buenos Aires for fingerprint identification. (His fingerprints were on file with the Argentine police.) They were later sent to Cuba. On October 15, Castro acknowledged that Guevara was dead and proclaimed three days of public mourning throughout the island.<ref>], pp. 740.</ref> On October 18, Castro addressed a crowd of almost one million people in Havana and spoke about Guevara's character as a revolutionary.<ref>], pp. 741.</ref>

	] ] ] ‎who was captured in April 1967 while with Guevara in Bolivia, gave a jailhouse interview in August of 1968, where he extrapolated on the reasons for Guevara's demise. Debray, who had lived with Guevara's band of guerrillas for a short time, espoused that in his view they were "victims of the forest" and thus "eaten by the jungle."<ref>"Regis Debray Speaks from Prison", by Marlene Nadle, Ramparts Magazine, August 24, 1968, pg 42</ref> Debray described a destitute situation where Guevara's men suffered malnutrition, lack of water, absence of shoes, and only possessed six blankets for 22 men. Debray also recounts that Guevara and the others had been suffering an "illness" which caused their hands and feet to swell into "mounds of flesh" to the point where you could not discern the fingers on their hands.<ref>"Regis Debray Speaks from Prison", by Marlene Nadle, Ramparts Magazine, August 24, 1968, pg 42</ref> Despite the futile situation, Debray described Guevara as "optimistic about the future of Latin America" and remarked that Guevara was "resigned to die in the knowledge that his death would be a sort of renaissance", noting that Guevara perceived death "as a promise of rebirth" and "ritual of renewal."<ref>"Regis Debray Speaks from Prison", by Marlene Nadle, Ramparts Magazine, August 24, 1968, pg 42</ref>

	]

	Bolivian General Mario Vargas told ], author of ''Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life'', that Guevara's body was located near Vallegrande Airstrip. Vargas later said that his story originated from hearsay. A first group of searchers located some bone fragments of soldiers with Guevara. Gustavo Villoldo, a former CIA operative, said that he knew the location of Guevara's bones and offered to retrieve them for the Cuban Government. In 1997 team of Cubans said that they discovered Guevara's remains. Anderson said that the bones belonged to Guevara because the search team had an euphoric manner upon finding the bones. Jaime Nino de Guzman, a Bolivian army major, said that he doubted that the bones belonged to Guevara until he discovered that the bones had a tobacco pouch. The Cuban government says that on October 17, 1997, his remains, with those of six of his fellow combatants, were laid to rest with military honors in a specially built ] in the city of Santa Clara, where he had won the decisive battle of the Cuban Revolution.<ref>Tamayo, Juan O. "." '']''. Friday September 19, 1997.</ref> In 2007 Villoldo said that the bones in Cuba are not Guevara's. Villoldo said that he has a lock of hair taken from Guevara that would determine the authenticity of the bones.<ref>"." '']''. March 28, 2007. <!--NOTE: This citation does have information related to Che Guevara's tomb - please search the article for "Che Guevara" to find the relevant information--></ref>

	Removed when Guevara was captured was his 30,000-word, hand-written diary, a collection of his personal poetry, and a short story he authored about a young Communist guerrilla who learns to overcome his fears.<ref>, Time Magazine, Dec 15 1967</ref> His diary documented events of the guerrilla campaign in Bolivia<ref>].</ref> with the first entry on November 7, 1966 shortly after his arrival at the farm in Ñancahuazú, and the last dated October 7, 1967, the day before his capture. The diary tells how the guerrillas were forced to begin operations prematurely due to discovery by the Bolivian Army, explains Guevara's decision to divide the column into two units that were subsequently unable to re-establish contact, and describes their overall unsuccessful venture. It also records the rift between Guevara and the Bolivian Communist Party that resulted in Guevara having significantly fewer soldiers than originally expected and shows that Guevara had a great deal of difficulty recruiting from the local populace, due in part to the fact that the guerrilla group had learned ], unaware that the local language was actually ].<ref>], p. 45</ref> As the campaign drew to an unexpected close, Guevara became increasingly ill. He suffered from ever-worsening bouts of asthma, and most of his last offensives were carried out in an attempt to obtain medicine.<ref>], p. 104</ref>

	The Bolivian Diary was quickly and crudely translated by '']'' magazine and circulated around the world.<ref>], p. 148</ref> There are at least four additional diaries in existence—those of Israel Reyes Zayas (Alias "Braulio"), Harry Villegas Tamayo ("Pombo"), Eliseo Reyes Rodriguez ("Rolando")<ref>].</ref> and Dariel Alarcón Ramírez ("Benigno")<ref>].</ref>—each of which reveals additional aspects of the events. In July of 2008, the Bolivian government unveiled Guevara's formerly sealed diaries composed in two frayed notebooks, along with a logbook and several black-and-white photographs. At this event, Bolivia's vice minister of culture, Pablo Groux, expressed that there were plans to publish photographs of every handwritten page later in the year.<ref> by Eduardo Garcia, Reuters, July 7, 2008</ref>

	==Legacy==
	]
	{{main articles\|Legacy of Che Guevara\|Che Guevara in popular culture}}
	Forty years after his execution, Che's life and deeds still remain a contentious issue.

	Some view Che Guevara as a hero;<ref> by David Rieff, November 20, 2005, New York Times</ref> for example, ] referred to him as "an inspiration for every human being who loves freedom" while ] described him as "not only an intellectual but also the most complete human being of our age."<ref>].</ref> Guevara remains a beloved national hero to many in Cuba, where his image adorns the 3 $ ] and school children begin each morning by pledging "We will be like Che."<ref>].</ref> In his native homeland of Argentina, where high schools bear his name,<ref> by Helen Popper, Reuters, June 14, 2008</ref> numerous Che museums dot the country, which in 2008 unveiled a 12 foot bronze statue of him in his birth city of ].<ref> by Daniel Schweimler, BBC News, June 15, 2008</ref> Additionally, Guevara has been ] by some Bolivian ] as ], to whom they pray for assistance.<ref>].</ref>

	Conversely, others view him as a spokesman for a failed ideology and as a ruthless ]. ], for example, writes that "Che Guevara is not a free-floating icon of rebellion. He was an actual person who supported an actual system of tyranny."<ref>].</ref> Detractors have also theorized that in much of Latin America, Che-inspired revolutions had the practical result of reinforcing brutal militarism for many years.<ref>].</ref> He also remains a hated figure amongst many in the ] community, who view him with animosity as "the butcher of ]."<ref>].</ref>

	Moreover, Guevara has ] been subsumed by the capitalist ] he despised. The primary variable of this phenomenon has been a ] graphic of his face, which has become one of the World's most universally ] images,<ref>].</ref> found on an endless array of items including: t-shirts, hats, posters, tattoos, and even bikinis.<ref>].</ref> Yet, Guevara also remains an iconic figure both in specifically political contexts<ref>].</ref> and as a wide-ranging popular icon of youthful rebellion.<ref name=myth>].</ref>

	==Timeline==
	{{cgtimeline}}

	==] Archival footage==
	* Guevara reciting a poem, (1:00),   <small>English subtitles, from El Che: Investigating a Legend - Kultur Video 2001,</small> ''''''
	* Guevara showing support for Fidel Castro, (0:22),   <small>English subtitles, from El Che: Investigating a Legend - Kultur Video 2001,</small> ''''''
	* Guevara speaking about labor, (0:28),   <small>English subtitles, from El Che: Investigating a Legend - Kultur Video 2001,</small> ''''''
	* Guevara speaking about the ], (0:17),   <small>English subtitles, from El Che: Investigating a Legend - Kultur Video 2001,</small> ''''''
	* Guevara speaking out against ], (1:20),   <small>English subtitles, from El Che: Investigating a Legend - Kultur Video 2001,</small> ''''''

	==List of works==
	:::<small>'''Originally written in Spanish by Ernesto "Che" Guevara, later translated into English'''</small>
	*''A New Society: Reflections for Today's World'',   <small>Ocean Press, 1996, ISBN 1875284060</small>
	*''Back on the Road: A Journey Through Latin America'',   <small>Grove Press, 2002, ISBN 0802139426</small>
	*''Che Guevara, Cuba, and the Road to Socialism'',   <small>Pathfinder Press, 1991, ISBN 0873486439</small>
	*''Che Guevara on Global Justice'',   <small>Ocean Press (AU), 2002, ISBN 1876175451</small>
	*''Che Guevara: Radical Writings on Guerrilla Warfare, Politics and Revolution,''   <small>Filiquarian Publishing, 2006, ISBN 1599869993</small>
	*''Che Guevara Speaks: Selected Speeches and Writings'',   <small>Pathfinder Press (NY), 1980, ISBN 0873486021</small>
	*''Che Guevara Talks to Young People'',   <small>Pathfinder, 2000, ISBN 087348911X</small>
	*''Colonialism is Doomed'',   <small>Ministry of External Relations: Republic of Cuba, 1964, ASIN B0010AAN1K</small>
	*''Critical Notes on Political Economy: A Revolutionary Humanist Approach to Marxist Economics''   <small>Ocean Press, 2008, ISBN 1876175559</small>
	*''Episodes of the Cuban Revolutionary War, 1956–58'',   <small>Pathfinder Press (NY), 1996, ISBN 0873488245</small>
	* '']: Authorized Edition''   <small>Ocean Press, 2006, ISBN 1920888284</small>
	* ''Latin America: Awakening of a Continent'',   <small>Ocean Press, 2005, ISBN 1876175737</small>
	*''Marx & Engels: An Introduction'',   <small>Ocean Press, 2007, ISBN 1920888926</small>
	*''Our America And Theirs: Kennedy And The Alliance For Progress'',   <small>Ocean Press, 2006, ISBN 1876175818</small>
	*'']: Authorized Edition''   <small>Ocean Press, 2005, ISBN 1920888330</small>
	*''Self Portrait Che Guevara'',   <small>Ocean Press (AU), 2004, ISBN 1876175826</small>
	*''Socialism and Man in Cuba'',   <small>Pathfinder Press (NY), 1989, ISBN 0873485777</small>
	*''The African Dream: The diaries of the Revolutionary War in the Congo''   <small>Grove Press, 2001, ISBN 0802138349</small>
	*''The Argentine'',   <small>Ocean Press (AU), 2008, ISBN 1920888934</small>
	*''The Bolivian Diary of Ernesto Che Guevara''   <small>Pathfinder Press, 1994, ISBN 0873487664</small>
	*''The Che Guevara Reader'',   <small>Ocean Press (AU), 2003, ISBN 1876175699</small>
	*''The Diary of Che Guevara: The Secret Papers of a Revolutionary'',   <small>Amereon Ltd, ISBN 0891902244</small>
	*''The Great Debate on Political Economy'',   <small>Ocean Press, 2006, ISBN 1876175540</small>
	*'']: A Journey Around South America''   <small>London: Verso, 1996, ISBN 1857023994</small>
	*''To Speak the Truth: Why Washington's "Cold War" Against Cuba Doesn't End'',   <small>Pathfinder, 1993, ISBN 0873486331</small>
	</div class="references-small">

	==Notes==
	{{reflist\|colwidth=30em}}

	==References==
	{{refbegin\|colwidth=30em}}
	*<cite id=refRamirez1997> Alarcón Ramírez, Dariel "Benigno" (1997). ''Le Che en Bolivie''. Paris: Éditions du Rocher. ISBN 2-268-02437-7.</cite>
	*<cite id=refAlekseev1984> Alekseev, Aleksandr (October 1984). "Cuba después del triunfo de la revolución" ("Cuba after the triumph of the revolution"). Moscow: ''America Latina''.</cite>
	*<cite id=refAlmudevar2007> ] (October 9, 2007). "". ''San Francisco Chronicle''.</cite>
	*<cite id=refAnderson1997>] (1997). ''Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life''. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 0-8021-1600-0.</cite>
	*<cite id=refBamford2002> ] (2002). ''Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency'' (Reprint edition). New York: Anchor Books. ISBN 0-385-49908-6.</cite>
	*<cite id=refBBCNews2001a> BBC News (January 17, 2001). "". Accessed April 10, 2008.</cite>
	*<cite id=refBBCNews2001b> ] (May 26, 2001). ''''. Accessed January 4, 2006.</cite>
	*<cite id=refBBCNews2007> BBC News (October 9, 2007). "". ''BBC News, International version''.</cite>
	*<cite id=refBenBella1997> Ben Bella, Ahmed (October 1997). "". ''Le Monde diplomatique''. mondediplo.com. Accessed February 28, 2008.</cite>
	*<cite id=refBockman1984> Bockman, USMC Major Larry James (April 1, 1984). ''''. United States: Marine Corps Command and Staff College.</cite>
	*<cite id=refCastaneda1998> Castañeda, Jorge G (1998). ''Che Guevara: Compañero''. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-75940-9.</cite>
	*<cite id=refCastro1972> ] (editors Bonachea, Rolando E. and Nelson P. Valdés; 1972). ''Revolutionary Struggle 1947–1958''. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-02065-3.</cite>
	*<cite id=refCubanArchives> Cuban Information Archives. "". Accessed February 26, 2006; pictures can be seen at Cuban site .</cite>
	*<cite id=refDePalma2006> DePalma, Anthony (2006). ''The Man Who Invented Fidel: Castro, Cuba, and Herbert L. Matthews of the New York Times''. New York: Public Affairs. ISBN 1-58648-332-3.</cite>
	*<cite id=refDorfman1999> ] (June 14, 1999). ''''. Time Inc.</cite>
	*<cite id=refDorschner1980> Dorschner, John and Roberto Fabricio (1980). ''The Winds of December: The Cuban Revolution of 1958''. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegen. ISBN 0698109937.</cite>
	*<cite id=refDRivera2005> ](March 25, 2005). "". ''Latin Beat Magazine''. Accessed June 18, 2006.</cite>
	*<cite id=refDumur1964> Dumur, Jean (interviewer) (1964). '''' (Video clip; 9:43).</cite>
	*<cite id=refGalvez1999> Gálvez, William (1999). ''Che in Africa: Che Guevara's Congo Diary''. Melbourne: Ocean Press, 1999. ISBN 1-876175-08-7.</cite>
	*<cite id=refTreto1991> Gómez Treto, Raúl (Spring 1991). . ''Latin American Perspectives'' '''18(2)''', Cuban Views on the Revolution. 114-125.</cite>
	*<cite id=refGott2004> ] (2004). ''Cuba: A new history''. Yale University Press.</cite>
	*<cite id=refGott2005> Gott, Richard (August 11, 2005). "". ''Le Monde diplomatique''. Accessed February 26, 2006.</cite>
	*<cite id=refGrant2007> Grant, Will (October 8, 2007). "". ''BBC News''. Accessed February 29, 2008.</cite>
	*<cite id=refGuevara1995> Guevara, Ernesto "Che" (1995). ''Motorcycle Diaries''. London: Verso Books.</cite>
	*<cite id=refGuevara1996> Guevara, Ernesto "Che" (editor Waters, Mary Alice) (1996). ''Episodes of the Cuban Revolutionary War 1956–1958''. New York: Pathfinder. ISBN 0-87348-824-5.</cite>
	*<cite id=refGuevara1965> Guevara, Ernesto "Che" (1965). "Che Guevara's Farewell Letter".</cite>
	*<cite id=refGuevara1967a> Guevara, Ernesto "Che" (1967a). "English Translation of Complete Text of his ''Message to the Tricontinental''", or see ].</cite>
	*<cite id=refGuevara1967b> Guevara, Ernesto "Che" (1967b). ''"Diario (Bolivia)"''. Written 1966–1967. </cite>
	*<cite id=refGuevara1969> Guevara, Ernesto "Che" (editors Bonachea, Rolando E. and Nelson P. Valdés; 1969). ''Che: Selected Works of Ernesto Guevara'', Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-52016-8</cite>
	*<cite id=refGuevara1972> Guevara, Ernesto "Che" (1972). ''Pasajes de la guerra revolucionaria''.</cite>
	*<cite id=refGuevara2000> Guevara, Ernesto "Che" (translated from the Spanish by Patrick Camiller; 2000). ''The African Dream''. New York: Grove Publishers. ISBN 0-8021-3834-9.</cite>
	* <cite id=refGuevara2005> Guevara, Ernesto "Che" (2005). "" (First published March 12, 1965 as "From Algiers, for Marcha. The Cuban Revolution Today"). ''The Che Reader''. Ocean Press. </cite>
	*<cite id=refGuevaraLynch2000> Guevara Lynch, Ernesto (2000). ''Aquí va un soldado de América''. Barcelona: Plaza y Janés Editores, S.A. ISBN 84-01-01327-5.</cite>
	*<cite id=refHaney2005> Haney, Rich (2005). ''Celia Sánchez: The Legend of Cuba's Revolutionary Heart''. New York: Algora Pub. ISBN-10: 0875863957.</cite>
	*<cite id=refHari2007> ] (October 6, 2007). "". '']''.</cite>
	*<cite id=refHart2004> Hart, Joseph (2004). ''Che: The Life, Death, and Afterlife of a Revolutionary''. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press. ISBN-10: 1560255196.</cite>
	*<cite id=refIgnacio2007> Ramonez, Ignacio (2007). Translated by Andrew Hurley. ''Fidel Castro: My Life'' London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978 0 1410 2626 8</cite>
	*<cite id=refIrelandsOwn2000> Ireland's Own (August 12, 2000). ''''. Accessed January 11, 2006.</cite>
	*<cite id=refKornbluh1997> ] (1997). ''''. National Security Archive. Accessed March 25, 2007.</cite>
	*<cite id=refLacey2007a> Lacey, Mark (October 26, 2007). "". ''New York Times''.</cite>
	*<cite id=refLacey2007b> Lacey, Mark (October 9, 2007). "". ''The New York Times''.</cite>
	*<cite id=refLago>Lago, Armando M (September 2005). "{{PDFlink\|\|24.8 KB}}". ''Cuba: the Human Cost of Social Revolution''. (Manuscript pending publication.) Summit, NJ: Free Society Project. </cite>
	*<cite id=refLavretsky1976>Ernesto Che Guevara, by I. Lavretsky, Progress Publishers, 1976, ASIN B000B9V7AW, pg.5</cite>
	*<cite id=refMittleman1981> Mittleman, James H (1981). ''Underdevelopment and the Transition to Socialism – Mozambique and Tanzania''. New York: Academic Press. ISBN 0125006608</cite>
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	*<cite id=refTime1970> Time Magazine (October 12, 1970). "".</cite>
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	*<cite id=refPeoplesWeekly2004> "World Combined Sources" (October 2, 2004). "". ''People's Weekly World''.</cite>
	{{refend}}

	==External links==
	{{Multicol}}
	*ABC News:
	* Che Guevara Internet Archive: '''----'''
	* CNN (video):
	*Death of Che Guevara:
	*Democracy Now:
	* Discovery Channel:

	{{Multicol-break}}
	*MSNBC Slideshow:
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	*Slate Magazine:
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	{{Multicol-end}}

	{{Che Guevara}}
	{{Cold War}}
	{{Cold War figures}}

	{{Persondata
	\|NAME=Guevara, Che
	\|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Ernesto Guevara de la Serna, el Che
	\|SHORT DESCRIPTION=] ], ], and leader of ]n and internationalist ]s
	\|DATE OF BIRTH=May 14, 1928
	\|PLACE OF BIRTH=], ]
	\|DATE OF DEATH=October 9, 1967
	\|PLACE OF DEATH=], ]
	}}
	{{Lifetime\|1928\|1967\|Guevara, Che}}
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Revision as of 01:47, 12 November 2008

Che Guevara

-RACIST -MURDERER -THIEF -COWARD

100% ENEMY