Misplaced Pages

Pyroluria: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editNext edit →Content deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 17:02, 26 November 2008 editTimVickers (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users58,184 edits →Description: attribute Pfeiffer's book to publisher← Previous edit Revision as of 17:04, 26 November 2008 edit undoTimVickers (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users58,184 edits →Description: add refNext edit →
Line 7: Line 7:
According to proponents, one of the ]s (''kryptopyrrole'' or ''mauve factor'') is a by-product of improper ] synthesis.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Irvine DG, Bayne W, Miyashita H, Majer JR |title=Identification of kryptopyrrole in human urine and its relation to psychosis |journal=Nature |volume=224 |issue=5221 |pages=811–3 |year=1969 |pmid=5361661 |doi=10.1038/224811a0}}</ref><ref>>{{cite journal |author=Irvine DG, Bayne W, Miyashita H, Majer JR |title=Identification of kryptopyrrole in human urine and its relation to psychosis |doi = 10.1038/224811a0 |journal=Nature |volume=224 |issue=5221 |pages=811–3 |year=1969 |accessdate=2008-02-17}}</ref> However, other pyrroles have been implicated, and what literature exists on this topic is unclear.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Irvine DG |title=Hydroxy-hemopyrrolenone, not kryptopyrrole, in the urine of schizophrenics and porphyrics |journal=Clin. Chem. |volume=24 |issue=11 |pages=2069–70 |year=1978 |pmid=709853 |url=http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=709853}}</ref> These pyrroles are then said to bind to ], and ] and are eliminated through urine, potentially causing deficiencies of these compounds. Pyrolurics are also said to become deficient in ]s (specifically ]). However, other studies have either failed to detect hemopyrrole and kryptopyrrole in the urine of either normal controls or schizophrenics,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Gendler PL, Duhan HA, Rapoport H |title=Hemopyrrole and kryptopyrrole are absent from the urine of schizophrenics and normal persons |url=http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/reprint/24/2/230 |journal=Clin. Chem. |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=230–3 |year=1978 |pmid=627053}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Jacobson SJ, Rapoport H, Ellman GL |title=The nonoccurrence of hemo- and kryptopyrrole in urine of schizophrenics |journal=Biol. Psychiatry |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=91–3 |year=1975 |pmid=1120177}}</ref> or found no correlation between these chemicals and mental illness.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Gorchein A |title=Urine concentration of 3-ethyl-5-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-delta 3-pyrrolin-2-one ('mauve factor') is not causally related to schizophrenia or to acute intermittent porphyria |journal=Clin. Sci. |volume=58 |issue=6 |pages=469–76 |year=1980 |pmid=7428279}}</ref> According to proponents, one of the ]s (''kryptopyrrole'' or ''mauve factor'') is a by-product of improper ] synthesis.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Irvine DG, Bayne W, Miyashita H, Majer JR |title=Identification of kryptopyrrole in human urine and its relation to psychosis |journal=Nature |volume=224 |issue=5221 |pages=811–3 |year=1969 |pmid=5361661 |doi=10.1038/224811a0}}</ref><ref>>{{cite journal |author=Irvine DG, Bayne W, Miyashita H, Majer JR |title=Identification of kryptopyrrole in human urine and its relation to psychosis |doi = 10.1038/224811a0 |journal=Nature |volume=224 |issue=5221 |pages=811–3 |year=1969 |accessdate=2008-02-17}}</ref> However, other pyrroles have been implicated, and what literature exists on this topic is unclear.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Irvine DG |title=Hydroxy-hemopyrrolenone, not kryptopyrrole, in the urine of schizophrenics and porphyrics |journal=Clin. Chem. |volume=24 |issue=11 |pages=2069–70 |year=1978 |pmid=709853 |url=http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=709853}}</ref> These pyrroles are then said to bind to ], and ] and are eliminated through urine, potentially causing deficiencies of these compounds. Pyrolurics are also said to become deficient in ]s (specifically ]). However, other studies have either failed to detect hemopyrrole and kryptopyrrole in the urine of either normal controls or schizophrenics,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Gendler PL, Duhan HA, Rapoport H |title=Hemopyrrole and kryptopyrrole are absent from the urine of schizophrenics and normal persons |url=http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/reprint/24/2/230 |journal=Clin. Chem. |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=230–3 |year=1978 |pmid=627053}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Jacobson SJ, Rapoport H, Ellman GL |title=The nonoccurrence of hemo- and kryptopyrrole in urine of schizophrenics |journal=Biol. Psychiatry |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=91–3 |year=1975 |pmid=1120177}}</ref> or found no correlation between these chemicals and mental illness.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Gorchein A |title=Urine concentration of 3-ethyl-5-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-delta 3-pyrrolin-2-one ('mauve factor') is not causally related to schizophrenia or to acute intermittent porphyria |journal=Clin. Sci. |volume=58 |issue=6 |pages=469–76 |year=1980 |pmid=7428279}}</ref>


The pyroluria hypothesis was advocated by ] of ], the ''Princeton Brain-Bio Center'', a precursor of the ].<ref name ="CarlPheifferBio">{{cite web | last =Saul | first =A.W. | coauthors =Jolliffe M, Hoffer A | title = Bibliography of the Publications of Carl Pfeiffer, MD, PhD | url = http://www.doctoryourself.com/biblio_pfeiffer_ed.html | publisher = doctoryourself.com | accessdate = 2007-04-19}}</ref> According to Pfeiffer, pyroluria is a form of schizophrenic ], similar to ] where both ]s and ]s are excreted in the ] to an excessive degree.<ref name="NH">{{cite web | title = Pyroluria | publisher =nutritional-healing.com | url =http://www.nutritional-healing.com.au/content/articles-content.php?heading=Pyroluria | accessdate = 2008-02-17}}</ref> In a book published in 1988 by ''Healing Arts Press'', an imprint of a publishing house that focusses on spiritual and healing traditions, Pfeiffer described the histories of patients that he treated for pyroluria; he diagnosed these people as suffering from schizophrenia and according to measurements performed by Pfeiffer, they had high levels of kryptopyroles in their urine. Pfeiffer wrote that these people returned to health within a week, after he gave them large amounts of vitamin B6 and zinc.<ref name = Pfeiffer>{{cite book |author=Pfeiffer, Carl C. |title=Nutrition and Mental Illness: An Orthomolecular Approach to Balancing Body Chemistry |publisher=Healing Art Press |location= |year= |pages= |isbn=0-89281-226-5}}</ref> The pyroluria hypothesis was advocated by ] of ], the ''Princeton Brain-Bio Center'', a precursor of the ].<ref name ="CarlPheifferBio">{{cite web | last =Saul | first =A.W. | coauthors =Jolliffe M, Hoffer A | title = Bibliography of the Publications of Carl Pfeiffer, MD, PhD | url = http://www.doctoryourself.com/biblio_pfeiffer_ed.html | publisher = doctoryourself.com | accessdate = 2007-04-19}}</ref> According to Pfeiffer, pyroluria is a form of schizophrenic ], similar to ] where both ]s and ]s are excreted in the ] to an excessive degree.<ref name="NH">{{cite web | title = Pyroluria | publisher =nutritional-healing.com | url =http://www.nutritional-healing.com.au/content/articles-content.php?heading=Pyroluria | accessdate = 2008-02-17}}</ref> In a book published in 1988 by ''Healing Arts Press'', an imprint of a publishing house that focuses on spiritual and healing traditions,<ref>, Company information, accessed 26 November 2008</ref> Pfeiffer described the histories of patients that he treated for pyroluria; he diagnosed these people as suffering from schizophrenia and according to measurements performed by Pfeiffer, they had high levels of kryptopyroles in their urine. Pfeiffer wrote that these people returned to health within a week, after he gave them large amounts of vitamin B6 and zinc.<ref name = Pfeiffer>{{cite book |author=Pfeiffer, Carl C. |title=Nutrition and Mental Illness: An Orthomolecular Approach to Balancing Body Chemistry |publisher=Healing Art Press |location= |year= |pages= |isbn=0-89281-226-5}}</ref>


The Center claims an 85% success rate for treating ], ], and ], but other scientists say their methods have not been rigorously tested.<ref name=Skertic>{{cite news | first = Mark | last = Skertic | title = For some, a question of balancing nutrients | publisher = SunTimes.com | date = ] ]}} Available at Retrieved on ]</ref> The Center claims an 85% success rate for treating ], ], and ], but other scientists say their methods have not been rigorously tested.<ref name=Skertic>{{cite news | first = Mark | last = Skertic | title = For some, a question of balancing nutrients | publisher = SunTimes.com | date = ] ]}} Available at Retrieved on ]</ref>

Revision as of 17:04, 26 November 2008

It has been suggested that this article be merged into orthomolecular medicine. (Discuss)

Pyroluria (or malvaria from the term mauve factor) is a controversial diagnosis in the branch of orthomolecular medicine, a branch of alternative medicine and is alleged to be caused by the presence of excessive levels of a pyrrole in the body.

Pyroluria was initially described by Abram Hoffer, a pioneer in alternative medicine such as orthomolecular medicine and orthomolecular psychiatry. Proponents claim that pyroluria is relatively common, but few, if any, mainstream medical experts regard the condition as genuine, with few or no articles on pyroluria found in modern medical literature, and the approach is described as "snake oil" by critics, such as the pediatrician and author Julian Haber.

Description

According to proponents, one of the pyrroles (kryptopyrrole or mauve factor) is a by-product of improper hemoglobin synthesis. However, other pyrroles have been implicated, and what literature exists on this topic is unclear. These pyrroles are then said to bind to vitamin B6, and zinc and are eliminated through urine, potentially causing deficiencies of these compounds. Pyrolurics are also said to become deficient in omega-6 fatty acids (specifically arachidonic acid). However, other studies have either failed to detect hemopyrrole and kryptopyrrole in the urine of either normal controls or schizophrenics, or found no correlation between these chemicals and mental illness.

The pyroluria hypothesis was advocated by Carl Pfeiffer of Emory University, the Princeton Brain-Bio Center, a precursor of the Pfeiffer Treatment Center. According to Pfeiffer, pyroluria is a form of schizophrenic porphyria, similar to acute intermittent porphyria where both pyrroles and porphyrins are excreted in the human urine to an excessive degree. In a book published in 1988 by Healing Arts Press, an imprint of a publishing house that focuses on spiritual and healing traditions, Pfeiffer described the histories of patients that he treated for pyroluria; he diagnosed these people as suffering from schizophrenia and according to measurements performed by Pfeiffer, they had high levels of kryptopyroles in their urine. Pfeiffer wrote that these people returned to health within a week, after he gave them large amounts of vitamin B6 and zinc.

The Center claims an 85% success rate for treating ADHD, autism, and schizophrenia, but other scientists say their methods have not been rigorously tested.

Pyroluria is sometimes claimed to affect people with ADHD, alcoholism, autism, depression, down syndrome, manic-depression, and schizophrenia. However, pyroluria is not considered related to schizophrenia in conventional medicine.

Individuals who are assessed as having pyroluria may be diagnosed with coeliac disease, epilepsy, or psychosis; proponents say these may be mis-diagnoses, actually representing symptoms of the underlying pyroluria. Pyroluria is sometimes claimed to have a genetic origin, with proponents saying the condition runs in families. The elevated kryptopyrroles that are said to be found in pyrolurics are claimed to increase dramatically when these people experience stress.

Footnotes

  1. Heleniak E, Lamola S (1986). "A new prostaglandin disturbance syndrome in schizophrenia: delta-6-pyroluria". Med Hypotheses. 19 (4): 333–8. doi:10.1016/0306-9877(86)90106-4. PMID 3520252.
  2. LaPerchia P (1987 Fall). "Behavioral disorders, learning disabilities and megavitamin therapy". Adolescence. 22 (87): 729–38. PMID 2963502. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  3. National Library for Health (2005-10-05). "What is pyroluria, is it an accepted clinical entity and what are the treatment?". Retrieved 2008-02-17. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ Skertic, Mark (April 21 2002). "For some, a question of balancing nutrients". SunTimes.com. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) Available at the internet archive. Retrieved on 2008-02-17
  5. Irvine DG, Bayne W, Miyashita H, Majer JR (1969). "Identification of kryptopyrrole in human urine and its relation to psychosis". Nature. 224 (5221): 811–3. doi:10.1038/224811a0. PMID 5361661.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. >Irvine DG, Bayne W, Miyashita H, Majer JR (1969). "Identification of kryptopyrrole in human urine and its relation to psychosis". Nature. 224 (5221): 811–3. doi:10.1038/224811a0. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. Irvine DG (1978). "Hydroxy-hemopyrrolenone, not kryptopyrrole, in the urine of schizophrenics and porphyrics". Clin. Chem. 24 (11): 2069–70. PMID 709853.
  8. Gendler PL, Duhan HA, Rapoport H (1978). "Hemopyrrole and kryptopyrrole are absent from the urine of schizophrenics and normal persons". Clin. Chem. 24 (2): 230–3. PMID 627053.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. Jacobson SJ, Rapoport H, Ellman GL (1975). "The nonoccurrence of hemo- and kryptopyrrole in urine of schizophrenics". Biol. Psychiatry. 10 (1): 91–3. PMID 1120177.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. Gorchein A (1980). "Urine concentration of 3-ethyl-5-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-delta 3-pyrrolin-2-one ('mauve factor') is not causally related to schizophrenia or to acute intermittent porphyria". Clin. Sci. 58 (6): 469–76. PMID 7428279.
  11. Saul, A.W. "Bibliography of the Publications of Carl Pfeiffer, MD, PhD". doctoryourself.com. Retrieved 2007-04-19. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  12. "Pyroluria". nutritional-healing.com. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
  13. Inner Traditions, Company information, accessed 26 November 2008
  14. Pfeiffer, Carl C. Nutrition and Mental Illness: An Orthomolecular Approach to Balancing Body Chemistry. Healing Art Press. ISBN 0-89281-226-5.
  15. ^ James A. Jackson, M.T., (ASCP), Ph.D., BCLD; Hugh D. Riordan, M.D.; Sharon Neathery, M.T.; Neil H. Riordan, PA-C. (1997). "Urinary Pyrrole in Health and Disease" (PDF). The Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine. 12 (2nd Quarter): 96–8. Retrieved 2008-02-17.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Cite error: The named reference "Urinary Pyrrole" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  16. Holman, Paul (July 1995). "Pyroxidine - Vitamin B-6" (PDF). Journal of Australian College of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine. 14 (1): 5–16. Retrieved 2007-04-19.
  17. Cruz R, Vogel W (1978). "Pyroluria: a poor marker in chronic schizophrenia". Am J Psychiatry. 135 (10): 1239–40. PMID 696910.
  18. "Pyroluria and Elevated Kryptopyrrole". Direct Healthcare Access II Laboratory Inc. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
  19. ^ Edelman, Eva (2001). Natural Healing for Schizophrenia and Other Common Mental Disorders (3rd ed.). Borage Books. ISBN 0965097676.
  20. Walsh WJ, Glab LB, Haakenson ML (2004). "Reduced violent behavior following biochemical therapy". Physiol. Behav. 82 (5): 835–9. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.06.023. PMID 15451647.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

References

  • Braverman, Eric (2003). The Healing Nutrients Within: Facts, Findings, and New Research on Amino Acids (3rd ed.). Basic Health Publications. ISBN 1-59120-037-7. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Edelman, Eva (2001). Natural Healing for Schizophrenia: And Other Common Mental Disorders. Borage Books. ISBN 0-9650976-7-6.
  • Hoffer, Abram (2004). Healing Schizophrenia: Complementary Vitamin & Drug Treatments. CCNM Press. ISBN 1-897025-08-4.
  • Hoffer, Abram (1999). Orthomolecular Treatment for Schizophrenia: Megavitamin supplements and nutritional strategies for healing and recovery. Keats Publishing. ISBN 0-87983-910-4.
  • Pfeiffer, Carl C. (1988). Nutrition and Mental Illness : An Orthomolecular Approach to Balancing Body Chemistry. Healing Arts Press. ISBN 0-89281-226-5.
  • Reading, Chris M. (2002). Trace Your Genes to Health: Use Your Family Tree to Guide Your Diet, Enhance Your Immune System and Overcome Chronic Disease. Vital Health Publishing. ISBN 1-890612-23-5. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
Categories:
Pyroluria: Difference between revisions Add topic