Office Open XML: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively ← Previous edit Next edit →Content deleted Content addedVisual WikitextInline

Revision as of 14:37, 14 November 2009 editNigelj (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers13,869 edits rv edits by 200.111.171.246 which had the overall effect of removing lots of material, semi-reinstating lots of commented-out material and breaking the references section - even after SmackBot fixes← Previous edit		Revision as of 14:56, 14 November 2009 edit undoSmackBot (talk \| contribs)3,734,324 editsm Add references section and/or general fixes.Next edit →
Line 71:		Line 71:
	'''Office Open XML''' (also referred to as '''OOXML''' or '''Open XML''') is a ] originally developed by ]<ref>{{ cite web \| url = https://www.microsoft.com/presspass/features/2005/nov05/11-21Ecma.mspx \| title = Q&A: Microsoft Co-Sponsors Submission of Office Open XML Document Formats to Ecma International for Standardization \| date = 2005-11-21 \| publisher = Microsoft }}</ref> for representing ]s, ]s, ]s and ] documents.		'''Office Open XML''' (also referred to as '''OOXML''' or '''Open XML''') is a ] originally developed by ]<ref>{{ cite web \| url = https://www.microsoft.com/presspass/features/2005/nov05/11-21Ecma.mspx \| title = Q&A: Microsoft Co-Sponsors Submission of Office Open XML Document Formats to Ecma International for Standardization \| date = 2005-11-21 \| publisher = Microsoft }}</ref> for representing ]s, ]s, ]s and ] documents.

	Starting with ], the Office Open XML file formats (ECMA-376) have become the default<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://www.microsoft.com/Presspass/press/2008/may08/05-21ExpandedFormatsPR.mspx?rss_fdn=Press%20Releases \| title = Microsoft Expands List of Formats Supported in Microsoft Office \| publisher = Microsoft \| accessdate = 2008-05-21 }}</ref> file format of ].<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://www.courierpress.com/news/2008/oct/24/microsofts-future-lies-somewhere-beyond-the/ \| title = Microsoft's future lies somewhere beyond the Vista by Evansville Courier & Press \| publisher = Courierpress.com \| accessdate = 2009-05-19 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1795 \| title = Rivals Set Their Sights on Microsoft Office: Can They Topple the Giant? - Knowledge@Wharton \| publisher = Knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu \| accessdate = 2009-05-19}}</ref>.		Starting with ], the Office Open XML file formats (ECMA-376) have become the default<ref name="microsoft.com">{{ cite web \| url = http://www.microsoft.com/Presspass/press/2008/may08/05-21ExpandedFormatsPR.mspx?rss_fdn=Press%20Releases \| title = Microsoft Expands List of Formats Supported in Microsoft Office \| publisher = Microsoft \| accessdate = 2008-05-21 }}</ref> file format of ].<ref name="courierpress.com">{{ cite web \| url = http://www.courierpress.com/news/2008/oct/24/microsofts-future-lies-somewhere-beyond-the/ \| title = Microsoft's future lies somewhere beyond the Vista by Evansville Courier & Press \| publisher = Courierpress.com \| accessdate = 2009-05-19 }}</ref><ref name="knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu">{{ cite web \| url = http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1795 \| title = Rivals Set Their Sights on Microsoft Office: Can They Topple the Giant? - Knowledge@Wharton \| publisher = Knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu \| accessdate = 2009-05-19}}</ref>.

	== Background ==		==Background==

	In 2000, Microsoft released an initial version of an ]-based format for Microsoft Excel, which was incorporated in Office XP. In 2002, a new file format for Microsoft Word followed.<ref name="ooxmlhistory">{{ cite web \| url = http://blogs.msdn.com/brian_jones/archive/2007/01/25/office-xml-formats-1998-2006.aspx \| title = History of office XML formats (1998–2006) \| author = Brian Jones \| publisher = MSDN blogs \| date = 2007-01-25}}</ref> The Excel and Word formats – known as the ] – were later incorporated into the 2003 release of Microsoft Office.		In 2000, Microsoft released an initial version of an ]-based format for Microsoft Excel, which was incorporated in Office XP. In 2002, a new file format for Microsoft Word followed.<ref name="ooxmlhistory">{{ cite web \| url = http://blogs.msdn.com/brian_jones/archive/2007/01/25/office-xml-formats-1998-2006.aspx \| title = History of office XML formats (1998–2006) \| author = Brian Jones \| publisher = MSDN blogs \| date = 2007-01-25}}</ref> The Excel and Word formats – known as the ] – were later incorporated into the 2003 release of Microsoft Office.
Line 79:		Line 79:
	Microsoft announced in November 2005 that it would standardize the new version of their XML-based formats through ], as "Ecma Office Open XML".<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/features/2005/nov05/11-21Ecma.mspx \| title = Microsoft Co-Sponsors Submission of Office Open XML Document Formats to Ecma International for Standardization \| publisher = Microsoft \| date = 2005-11-21}}</ref>		Microsoft announced in November 2005 that it would standardize the new version of their XML-based formats through ], as "Ecma Office Open XML".<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/features/2005/nov05/11-21Ecma.mspx \| title = Microsoft Co-Sponsors Submission of Office Open XML Document Formats to Ecma International for Standardization \| publisher = Microsoft \| date = 2005-11-21}}</ref>

	== Standardization process ==		==Standardization process==
	{{Main\|Standardization of Office Open XML}}		{{Main\|Standardization of Office Open XML}}

Line 96:		Line 96:
	The ISO standardization of Office Open XML was controversial and embittered, with ] threatening to leave standards bodies that it said allow dominant corporations like Microsoft to wield undue influence. Microsoft was accused of co-opting the standardization process by leaning on countries to ensure that it got enough votes at the ISO for Office Open XML to pass.<ref>{{cite news \|title=ISO publishes Office Open XML specification \|newspaper=] \|date=19 November 2008 \|url=http://www.infoworld.com/t/applications/iso-publishes-office-open-xml-specification-918 }}</ref>		The ISO standardization of Office Open XML was controversial and embittered, with ] threatening to leave standards bodies that it said allow dominant corporations like Microsoft to wield undue influence. Microsoft was accused of co-opting the standardization process by leaning on countries to ensure that it got enough votes at the ISO for Office Open XML to pass.<ref>{{cite news \|title=ISO publishes Office Open XML specification \|newspaper=] \|date=19 November 2008 \|url=http://www.infoworld.com/t/applications/iso-publishes-office-open-xml-specification-918 }}</ref>

	== Licensing ==		==Licensing==

	Under the Ecma International code of conduct in patent matters,<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/codeofconduct.htm \| title = Code of Conduct in Patent Matters \| publisher = Ecma International}}</ref> participating and approving member organisations of ECMA are required to make available their patent rights on a ] (RAND) basis.		Under the Ecma International code of conduct in patent matters,<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/codeofconduct.htm \| title = Code of Conduct in Patent Matters \| publisher = Ecma International}}</ref> participating and approving member organisations of ECMA are required to make available their patent rights on a ] (RAND) basis.
Line 112:		Line 112:
	] of the ] has stated that "Microsoft offers a gratis patent license for OOXML on terms which do not allow free implementations".<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html \| title = We Can Put an End to Word Attachments\|author=Richard Stallman \| date = 2009-05-17 \| accessdate = 2009-10-12}}</ref>		] of the ] has stated that "Microsoft offers a gratis patent license for OOXML on terms which do not allow free implementations".<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html \| title = We Can Put an End to Word Attachments\|author=Richard Stallman \| date = 2009-05-17 \| accessdate = 2009-10-12}}</ref>

	== Versions ==		==Versions==

	The Office Open XML specification exists in a number of versions.		The Office Open XML specification exists in a number of versions.
Line 174:		Line 174:
	The standard specifies two levels of document and application conformance, '''strict''' and '''transitional''' for each of WordprocessingML, PresentationML and SpreadsheetML. The standard also specifies applications descriptions of '''base''' and '''full'''.		The standard specifies two levels of document and application conformance, '''strict''' and '''transitional''' for each of WordprocessingML, PresentationML and SpreadsheetML. The standard also specifies applications descriptions of '''base''' and '''full'''.

	=== Compatibility between versions ===		===Compatibility between versions===

	The intent of the changes from ECMA-376 1st edition to ISO/IEC 29500:2008 was that a valid ECMA-376 document would be a valid ISO 29500 "transitional" document<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://idippedut.dk/post/2009/06/23/Re-introducing-onoff-values-to-ST-OnOff-in-OOXML-Part-4.aspx \| title = Re-introducing on/off-values to ST-OnOff in OOXML Part 4 \| accessdate = 2009-09-29}}</ref>, but one change introduced at the BRM (refusing to allow further values for xsd:boolean) had the effect of breaking backwards compatibility for most documents.<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://www.griffinbrown.co.uk/blog/2008/04/17/OOXMLAndOffice2007ConformanceASmokeTest.aspx \| title = OOXML and Office 2007 Conformance: a Smoke Test \| accessdate = 2009-09-29}}</ref> A fix for this has been suggested to ]/SC34/WG4, and was approved in June 2009 to go forward as a recommendation for the first amendment to Office Open XML.<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc34/open/1239.pdf \| title = Minutes of the Copenhagen Meeting of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG4 \| date = 2009-06-22 \| accessdate = 2009-09-29}} page 15</ref>		The intent of the changes from ECMA-376 1st edition to ISO/IEC 29500:2008 was that a valid ECMA-376 document would be a valid ISO 29500 "transitional" document<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://idippedut.dk/post/2009/06/23/Re-introducing-onoff-values-to-ST-OnOff-in-OOXML-Part-4.aspx \| title = Re-introducing on/off-values to ST-OnOff in OOXML Part 4 \| accessdate = 2009-09-29}}</ref>, but one change introduced at the BRM (refusing to allow further values for xsd:boolean) had the effect of breaking backwards compatibility for most documents.<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://www.griffinbrown.co.uk/blog/2008/04/17/OOXMLAndOffice2007ConformanceASmokeTest.aspx \| title = OOXML and Office 2007 Conformance: a Smoke Test \| accessdate = 2009-09-29}}</ref> A fix for this has been suggested to ]/SC34/WG4, and was approved in June 2009 to go forward as a recommendation for the first amendment to Office Open XML.<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc34/open/1239.pdf \| title = Minutes of the Copenhagen Meeting of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG4 \| date = 2009-06-22 \| accessdate = 2009-09-29}} page 15</ref>

	== File formats ==		==File formats==

	{{~~main~~\|Office Open XML file formats}}		{{Main\|Office Open XML file formats}}
	The Office Open XML file formats are a set of ]s that can be used to represent electronic ] documents. The format defines a set of XML markup vocabularies for ] documents, ] and ] as well as specific XML markup vocabularies for material such as mathematical formulae, graphics, bibliographies etc. The stated goal of the Office Open XML standard is to be capable of faithfully representing the pre-existing corpus of word-processing documents, spreadsheets and presentations that had been produced by the Microsoft Office applications and to facilitate extensibility and interoperability by enabling implementations by multiple vendors and on multiple platforms.		The Office Open XML file formats are a set of ]s that can be used to represent electronic ] documents. The format defines a set of XML markup vocabularies for ] documents, ] and ] as well as specific XML markup vocabularies for material such as mathematical formulae, graphics, bibliographies etc. The stated goal of the Office Open XML standard is to be capable of faithfully representing the pre-existing corpus of word-processing documents, spreadsheets and presentations that had been produced by the Microsoft Office applications and to facilitate extensibility and interoperability by enabling implementations by multiple vendors and on multiple platforms.

	An Office Open XML file is a ]-compatible ] package containing ] documents and other resources.		An Office Open XML file is a ]-compatible ] package containing ] documents and other resources.

	== Adoption ==		==Adoption==

	Several countries have formally announced either adoption, or the evaluation of adoption of Office Open XML. What this means varies from case to case; in some cases, it means that the Office Open XML standard has a national standard identifier; in some cases, it means that the Office Open XML standard is permitted to be used where national regulation says that non-proprietary formats must be used, and in still other cases, it means that some government body has actually decided that Office Open XML will be used in some specific context.		Several countries have formally announced either adoption, or the evaluation of adoption of Office Open XML. What this means varies from case to case; in some cases, it means that the Office Open XML standard has a national standard identifier; in some cases, it means that the Office Open XML standard is permitted to be used where national regulation says that non-proprietary formats must be used, and in still other cases, it means that some government body has actually decided that Office Open XML will be used in some specific context.
Line 213:		Line 213:
	:The ] of ] has been examining its options for implementing ]-based document processing. In early 2005, ], Secretary of Administration and Finance in Massachusetts, was the first ] official in the ] to publicly connect open formats to a public policy purpose: "It is an overriding imperative of the American ] system that we cannot have our public documents locked up in some kind of proprietary format, perhaps unreadable in the future, or subject to a proprietary system license that restricts access".<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://web.archive.org/web/20061013201242/http://www.mass.gov/eoaf/open_formats_comments.html \| title = Informal comments on Open Formats \| publisher = Web.archive.org \| date = \| accessdate = 2009-09-16}}</ref> Since 2007 Massachusetts has classified Office Open XML as "Open Format" and has its approved technical standards list — the Enterprise Technical Reference Model (ETRM) — to include Office Open XML. Massachusetts, under heavy pressure from some vendors, now formally endorses Office Open XML formats for its public records.<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://xml.coverpages.org/ni2007-07-03-a.html \| title = Cover Pages: Major Revision of Massachusetts Enterprise Technical Reference Model (ETRM) \| publisher = Xml.coverpages.org \| date = \| accessdate = 2009-05-19}}</ref>		:The ] of ] has been examining its options for implementing ]-based document processing. In early 2005, ], Secretary of Administration and Finance in Massachusetts, was the first ] official in the ] to publicly connect open formats to a public policy purpose: "It is an overriding imperative of the American ] system that we cannot have our public documents locked up in some kind of proprietary format, perhaps unreadable in the future, or subject to a proprietary system license that restricts access".<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://web.archive.org/web/20061013201242/http://www.mass.gov/eoaf/open_formats_comments.html \| title = Informal comments on Open Formats \| publisher = Web.archive.org \| date = \| accessdate = 2009-09-16}}</ref> Since 2007 Massachusetts has classified Office Open XML as "Open Format" and has its approved technical standards list — the Enterprise Technical Reference Model (ETRM) — to include Office Open XML. Massachusetts, under heavy pressure from some vendors, now formally endorses Office Open XML formats for its public records.<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://xml.coverpages.org/ni2007-07-03-a.html \| title = Cover Pages: Major Revision of Massachusetts Enterprise Technical Reference Model (ETRM) \| publisher = Xml.coverpages.org \| date = \| accessdate = 2009-05-19}}</ref>

	== Application support ==		==Application support==
	{{Main\|Office Open XML software}}		{{Main\|Office Open XML software}}

	Microsoft, despite having no products which are compatible with ISO/IEC 29500<ref name=ODFA_communityone>{{ cite web \| url = http://www.odfalliance.org/resources/IssueBriefImplementations.pdf \| title = OOXML Implementations: A Community of One \| publisher = ODF Alliance \| date = 2008-02-20 \| accessdate = 2009-05-19 }}</ref><ref name="SupportedFormats">{{ cite web \| url = http://www.microsoft.com/Presspass/press/2008/may08/05-21ExpandedFormatsPR.mspx \| title = Microsoft Expands List of Formats Supported in Microsoft Office \| publisher = Microsoft.com \| date = 2008-05-21 \| accessdate = 2009-05-19 }}</ref><ref name=cwO14>{{ cite web \| last = Lai \| first = Eric \| url = http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&taxonomyName=Protocols+and+Standards&articleId=9089258&taxonomyId = 141&pageNumber=1 \| title = FAQ: Office 14 and Microsoft's support for ODF \| publisher = Computerworld.com \| date = 2008-05-27 \| accessdate = 2009-05-19 }}</ref><ref name=notOOXML>{{ cite web \| author = Andy Updegrove \| url = http://consortiuminfo.org/standardsblog/article.php?story=20080521092930864 \| title = Microsoft Office 2007 to Support ODF — and not OOXML \| publisher = ConsortiumInfo.org \| accessdate = 2009-05-19 }}</ref>, has voiced commitment to using the ISO/IEC 29500 standard in their products.<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://www.microsoft.com/interop/letters/ChrisCapOpenLetter.mspx \| title = An Open Letter from Chris Capossela, Senior Vice President, Microsoft Office \| accessdate = 2008-05-26 \| quote = ... we are committed to supporting the Open XML specification that is approved by ISO/IEC in our products. ... We are committed to the healthy maintenance of the standard once ratification takes place so that it will continue to be useful and relevant to the rapidly growing number of implementers and users around the world.}}</ref>		Microsoft, despite having no products which are compatible with ISO/IEC 29500<ref name=ODFA_communityone>{{ cite web \| url = http://www.odfalliance.org/resources/IssueBriefImplementations.pdf \| title = OOXML Implementations: A Community of One \| publisher = ODF Alliance \| date = 2008-02-20 \| accessdate = 2009-05-19 }}</ref><ref name="SupportedFormats">{{ cite web \| url = http://www.microsoft.com/Presspass/press/2008/may08/05-21ExpandedFormatsPR.mspx \| title = Microsoft Expands List of Formats Supported in Microsoft Office \| publisher = Microsoft.com \| date = 2008-05-21 \| accessdate = 2009-05-19 }}</ref><ref name=cwO14>{{ cite web \| last = Lai \| first = Eric \| url = http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&taxonomyName=Protocols+and+Standards&articleId=9089258&taxonomyId = 141&pageNumber=1 \| title = FAQ: Office 14 and Microsoft's support for ODF \| publisher = Computerworld.com \| date = 2008-05-27 \| accessdate = 2009-05-19 }}</ref><ref name=notOOXML>{{ cite web \| author = Andy Updegrove \| url = http://consortiuminfo.org/standardsblog/article.php?story=20080521092930864 \| title = Microsoft Office 2007 to Support ODF — and not OOXML \| publisher = ConsortiumInfo.org \| accessdate = 2009-05-19 }}</ref>, has voiced commitment to using the ISO/IEC 29500 standard in their products.<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://www.microsoft.com/interop/letters/ChrisCapOpenLetter.mspx \| title = An Open Letter from Chris Capossela, Senior Vice President, Microsoft Office \| accessdate = 2008-05-26 \| quote = ... we are committed to supporting the Open XML specification that is approved by ISO/IEC in our products. ... We are committed to the healthy maintenance of the standard once ratification takes place so that it will continue to be useful and relevant to the rapidly growing number of implementers and users around the world.}}</ref>

	Starting with ], the Office Open XML file formats (ECMA-376) have become the default<ref~~>{{ cite web \| url~~ = ~~http://www.~~microsoft.com/Presspass/press/2008/may08/05-21ExpandedFormatsPR.mspx?rss_fdn=Press%20Releases \| title = Microsoft Expands List of Formats Supported in Microsoft Office \| publisher = Microsoft \| accessdate = 2008-05-21 }}</ref> file format of ].<ref~~>{{ cite web \| url~~ = ~~http://www.~~courierpress.com/news/2008/oct/24/microsofts-future-lies-somewhere-beyond-the/ \| title = Microsoft's future lies somewhere beyond the Vista by Evansville Courier & Press \| publisher = Courierpress.com \| accessdate = 2009-05-19 }}</ref><ref~~>{{ cite web \| url~~ = ~~http://~~knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1795 \| title = Rivals Set Their Sights on Microsoft Office: Can They Topple the Giant? - Knowledge@Wharton \| publisher = Knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu \| accessdate = 2009-05-19}}</ref> However, due to the changes introduced in a later version, Office 2007 is not entirely in compliance with ISO/IEC 29500:2008.<ref name=ODFA_communityone~~>{{ cite web \| url = http:~~/~~/www.odfalliance.org/resources/IssueBriefImplementations.pdf \| title = OOXML Implementations: A Community of One \| publisher = ODF Alliance \| date = 2008-02-20 \| accessdate = 2009-05-19 }}</ref~~><ref name="SupportedFormats"~~>{{ cite web \| url = http:~~//www.microsoft.com/Presspass/press/2008/may08/05-21ExpandedFormatsPR.mspx \| title = Microsoft Expands List of Formats Supported in Microsoft Office \| publisher = Microsoft.com \| date = 2008-05-21 \| accessdate = 2009-05-19 }}</ref><ref name=cwO14~~>{{ cite web \| last = Lai \| first = Eric \| url = http:~~//www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&taxonomyName=Protocols+and+Standards&articleId=9089258&taxonomyId = 141&pageNumber=1 \| title = FAQ: Office 14 and Microsoft's support for ODF \| publisher = Computerworld.com \| date = 2008-05-27 \| accessdate = 2009-05-19 }}</ref><ref name=notOOXML~~>{{ cite web \| author = Andy Updegrove \| url = http:~~//consortiuminfo.org/standardsblog/article.php?story=20080521092930864 \| title = Microsoft Office 2007 to Support ODF — and not OOXML \| publisher = ConsortiumInfo.org \| accessdate = 2009-05-19 }}</ref> Microsoft has stated that the planned ] will be the first version to implement the ISO/IEC 29500:2008 compliant version of Office Open XML.<ref name="SupportedFormats"~~>{{ cite web \| url = http:~~//www.microsoft.com/Presspass/press/2008/may08/05-21ExpandedFormatsPR.mspx \| title = Microsoft Expands List of Formats Supported in Microsoft Office \| publisher = Microsoft.com \| date = 2008-05-21 \| accessdate = 2009-05-19 }}</ref>		Starting with ], the Office Open XML file formats (ECMA-376) have become the default<ref name="microsoft.com"/> file format of ].<ref name="courierpress.com"/><ref name="knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu"/> However, due to the changes introduced in a later version, Office 2007 is not entirely in compliance with ISO/IEC 29500:2008.<ref name="ODFA_communityone"/><ref name="SupportedFormats"/><ref name="cwO14"/><ref name="notOOXML"/> Microsoft has stated that the planned ] will be the first version to implement the ISO/IEC 29500:2008 compliant version of Office Open XML.<ref name="SupportedFormats"/>

	The ] office suite has been able to import Office Open XML files (.docx, .xlsx, .pptx, etc.)" since version 3.0<ref>{{ cite web		The ] office suite has been able to import Office Open XML files (.docx, .xlsx, .pptx, etc.)" since version 3.0<ref>{{ cite web
Line 226:		Line 226:
	\| accessdate = 2009-10-24}}</ref>		\| accessdate = 2009-10-24}}</ref>

	Other mainstream Office products that have started to offer import support for the Office Open XML formats are ], ], Corel ] and ].		Other mainstream Office products that have started to offer import support for the Office Open XML formats are ]s, ], Corel ] and ].

	== See also ==		==See also==
	{{Commons category\|OOXML}}		{{Commons category\|OOXML}}

Line 235:		Line 235:
	* ]		* ]

	== References ==		==References==

	{{reflist\|colwidth=30em}}		{{reflist\|colwidth=30em}}

	== External links ==		==External links==
	*		*
	*		*
Line 257:		Line 257:
	{{Office document file formats}}		{{Office document file formats}}

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Office Open ~~XML~~}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Office Open Xml}}
	]		]
	]		]

Revision as of 14:56, 14 November 2009

Template:Distinguish2

Office Open XML
Office Open XML file formats Open Packaging Conventions Open Specification Promise Office Open XML software Comparison of Office Open XML software
v t e

Office Open XML Document

Filename extension	`.docx` or `.docm`
Internet media type	application/vnd. openxmlformats-officedocument. wordprocessingml. document
Developed by	Microsoft, Ecma, ISO/IEC
Type of format	Document file format
Extended from	XML, DOC, WordProcessingML
Standard	ECMA-376, ISO/IEC 29500
Website	ECMA-376, ISO/IEC 29500:2008

Office Open XML Presentation

Filename extension	`.pptx`
Internet media type	application/vnd. openxmlformats-officedocument. presentationml. presentation
Developed by	Microsoft, Ecma, ISO/IEC
Type of format	Presentation
Extended from	XML, PPT
Standard	ECMA-376, ISO/IEC 29500
Website	ECMA-376, ISO/IEC 29500:2008

Office Open XML Workbook

Filename extension	`.xlsx`
Internet media type	application/vnd. openxmlformats-officedocument. spreadsheetml. sheet
Developed by	Microsoft, Ecma, ISO/IEC
Type of format	Spreadsheet
Extended from	XML, XLS, SpreadsheetML
Standard	ECMA-376, ISO/IEC 29500
Website	ECMA-376, ISO/IEC 29500:2008

Office Open XML (also referred to as OOXML or Open XML) is a file format originally developed by Microsoft for representing spreadsheets, charts, presentations and word processing documents.

Starting with Microsoft Office 2007, the Office Open XML file formats (ECMA-376) have become the default file format of Microsoft Office..

Background

In 2000, Microsoft released an initial version of an XML-based format for Microsoft Excel, which was incorporated in Office XP. In 2002, a new file format for Microsoft Word followed. The Excel and Word formats – known as the Microsoft Office XML formats – were later incorporated into the 2003 release of Microsoft Office.

Microsoft announced in November 2005 that it would standardize the new version of their XML-based formats through Ecma International, as "Ecma Office Open XML".

Standardization process

Main article: Standardization of Office Open XML

Microsoft submitted initial material to Ecma International Technical Committee TC45, where it was standardized to become ECMA-376, approved in December 2006.

This standard was then fast-tracked in the Joint Technical Committee 1 of ISO and IEC.

After initially failing to pass, an amended version of the format received the necessary votes for approval as an ISO/IEC Standard as the result of a JTC 1 fast tracking standardization process that concluded in April 2008. The resulting four part International Standard (designated ISO/IEC 29500:2008) was published in November 2008 and can be downloaded from the ITTF. A technically equivalent set of texts is published by Ecma as ECMA-376 Office Open XML File Formats - 2nd edition (December 2008); they can be downloaded from their web site.

The ISO standardization of Office Open XML was controversial and embittered, with IBM threatening to leave standards bodies that it said allow dominant corporations like Microsoft to wield undue influence. Microsoft was accused of co-opting the standardization process by leaning on countries to ensure that it got enough votes at the ISO for Office Open XML to pass.

Licensing

Under the Ecma International code of conduct in patent matters, participating and approving member organisations of ECMA are required to make available their patent rights on a Reasonable and Non Discriminatory (RAND) basis.

Microsoft, the main contributor to the standard, provided a Covenant Not to Sue for its patent licensing. The covenant received a mixed reception, with some (like the Groklaw blog) criticising it and others (such as Lawrence Rosen, an attorney and lecturer at Stanford Law School) endorsing it.

Microsoft has added the format to their Open Specification Promise in which

"Microsoft irrevocably promises not to assert any Microsoft Necessary Claims against you for making, using, selling, offering for sale, importing or distributing any implementation to the extent it conforms to a Covered Specification "

This is limited to applications which do not deviate from the ISO/IEC 29500:2008 or Ecma-376 standard and to parties that do not "file, maintain or voluntarily participate in a patent infringement lawsuit against a Microsoft implementation of such Covered Specification". The Open Specification Promise was included in documents submitted to ISO/IEC in support of the ECMA-376 fast track submission. Ecma International asserted that, "The OSP enables both open source and commercial software to implement ".

Richard Stallman of the Free Software Foundation has stated that "Microsoft offers a gratis patent license for OOXML on terms which do not allow free implementations".

Versions

The Office Open XML specification exists in a number of versions.

ECMA-376 1st edition (2006)

The ECMA standard is structured in five parts to meet the needs of different audiences.

Part 1. Fundamentals: Vocabulary, notational conventions and abbreviations; Summary of primary and supporting markup languages; Conformance conditions and interoperability guidelines; Constraints within the Open Packaging Conventions that apply to each document type

Part 2. Open Packaging Conventions: Defines the Open Packaging Conventions (package model, physical package); Defines core properties, thumbnails and digital signatures; XML schemas for the OPC are declared as XML Schema Definitions (XSD) and (non-normatively) using RELAX NG (ISO/IEC 19757-2)

Part 3. Primer: Informative (non-normative) introduction to WordprocessingML, SpreadsheetML, PresentationML, DrawingML, VML and Shared MLs, providing context and illustrating elements through examples and diagrams; Describes the custom XML data storing facility within a package to support integration with business data

Part 4. Markup Language Reference: Contains the reference material for WordprocessingML, SpreadsheetML, PresentationML, DrawingML, Shared MLs and Custom XML Schema, defining every element and attribute including the element hierarchy (parent/child relationships); XML schemas for the markup languages are declared as XSD and (non-normatively) using RELAX NG; Defines the custom XML data storing facility

Part 5. Markup Compatibility and Extensibility: Describes extension facilities of OpenXML documents and specifies elements and attributes by which applications with different extensions can interoperate

ISO/IEC 29500:2008

The ISO/IEC standard is structured into four parts. Parts 1, 2 and 3 are independent standards; for example Part 2, specifying Open Packaging Conventions, is used by other files formats including XPS and Design Web Format. Part 4 is to be read as a modification to Part 1, on which it depends.

A technically equivalent set of texts is also published by Ecma as ECMA-376 2nd edition (2008).

Part 1 (Fundamentals and Markup Language Reference)

This part has 5560 pages. It contains:

Conformance definitions
Reference material for the XML document markup languages defined by the Standard
XML schemas for the document markup languages declared using XSD and (non-normatively) RELAX NG
Defines the foreign markup facilities

Part 2 (Open Packaging Conventions)

This part has 129 pages. It contains:

A description of the Open Packaging Conventions (package model, physical package)
Core properties, thumbnails and digital signatures
XML schemas for the OPC are declared using XSD and (non-normatively) RELAX NG)

Part 3 (Markup Compatibility and Extensibility)

This part has 40 pages. It contains:

A description of extensions: elements and attributes which define mechanisms allowing applications to specify alternative means of negotiating content
Extensibility rules are expressed using NVDL

Part 4 (Transitional Migration Features)

This part has 1464 pages. It contains:

Legacy material such as compatibility settings and the graphics markup language VML
A list of syntactic differences between this text and ECMA-376 1st edition

The standard specifies two levels of document and application conformance, strict and transitional for each of WordprocessingML, PresentationML and SpreadsheetML. The standard also specifies applications descriptions of base and full.

Compatibility between versions

The intent of the changes from ECMA-376 1st edition to ISO/IEC 29500:2008 was that a valid ECMA-376 document would be a valid ISO 29500 "transitional" document, but one change introduced at the BRM (refusing to allow further values for xsd:boolean) had the effect of breaking backwards compatibility for most documents. A fix for this has been suggested to ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG4, and was approved in June 2009 to go forward as a recommendation for the first amendment to Office Open XML.

File formats

Main article: Office Open XML file formats

The Office Open XML file formats are a set of file formats that can be used to represent electronic office documents. The format defines a set of XML markup vocabularies for word processing documents, spreadsheets and presentations as well as specific XML markup vocabularies for material such as mathematical formulae, graphics, bibliographies etc. The stated goal of the Office Open XML standard is to be capable of faithfully representing the pre-existing corpus of word-processing documents, spreadsheets and presentations that had been produced by the Microsoft Office applications and to facilitate extensibility and interoperability by enabling implementations by multiple vendors and on multiple platforms.

An Office Open XML file is a ZIP-compatible OPC package containing XML documents and other resources.

Adoption

Several countries have formally announced either adoption, or the evaluation of adoption of Office Open XML. What this means varies from case to case; in some cases, it means that the Office Open XML standard has a national standard identifier; in some cases, it means that the Office Open XML standard is permitted to be used where national regulation says that non-proprietary formats must be used, and in still other cases, it means that some government body has actually decided that Office Open XML will be used in some specific context.

Belgium: Belgium's Federal Public Service for Information and Communication Technology in 2006 was evaluating the adoption of the Office Open XML format. It already then confirmed that it would consider all ISO standards to be open standards, specifically mentioning Office Open XML as such a possible future ISO standard.

Denmark: In June 2007, the Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation recommended that beginning with January 1, 2008 public authorities must support at least one of the two word processing document formats Office Open XML and ODF in all new IT solutions, where appropriate.

Germany: In Germany the Office Open XML standard is currently under observation by the governmental office for standards in public IT ("Koordinierungs- und Beratungsstelle der Bundesregierung für Informationstechnik in der Bundesverwaltung" (KBSt). The latest release of "SAGA" (Standards and Architectures for E-Government-Applications) includes Office Open XML file formats. The standard may be used to exchange complex documents when further processing is required.

Japan: On June 29, 2007, the government of Japan published a new interoperability framework which gives preference to the procurement of products that follow open standards. On July 2 the government declared that they hold the view that formats like Office Open XML which organizations such as Ecma International and ISO had also approved was, according to them, an open standard . Also, they said that it was one of the preferences, whether the format is open, to choose which software the government shall deploy.

Lithuania: Lithuanian Standards Board has adopted the ISO/IEC 29500:2008 Office Open XML format standard as Lithuanian National standard. The decision was made by Technical Committee 4 Information Technology on March 5, 2009. The proposal to adopt the Office Open XML format standard was submitted by Lithuanian Archives Department under the Government of the Republic of Lithuania.

Norway: Norway's Ministry of Government Administration and Reform is evaluating the adoption of the Office Open XML format. The ministry put the document standard under observation in December 2007.

Sweden: The Kingdom of Sweden has adopted Office Open XML as a 4 part Swedish National Standard SS-ISO/IEC 29500:2009.

Switzerland: In July 2007, the Swiss Federal Council announced adherence SAGA.ch e-Government standards mandatory for its departments as well as for cantons, cities and municipalities. The latest version of SAGA.ch includes Office Open XML file formats.

United Kingdom: The UK has put out an action plan for use of open Standards which includes ISO/IEC 29500 as one of several open formats to be supported.

United States of America: On April 15, 2009, the ANSI-accredited INCITS organisation voted to adopt ISO/IEC 29500:2008 as an American National Standard.

The state of Massachusetts has been examining its options for implementing XML-based document processing. In early 2005, Eric Kriss, Secretary of Administration and Finance in Massachusetts, was the first government official in the United States to publicly connect open formats to a public policy purpose: "It is an overriding imperative of the American democratic system that we cannot have our public documents locked up in some kind of proprietary format, perhaps unreadable in the future, or subject to a proprietary system license that restricts access". Since 2007 Massachusetts has classified Office Open XML as "Open Format" and has amended its approved technical standards list — the Enterprise Technical Reference Model (ETRM) — to include Office Open XML. Massachusetts, under heavy pressure from some vendors, now formally endorses Office Open XML formats for its public records.

Application support

Main article: Office Open XML software

Microsoft, despite having no products which are compatible with ISO/IEC 29500, has voiced commitment to using the ISO/IEC 29500 standard in their products.

Starting with Microsoft Office 2007, the Office Open XML file formats (ECMA-376) have become the default file format of Microsoft Office. However, due to the changes introduced in a later version, Office 2007 is not entirely in compliance with ISO/IEC 29500:2008. Microsoft has stated that the planned Microsoft Office 2010 will be the first version to implement the ISO/IEC 29500:2008 compliant version of Office Open XML.

The OpenOffice.org office suite has been able to import Office Open XML files (.docx, .xlsx, .pptx, etc.)" since version 3.0

Other mainstream Office products that have started to offer import support for the Office Open XML formats are Apple iWorks, IBM Lotus Notes, Corel Wordperfect and Google apps.

References

^ Microsoft. "Register file extensions on third party servers". microsoft.com. Retrieved 2009-09-04.
"Q&A: Microsoft Co-Sponsors Submission of Office Open XML Document Formats to Ecma International for Standardization". Microsoft. 2005-11-21.
^ "Microsoft Expands List of Formats Supported in Microsoft Office". Microsoft. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
^ "Microsoft's future lies somewhere beyond the Vista by Evansville Courier & Press". Courierpress.com. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
^ "Rivals Set Their Sights on Microsoft Office: Can They Topple the Giant? - Knowledge@Wharton". Knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
Brian Jones (2007-01-25). "History of office XML formats (1998–2006)". MSDN blogs.
"Microsoft Co-Sponsors Submission of Office Open XML Document Formats to Ecma International for Standardization". Microsoft. 2005-11-21.
"Ecma International approves Office Open XML standard". Ecma International. 2006-12-07.
"ISO/IEC DIS 29500 receives necessary votes for approval as an International Standard". ISO. 2008-04-02.
ISO/IEC (2008-11-18). "Publication of ISO/IEC 29500:2008, Information technology — Office Open XML formats". ISO. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
"Freely Available Standards". ITTF (ISO/IEC). 2008-11-18.
^ "Standard ECMA-376". Ecma-international.org. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
"ISO publishes Office Open XML specification". InfoWorld. 19 November 2008.
"Code of Conduct in Patent Matters". Ecma International.
"Microsoft Covenant Regarding Office 2003 XML Reference Schemas". Microsoft. Retrieved 2006-07-11.
"2 Escape Hatches in MS's Covenant Not to Sue". Groklaw. Retrieved 2007-01-29.
Berlind, David (November 28, 2005). "Top open source lawyer blesses new terms on Microsoft's XML file format". ZDNet. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
"Microsoft Open Specification Promise". Microsoft. 2006-09-12. Retrieved 2007-04-22.
"http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/index.html". Ecma International. Ecma Standards and Technical Reports are made available to all interested persons or organizations, free of charge and licensing restrictions {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
"Microsoft Open Specification Promise". Microsoft.com.
"Licensing conditions that Microsoft offers for Office Open XML". Jtc1sc34.org. 2006-12-20. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
"Microsoft Word — Responses to Comments and Perceived Contradictions.doc" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-09-16.
Richard Stallman (2009-05-17). "We Can Put an End to Word Attachments". Retrieved 2009-10-12.
"ISO (You searched for "29500" in title and abstract". International Organization for Standardization. 2009-06-05.
"Re-introducing on/off-values to ST-OnOff in OOXML Part 4". Retrieved 2009-09-29.
"OOXML and Office 2007 Conformance: a Smoke Test". Retrieved 2009-09-29.
"Minutes of the Copenhagen Meeting of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG4" (PDF). 2009-06-22. Retrieved 2009-09-29. page 15
"FED13321-docsPeterStrickx.indd" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-09-16.
"Bilag 8 – Sammenligning af rapporten om "Estimering af omkostningerne ved indførelse af Office Open XML (OOXML) og Open Document Format (ODF) i centraladministrationen" i forhold til de spørgsmål, der skal belyses i de økonomiske konsekvensvurderinger, jf. rapporten om "Anvendelse af åbne standarder i det offentlige"". Vtu.dk. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
"SAGA 4.0" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-09-16.
Gardner, David (2007-07-10). "Office Software Formats Battle Moves To Asia". Information Week. Retrieved 2007-07-27.
"Interoperability framework for information systems (in Japanese)". Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan. 2007-06-29. Retrieved 2007-07-27.
"Latest News". Open XML Community. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
"Referansekatalog for IT-standarder i offentlig sektor". regjeringen.no. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
"SS-ISO/IEC 29500-1:2009". Sis.se. 2009-01-19. Retrieved 2009-09-16.
"SS-ISO/IEC 29500-2:2009". Sis.se. Retrieved 2009-09-16.
"SS-ISO/IEC 29500-3:2009". Sis.se. Retrieved 2009-09-16.
"SS-ISO/IEC 29500-4:2009". Sis.se. Retrieved 2009-09-16.
"eCH — Downloads | Standards/Normes | eCH-0014 d SAGA.ch". Ech.ch. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
"Open Source, Open Standards and Re–Use: Government Action Plan". UK Government Cabinet Office. 2009-02-24.
Rick Jelliffe (2009-02-26). "Open standards: the UK gets it, probably".
"INCITS Letter Ballot 3025". INCITS. 2009-04-15.
"Informal comments on Open Formats". Web.archive.org. Retrieved 2009-09-16.
"Cover Pages: Major Revision of Massachusetts Enterprise Technical Reference Model (ETRM)". Xml.coverpages.org. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
^ "OOXML Implementations: A Community of One" (PDF). ODF Alliance. 2008-02-20. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
^ "Microsoft Expands List of Formats Supported in Microsoft Office". Microsoft.com. 2008-05-21. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
^ Lai, Eric (2008-05-27). = 141&pageNumber=1 "FAQ: Office 14 and Microsoft's support for ODF". Computerworld.com. Retrieved 2009-05-19. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
^ Andy Updegrove. "Microsoft Office 2007 to Support ODF — and not OOXML". ConsortiumInfo.org. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
"An Open Letter from Chris Capossela, Senior Vice President, Microsoft Office". Retrieved 2008-05-26. ... we are committed to supporting the Open XML specification that is approved by ISO/IEC in our products. ... We are committed to the healthy maintenance of the standard once ratification takes place so that it will continue to be useful and relevant to the rapidly growing number of implementers and users around the world.
"OpenOffice.org 3.0 New Features". 2008-10-13. Retrieved 2009-10-24.

External links

ECMA-376 site
ISO/IEC 29500:2008
OpenXMLDeveloper.org, Microsoft's site for developers
Open XML Community site Microsoft's site for customers and partners
Template:PDFlink
OpenOffice.org, How do I open Microsoft Office 2007 files? Article by OpenOffice.org
Information technology -- Office Open XML file formats, ISO Standards, JTC 1 Information technology, SC 34
FAQs on ISO/IEC 29500, ISO's FAQ site on ISO/IEC 29500
DOCX reference document, contains a file with fairly complex formatting and can be used to quickly check compatibility of an implementation
OpenXML site, contains resources, articles and tools for Office Open XML
Interoperability study showing an indication of the percentage of support for Office Open XML by several different office suite implementations in aug-2008

v t e ISO standards by standard number
List of ISO standards – ISO romanizations – IEC standards
1–9999	1 2 3 4 6 7 9 16 17 31 -0 -1 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 68-1 128 216 217 226 228 233 259 261 262 302 306 361 500 518 519 639 -1 -2 -3 -5 -6 646 657 668 690 704 732 764 838 843 860 898 965 999 1000 1004 1007 1073-1 1073-2 1155 1413 1538 1629 1745 1989 2014 2015 2022 2033 2047 2108 2145 2146 2240 2281 2533 2709 2711 2720 2788 2848 2852 2921 3029 3103 3166 -1 -2 -3 3297 3307 3601 3602 3864 3901 3950 3977 4031 4157 4165 4217 4909 5218 5426 5427 5428 5725 5775 5776 5800 5807 5964 6166 6344 6346 6373 6385 6425 6429 6438 6523 6709 6943 7001 7002 7010 7027 7064 7098 7185 7200 7498 -1 7637 7736 7810 7811 7812 7813 7816 7942 8000 8093 8178 8217 8373 8501-1 8571 8583 8601 8613 8632 8651 8652 8691 8805/8806 8807 8820-5 8859 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -8-I -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 -16 8879 9000/9001 9036 9075 9126 9141 9227 9241 9293 9314 9362 9407 9496 9506 9529 9564 9592/9593 9594 9660 9797-1 9897 9899 9945 9984 9985 9995
10000–19999	10006 10007 10116 10118-3 10160 10161 10165 10179 10206 10218 10279 10303 -11 -21 -22 -28 -238 10383 10585 10589 10628 10646 10664 10746 10861 10957 10962 10967 11073 11170 11172 11179 11404 11544 11783 11784 11785 11801 11889 11898 11940 (-2) 11941 11941 (TR) 11992 12006 12052 12182 12207 12234-2 12620 13211 -1 -2 13216 13250 13399 13406-2 13450 13485 13490 13567 13568 13584 13616 13816 13818 14000 14031 14224 14289 14396 14443 14496 -2 -3 -6 -10 -11 -12 -14 -17 -20 14617 14644 14649 14651 14698 14764 14882 14971 15022 15189 15288 15291 15398 15408 15444 -3 -9 15445 15438 15504 15511 15686 15693 15706 -2 15707 15897 15919 15924 15926 15926 WIP 15930 15938 16023 16262 16355-1 16485 16612-2 16750 16949 (TS) 17024 17025 17100 17203 17369 17442 17506 17799 18004 18014 18181 18245 18629 18916 19005 19011 19092 -1 -2 19114 19115 19125 19136 19407 19439 19500 19501 19502 19503 19505 19506 19507 19508 19509 19510 19600 19752 19757 19770 19775-1 19794-5 19831
20000–29999	20000 20022 20121 20400 20802 20830 21000 21001 21047 21122 21500 21827 22000 22275 22300 22301 22395 22537 23000 23003 23008 23009 23090-3 23092 23094-1 23094-2 23270 23271 23360 23941 24517 24613 24617 24707 24728 25178 25964 26000 26262 26300 26324 27000 series 27000 27001 27002 27005 27006 27729 28000 29110 29148 29199-2 29500
30000+	30170 31000 32000 37001 38500 39075 40500 42010 45001 50001 55000 56000 80000
Category

v t e Standards of Ecma International
Application interfaces	ANSI escape code APIW Common Language Infrastructure Office Open XML OpenXPS
File systems (tape)	Advanced Intelligent Tape DDS DLT Super DLT Linear Tape-Open (Ultrium-1) VXA
File systems (disk)	CD-ROM CD File System (CDFS) FAT FAT12 FAT16 FAT16B FD UDF Ultra Density Optical Universal Media Disc Holographic Versatile Disc
Graphics	Universal 3D
Programming languages	C++/CLI C# Eiffel JavaScript (E4X, ECMAScript) Dart Minimal BASIC Full BASIC
Radio link interfaces	NFC UWB
Other	ECMA-35 JSON
List of Ecma standards (1961 – present)

Microsoft 365

History
A product of Microsoft

Microsoft Office

Windows	1.x 3.0 4.x 95 97 2000 XP 2003 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019 2021 2024
Mac	3.0 4.2 98 2001 X 2004 2008 2011 2016 2019 2021 2024

Applications
(list)

Desktop	Access Excel OneNote Outlook PowerPoint Project Publisher Teams Visio Word
Server	SharePoint Excel Services Project Server Search Server Skype for Business Server
Mobile	Excel Lens OneDrive OneNote Outlook PowerPoint Remote Sway Teams Word
Web	Bookings Delve Excel Forms Loop OneDrive OneNote Outlook on the web Outlook.com Planner PowerPoint Project SharePoint Stream Sway Teams To Do Video Viva Engage Word
Discontinued	Discontinued shared tools Accounting Classroom Docs.com Entourage FrontPage InfoPath InterConnect Kaizala Liquid Motion Live Meeting Lync Mail Office Assistant Office Live OneDrive Groups PerformancePoint Server Photo Editor PhotoDraw Picture Manager Project Portfolio Server Ribbon Hero Schedule+ SharePoint Designer SharePoint Workspace Skype for Business Snapshot Viewer for Access Vizact Word Viewer

Technologies

Category

v t e Multi-purpose office document file formats
Editable document formats	Compound Document Format Microsoft Office XML formats MO:DCA Office Open XML Open Document Architecture OpenDoc OpenDocument OpenOffice.org XML Revisable-Form Text Rich Text Format Uniform Office Format Word document
Fixed document formats	DjVu Envoy Open XML Paper Specification Portable Document Format
Related topics	Character encoding ASCII Unicode TeX

Categories: