| Revision as of 16:25, 20 April 2004 editJao (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users10,860 edits + Italy← Previous edit | Revision as of 16:38, 20 April 2004 edit undoJao (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users10,860 edits added commonwealth realm nationsNext edit → | ||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
| == ] == | == ] == | ||
| * ''Partial'' personal union with ] since ] (the French president is one of the Heads of State in Andorra) | * ''Partial'' personal union with ] since ] (the French president is one of the Heads of State in Andorra) | ||
| == ] == | |||
| * The ]s, officially a personal union since ], presently with ], the ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], the ], ] and the ] | |||
| == ] == | |||
| * The ]s, officially a personal union since ], presently with ], the ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], the ], ] and the ] | |||
| == ] == | == ] == | ||
| * Personal union with ] from ] to ] (the ''dual monarchy'' of ]) | * Personal union with ] from ] to ] (the ''dual monarchy'' of ]) | ||
| == The ] == | |||
| * The ]s, officially a personal union since ], presently with ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], the ], ] and the ] | |||
| == ] == | |||
| * The ]s, officially a personal union since ], presently with ], ], the ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], the ], ] and the ] | |||
| == ] == | |||
| * The ]s, officially a personal union since ], presently with ], ], the ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], the ], ] and the ] | |||
| == ] == | |||
| * The ]s, officially a personal union since ], presently with ], ], the ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], the ], ] and the ] | |||
| == ] == | == ] == | ||
| Line 24: | Line 42: | ||
| == ] == | == ] == | ||
| * Personal union with ] from ] (when Ireland was raised to the level of a kingdom) to ] | * Personal union with ] from ] (when Ireland was raised to the level of a kingdom) to ] | ||
| * Personal union with ] from ] to ] (when they were joined together in ]) | * Personal union with ] from ] to ] (when they were joined together in the ]) | ||
| == ] == | == ] == | ||
| Line 35: | Line 53: | ||
| * ''Partial'' personal union with ] since ] (the French president is one of the Heads of State in Andorra) | * ''Partial'' personal union with ] since ] (the French president is one of the Heads of State in Andorra) | ||
| == ] == | == ] == | ||
| * Personal union with ] from ] to ] (when they were joined together in the ]) | * Personal union with ] from ] to ] (when they were joined together in the ]) | ||
| * Personal union with ] from ] to ] | * Personal union with ] from ] to ] | ||
| == ] == | |||
| * The ]s, officially a personal union since ], presently with ], ], the ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], the ], ] and the ] | |||
| == ] == | == ] == | ||
| * Personal union with ] and ] from ] to ] | * Personal union with ] and ] from ] to ] | ||
| * Personal union with the ] from ] to ] | * Personal union with the ] from ] to ] | ||
| Line 55: | Line 76: | ||
| * Personal union with ] from ] (raised to the level of a kingdom) to ] | * Personal union with ] from ] (raised to the level of a kingdom) to ] | ||
| * Personal union with ] from ] to ] | * Personal union with ] from ] to ] | ||
| * Personal union with ] from ] to ] (when they were joined together in the ]) | * Personal union with ] from ] to ] (when they were joined together in the ]) | ||
| * Personal union with ] from ] to ] | * Personal union with ] from ] to ] | ||
| * Personal union with the ] from ] (broken out) to ] | * Personal union with the ] from ] (broken out) to ] | ||
| Line 62: | Line 83: | ||
| * Personal union (disputed) with ] from ] to ] | * Personal union (disputed) with ] from ] to ] | ||
| * Personal union (disputed) with ] from ] to ] | * Personal union (disputed) with ] from ] to ] | ||
| == ] == | |||
| * The ]s, officially a personal union since ], presently with ], ], the ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], the ], ] and the ] | |||
| == ] == | == ] == | ||
| Line 68: | Line 92: | ||
| == ] == | == ] == | ||
| * Personal union with the ] from ] to ] | * Personal union with the ] from ] to ] | ||
| == ] == | |||
| * The ]s, officially a personal union since ], presently with ], ], the ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], the ], ] and the ] | |||
| == ] == | == ] == | ||
| Line 77: | Line 104: | ||
| == ] == | == ] == | ||
| * Personal union with ] from ] to ] | * Personal union with ] from ] to ] | ||
| == ] == | |||
| * The ]s, officially a personal union since ], presently with ], ], the ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], the ], ] and the ] | |||
| == ] == | == ] == | ||
| Line 89: | Line 119: | ||
| == ] == | == ] == | ||
| * Personal union with ] from ] to ] | * Personal union with ] from ] to ] | ||
| == ] == | |||
| * The ]s, officially a personal union since ], presently with ], ], the ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], the ], ] and the ] | |||
| == ] == | |||
| * The ]s, officially a personal union since ], presently with ], ], the ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], the ], ] and the ] | |||
| == ] == | |||
| * The ]s, officially a personal union since ], presently with ], ], the ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], the ], ] and the ] | |||
| == ] == | == ] == | ||
| * Personal union with ] and ] from ] to ] (when England and Scotland were joined together in ]) | * Personal union with ] and ] from ] to ] (when England and Scotland were joined together in the ]) | ||
| == ] == | == ] == | ||
| Line 101: | Line 140: | ||
| * ] to ] were parts or all of the duchies in personal union with ]. | * ] to ] were parts or all of the duchies in personal union with ]. | ||
| == The ] == | |||
| * The ]s, officially a personal union since ], presently with ], ], the ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and the ] | |||
| == ] == | == ] == | ||
Revision as of 16:38, 20 April 2004
A personal union consists of two or more entities that are internationally considered separate states, only sharing the same Head of State (and thence also sharing whatever political actions are vested in the Head of State, but no, or at least extremely few, others). It is not to be confused with a federation (like the USA), which is internationally considered a single state.
Personal unions can arise for very different reasons, ranging from near coincedence (a princess who is already married to a king becomes a queen regnant, and their child inherits both countries) to virtual annexation (where a personal union sometimes was seen as a means of preventing uprisals). They can also be codified (the constitutions of the states clearly express that they shall be joined together) or non-codified (in which case they can easily be broken by e.g. different succession rules).
There is a somewhat grey area between personal unions and federations, and the one has regularly grown into the other. This article is an attempt at listing some historical and contemporary personal unions.
Albania
Andorra
- Partial personal union with France since 1607 (the French president is one of the Heads of State in Andorra)
Antigua and Barbuda
- The Commonwealth Realms, officially a personal union since 1927, presently with Australia, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and the United Kingdom
Australia
- The Commonwealth Realms, officially a personal union since 1927, presently with Australia, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and the United Kingdom
Austria
- Personal union with Hungary from 1867 to 1918 (the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary)
The Bahamas
- The Commonwealth Realms, officially a personal union since 1927, presently with Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and the United Kingdom
Barbados
- The Commonwealth Realms, officially a personal union since 1927, presently with Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and the United Kingdom
Belize
- The Commonwealth Realms, officially a personal union since 1927, presently with Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Barbados, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and the United Kingdom
Canada
- The Commonwealth Realms, officially a personal union since 1927, presently with Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and the United Kingdom
Denmark
- Personal union with Norway from 1380 to 1536 (when Norway was officially incorporated into the Danish kingdom, often called Denmark-Norway)
- The Kalmar Union with Norway and Sweden from 1389 to 1521 (sometimes defunct)
- The kings of Denmark at the same time being dukes of Schleswig and Holstein 1460-1864. (Holstein being part of the Holy Roman Empire)
- Personal union with Iceland from 1918 (broken out of Denmark) to 1944
England
- Personal union with Ireland from 1541 (when Ireland was raised to the level of a kingdom) to 1707
- Personal union with Scotland from 1603 to 1707 (when they were joined together in the Kingdom of Great Britain)
Ethiopia
Finland
France
- Partial personal union with Andorra since 1607 (the French president is one of the Heads of State in Andorra)
Great Britain
- Personal union with Ireland from 1707 to 1801 (when they were joined together in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)
- Personal union with Hanover from 1714 to 1801
Grenada
- The Commonwealth Realms, officially a personal union since 1927, presently with Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and the United Kingdom
Hanover
- Personal union with Great Britain and Ireland from 1714 to 1801
- Personal union with the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1837
Holy Roman Empire
Hungary
- Personal union with Austria from 1867 to 1918 (the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary)
Iceland
Ireland
- Personal union with England from 1541 (raised to the level of a kingdom) to 1707
- Personal union with Scotland from 1603 to 1707
- Personal union with Great Britain from 1707 to 1801 (when they were joined together in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)
- Personal union with Hanover from 1714 to 1801
- Personal union with the United Kingdom from 1922 (broken out) to 1949
Italy
- Personal union (disputed) with Ethiopia from 1936 to 1941
- Personal union (disputed) with Albania from 1939 to 1946
Jamaica
- The Commonwealth Realms, officially a personal union since 1927, presently with Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Grenada, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and the United Kingdom
Lithuania
- Personal union with Poland from 1386 to 1569 (when they were joined together in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth)
Luxembourg
- Personal union with the Netherlands from 1815 to 1890
New Zealand
- The Commonwealth Realms, officially a personal union since 1927, presently with Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and the United Kingdom
Norway
- Personal union with Sweden from 1319 to 1343
- Personal union with Denmark from 1380 to 1536 (when Norway was officially incorporated into the Danish kingdom, often called Denmark-Norway)
- The Kalmar Union with Denmark and Sweden from 1389 to 1521 (sometimes defunct)
- Personal union with Sweden from 1814 to 1905 (when Norway was ceded from Denmark and entered into a union with Sweden, sometimes called Sweden-Norway)
Netherlands
- Personal union with Luxembourg from 1815 to 1890
Papua New Guinea
- The Commonwealth Realms, officially a personal union since 1927, presently with Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and the United Kingdom
Poland
- Personal union with Lithuania from 1386 to 1569 (when they were joined together in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth)
Poland-Lithuania
Portugal
- Personal union with Spain from 1580 to 1640 (under Philip II of Spain, his son and grandson)
Russia
Saint Kitts and Nevis
- The Commonwealth Realms, officially a personal union since 1927, presently with Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and the United Kingdom
Saint Lucia
- The Commonwealth Realms, officially a personal union since 1927, presently with Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and the United Kingdom
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- The Commonwealth Realms, officially a personal union since 1927, presently with Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and the United Kingdom
Scotland
- Personal union with England and Ireland from 1603 to 1707 (when England and Scotland were joined together in the Kingdom of Great Britain)
Spain
- Personal union with the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 to 1556
- Personal union with Portugal from 1580 to 1640 (under Philip II of Spain, his son and grandson)
Schleswig and Holstein
Duchies with peculiar rules for succession.
The Solomon Islands
- The Commonwealth Realms, officially a personal union since 1927, presently with Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Tuvalu and the United Kingdom
Sweden
Main article: Unions of Sweden
- Personal union with Norway from 1319 to 1343
- The Kalmar Union with Denmark and Norway from 1389 to 1521 (sometimes defunct)
- Personal union with Poland-Lithuania from 1592 to 1599
- Personal union with Norway from 1814 to 1905 (sometimes called Sweden-Norway)
United Kingdom
- Personal union with Hanover from 1801 to 1837
- Personal union with Ireland from 1922 (broken out) to 1949
- The Commonwealth Realms, officially a personal union since 1927, presently with Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Solomon Islands and Tuvalu
This article is a stub. You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it. |