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| name=Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg | name=Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg
| image = Polissena Cristina d'Assia with her children Victor Amadeus III and Eleonora of Savoy, Martin van Meytens.jpg | image = Polissena Cristina d'Assia with her children Victor Amadeus III and Eleonora of Savoy, Martin van Meytens.jpg
| succession =] | succession =]
| caption=''Polyxena with her two eldest children by a member of the Piedmontese School'' | caption=''Polyxena with her two eldest children by a member of the Piedmontese School''
| reign = 3 September 1730 – 13 January 1735 | reign = 3 September 1730 – 13 January 1735
| reign-type= Consort
| issue = ]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>] | issue = ]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>]
| spouse = ] | spouse = ]
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{{Landgravines of Hesse-Rotenburg}} {{Landgravines of Hesse-Rotenburg}}
{{Princesses of Savoy by marriage}} {{Princesses of Savoy by marriage}}

Revision as of 05:58, 31 October 2010

Queen consort of Sardinia
Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg
Polyxena with her two eldest children by a member of the Piedmontese School
Queen consort of Sardinia
Tenure3 September 1730 – 13 January 1735
Burial1786
Royal Basilica of Superga, Turin
SpouseCharles Emmanuel III of Sardinia
IssueVictor Amadeus III, King of Sardinia
Princess Eleonora
Princess Maria Luisa
Princess Maria Felicita
Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta
Carlo, Duke of Aosta
HouseHouse of Savoy
House of Hesse-Kassel
FatherErnest Leopold, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg
MotherEleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim

Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg (Polyxena Christina Johanna; 21 September 1706 – 13 January 1735) sometimes Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg was the second wife of Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Piedmont, future Charles Emmanuel III, whom she married in 1724. The mother of the future Victor Amadeus III, she was Queen of Sardinia from 1730 until her death in 1735.

Biography

Polyxena was born at Langenschwalbach in Hesse and was a Landgravine of Hesse-Rotenburg by birth – this entitled her to the style of Her Serene Highness. The child was baptised with the name Polyxena in honour of her maternal grandmother Maria Polyxena of Lichtenberg und Belasi.

King Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia approached her family and proposed a union between Polyxena and Victor Amadeus II's son and heir Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Piedmont. A previous match orchestrated by Agostino Steffani with a daughter of Rinaldo d'Este, Duke of Modena had come to nothing. His first wife, Anne Christine of Sulzbach died March 1723, less than a year after her marriage and barely a week after childbirth, leaving a son, Victor Amadeus.

Although only two years younger, Polyxena had been a niece of Charles Emanuel's first wife, and belonged to the only Roman Catholic branch (since 1652) of the reigning House of Hesse. In fact, she had been nominally a canoness of Thorn since 1620.

The engagement was announced on 2 July 1724, and she wed Charles Emmanuel by proxy on 23 July in Rotenburg. The marriage was celebrated in person at Thonon in Chablais on 20 August 1724. From then on, she took on the style of Her Royal Highess the Princess of Piedmont. The happy union between Charles Emmanuel and his wife produced six children, four of which would survive infancy.

Her stepson Victor Amadeus, heir after his father and grandfather to the Sardinian crown, died at the age of two, a year after Polyxena's marriage and before she had a child of her own. Nonetheless, she is said to have had a close relationship with her mother-in-law Anne Marie d'Orléans and the two frequented the Villa della Regina outside the capital, where the latter died in 1728.

When King Victor Amadeus announced his decision to return to the throne after having abdicated in 1730, Polyxena used her influence over her husband to imprison his father at the Castle of Moncalieri, where he was joined for a while by his morganatic spouse Anna Canalis di Cumiana, Polyxena's former lady of the bedchamber.

Praised as an attractive, cultured and virtuous woman, Polyxena founded a home for penniless mothers in the city of Turin in 1732, redecorated the Villa della Regina, the hunting lodge of Stupingi, and the Church of Saint Giuseppe in Turin. She carried out various improvements with Filippo Juvarra and popularised chinoiserie. She was also a patron of Giovanni Battista Crosato, a baroque painter.

Having been ill since June 1734, she died at the Royal Palace of Turin. Originally buried at the Cathedral of Saint Giovanni Battista, she was moved to the Royal Basilica of Superga in 1786 by her son Victor Amadeus III. Two years after her death, her widower married Elisabeth Therese of Lorraine, sister of the future Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor.

Legacy

The senior branch of the House of Savoy ended with her grandson Charles Felix of Sardinia. The Villa Polissena in Rome is named in her honour.

Issue

Ancestry

Family of Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg
16. Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
8. Ernest, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg
17. Countess Juliana of Nassau-Dillenburg
4. William, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg
18. Philipp Reinhard I, Count of Solms-Hohensolms
9. Countess Marie Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms
19. Countess Elisabeth of Wied
2. Ernest Leopold of Hesse-Rotenburg, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg
20. Johann Dietrich, Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim
10. Ferdinand Karl, Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim
21. Josina de La Mark
5. Countess Maria Anna of Löwenstein-Wertheim
22. Egon, Count of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg
11. Countess Anna Maria of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg
23. Princess Anna Maria of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
1. Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg
24. Johann Dietrich, Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim (=20)
12. Ferdinand Karl, Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim (=10)
25. Josina de La Mark (=21)
6. Maximilian Karl, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim
26. Egon, Count of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg (=22)
13. Countess Anna Maria of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg (=11)
27. Princess Anna Maria of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (=23)
3. Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim
28. Jakob Khuen von Belasi, Count of Lichtenberg and Gandegg
14. Mathias Khuen von Belasi, Count of Lichtenberg and Gandegg
29. Siguna Margaretha von Annenberg
7. Countess Polyxena Khuen von Belasi
30. Ferdinand Balthasar, Count of Meggau
15. Countess Anna Susanna von Meggau zu Kreutzen
31. Countess Esther von Sulz

Titles and styles

  • 21 September 1706 – 23 July 1724 Her Serene Highness Landgravine Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg
  • 23 July 1724 – 3 September 1730 Her Royal Highness the Princess of Piedmont
  • 3 September 1730 – 13 January 1735 Her Majesty the Queen of Sardinia

Notes

  1. Huberty 1976, p. 129, 153-154 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHuberty1976 (help)
  2. ^ van de Pas, Leo. "Landgräfin Polixene von Hessen-Rheinfels-Rotenburg". Genealogics .org. Retrieved 2010-10-30.
  3. sometimes styled Princess
  4. "Savoia". Retrieved 2010-08-26.
  5. Timms. Colin: Polymath of the baroque: Agostino Steffani and his music, Oxford University Press US, 2003, p 117
  6. Marek 2008
  7. Huberty 1976, p. 75 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHuberty1976 (help)
  8. Huberty 1976, p. 130 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHuberty1976 (help)
  9. ^ Storia politica, civile, militare della dinastia di Savoia dalle prime origini a Vittorio Emanuele II, Paravia, 1869, p 266
  10. Vitelleschi. Marchese: The romance of Savoy, Victor Amadeus II. and his Stuart bride Volume II, Harvard College Library, New York, 1905, p 488
  11. Vitelleschi. Marchese: The romance of Savoy, Victor Amadeus II. and his Stuart bride Volume II, Harvard College Library, New York, 1905, p 494
  12. Vitelleschi. Marchese: The romance of Savoy, Victor Amadeus II and his Stuart bride. Volume II, Harvard College Library, New York, 1905, p 497
  13. Symcox. Geoffrey: Victor Amadeus II: absolutism in the Savoyard State, 1675-1730, University of California Press, 1983, p 229
  14. Two Allegorical Sculptures by Francesco Ladatte, Metropolitan Museum Journal, Vol. 41, (2006), p 121-131
  15. "Mafalda di Savoia". Santi, Beati e Testimoni. Retrieved 2010-08-26.
  16. Huberty 1976, p. 129 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHuberty1976 (help)

Bibliography

  • Cantogno. Domenico Carutti di: Storia del regno di Carlo Emanuele III Turin, 1859
  • Symcox. Geoffrey: Victor Amadeus II: absolutism in the Savoyard State, 1675-1730, University of California Press, 1983, ISBN 9780520049741
  • Huberty, Michel; Giraud, F. Alain; Magdelaine, F. & B. L'Allemagne Dynastique (Tome I Hesse-Reuss-Saxe). Le Perreux: A. Giraud, 1976. ISBN 2901138012
  • Marek, Miroslav (2008), "Rulers of Savoy and Sicily", Genealogy.EU, retrieved 2010-08-29
  • Vitelleschi. Marchese: The romance of Savoy, Victor Amadeus II. and his Stuart bride Volume II, Harvard College Library, New York, 1905

External links

Media related to Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg at Wikimedia Commons

See also

Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg House of Habsburg-LorraineCadet branch of the House of LorraineBorn: 3 June 1822 Died: 20January 1855
Italian royalty
VacantTitle last held byAnne Marie d'Orléans Queen consort of Sardinia
3 September 1730 – 13 January 1735 		VacantTitle next held byÉlisabeth Thérèse de Lorraine
Landgravines of Hesse-Rotenburg
The generations start from the children of Herman IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg and his brother Ernest, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels
2nd generation
3rd generation
4th generation
Princesses of Savoy by marriage
2nd generation
3rd generation
4th generation
  • None
5th generation
7th generation
8th generation
9th generation
10th generation
11th generation
12th generation
13th generation
14th generation
15th generation
16th generation
17th generation
18th generation
19th generation
*also a princess of Savoy by birth **Princess of Savoy-Genoa ***Princess of Savoy-Aosta
Princesses of Piedmont
Queens of Sardinia
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