| Revision as of 07:57, 16 January 2013 editSyed Ahmed Ali Shah 1 (talk | contribs)6 edits I have inserted the compatibilities of Sindhi people that they can pronounce any word of any language.← Previous edit | Revision as of 15:15, 19 January 2013 edit undo71.61.176.214 (talk) →capabilities of Sindhi PeopleTag: section blankingNext edit → | ||
| Line 60: | Line 60: | ||
| Nearly 14 million Muslim refugees (]) escaped from communal riots in various parts of India and settled in Sindh after the creation of ], populating mostly urban centers of the province. They spoke ], ], ] as well as other languages that reflect their different regions of origin.<ref> {{WebCite|url=http://www.webcitation.org/5wUpD1Ybn|date =2011-02-14}}</ref> | Nearly 14 million Muslim refugees (]) escaped from communal riots in various parts of India and settled in Sindh after the creation of ], populating mostly urban centers of the province. They spoke ], ], ] as well as other languages that reflect their different regions of origin.<ref> {{WebCite|url=http://www.webcitation.org/5wUpD1Ybn|date =2011-02-14}}</ref> | ||
| ===capabilities of Sindhi People=== | |||
| A common Sindhi speaking person can pronounce any word of any language, but the one(who is not Sindhi) can not pronounce all Sindhi words properly. Even if he can pronounce all words of any language of the world but he can not pronounce all words of Sindhi language because Sindhi language has some words which can only be pronounced by Sindhi speaking person. That is the honor of Sindhi person. | |||
| (Edited by Syed Ahmed Shah) | |||
| === Islamic influence === | === Islamic influence === | ||
Revision as of 15:15, 19 January 2013
This article is about the socio-ethnic group of South Asia. For other uses, see Sindhi. Ethnic group  .jpg)   File:Pankaj Advani.jpg1st row: Karan Johar, L.K. Advani, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto 2nd row: Rajkumar Hirani, Benazir Bhutto, Pankaj Advani | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
 Pakistan | 23,410,910 (August 2011) |
 India | 2,810,000 (August 2001) |
 Hong Kong | 7,500 |
| Languages | |
| Sindhi | |
| Religion | |
•  Islam •  Hinduism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| • Balochi people • Kashmiri people | |
Template:Contains Sindhi text Sindhis (Template:Lang-sd) are a Sindhi-speaking ethnic group native to the Sindh province of Pakistan.
Some of the places in Sindh have been inhabited as early as the 3rd millennium BC. A large number of Indus valley sites have been found in Sindh. Sindh was ruled by local Hindu and Buddhist rulers until 712 CE, when it was invaded by the Arabs and incorporated into part of the Umayyad Caliphate.
Sindhi culture is highly influenced by Sufi doctrines and principles. Some of the popular cultural icons are Raja Dahir, Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai, Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, Jhulelal and Sachal Sarmast.
Following the partition of India in 1947, most Hindus, Sikhs and Jains migrated to India and other parts of the world, though as of 1998, Hindus still constituted about 6% of the total Sindhi population in Pakistan. Sindhis in different parts of the world formed their own social gatherings or sammelans and associations.
History
Prehistoric period
The original inhabitants of ancient Sindh were believed to be aboriginal tribes speaking languages of the Indus Valley civilization around 3000 BC.
The Indus Valley Civilization went into decline around the year 1700 BC for reasons that are not entirely known, though its downfall was probably precipitated by a massive earthquake that dried up the Ghaggar River. The Indo-Aryans are believed to have founded the Vedic civilization that existed between the Sarasvati River and Ganges river around 1500 BC. This civilization helped shape subsequent cultures in South Asia.
Historical period
Because of its location at the western edge of South Asia, Sindh was one of the earliest regions to be influenced by Islam after 632 AD - as the Qu'ran was not written until then. Prior to this period, it was heavily Hindu, and Buddhist. After 632 AD, It was part of the Islamic empires of the Abbasids and Umayyids. Sufi missionaries played a pivotal role in converting millions of native Sindhis to Islam. At the same time, Muslim technocrats, bureaucrats, soldiers, traders, scientists, architects, teachers, theologians and Sufis flocked from the rest of the Muslim world to the Islamic Sultanate in Sindh. Settled by Turks, Pashtuns, and Mughals. Habbari, Soomra, Samma, Arghun dynasties ruled Sindh. The Baloch tribes migrated and settled in Sindh. These Baloch assimilated with Sindhis and now they constitute a significant population of Sindh. Sindh continued to evolve as a frontier state; by the time of British colonial occupation it was ruled by Baloch kings.
Ethnicity
Main article: Demographics of Sindh
Sindh, as a western frontier of the South Asia, has always been exposed to the entry of migrants from Central Asia and the Middle East. The region received its name, Sindh, from the River Sindhu (Indus), and the people living in the region are referred to as Sindhi. The terms Hindi and Hindu are derived from word Sindh, as the ancient Persians pronunciate "s" as "h" (e.g. sarasvati as harasvati), the same way they called the people of this region as Hindhi people their language as Hindhi language and the region as Hindh, the name which is used for this region since ancient times and later for whole northern part of Indian sub-continent even today India is also known as Hindustan the name which has nothing to do with hinduism, but related more to a people and their language named after the main river flowing through this region sindhu (Indus).
As regards the composition of the non-ethnic Sindhi population, the two main groups that inhabited Sindh are related to, and common, one with the Punjab and another with Balochistan. The majority group is that of Rajputs and Jats who are the partial descendants of Sakas, Kushans and Huns. During Kalhora rule a number of Jat tribes such as the Sials, Joyas and Khawars came from the Punjab and settled in Sindh. They are called the Seraiki (i.e., people from the north), and speak Seraiki. This group overlaps and is sometimes considered transitional between the Punjabis and Sindhi people.
The two main Rajput tribes of Sindh are: the Samma, descendants of the Samma Dynasty who ruled Sindh during (1351 - 1521 A.D.). Among other Sindhi Rajputs are the Bhachos, Bhuttos, Bhattis, Mahendros, Buriros, Lakha, Sahetas, Lohanas, Mohano, Dahars, Indhar, Chachar, Dhareja, Rathores, Dakhan, Langah, etc. The Sindhi-Sipahi of Rajasthan and the Sandhai Muslims of Gujarat are communities of Sindhi Rajputs settled in India. Closely related to the Sindhi Rajputs are the Jats of Sindh, who are found mainly in the Indus delta region.
The other main group is that of Balochi tribes settled in various parts of Sindh mostly during the last five hundred years or so. Since they were martial people and ruled over Sindh for some time before the arrival of the British, they acquired vast lands in the province, with the result that a large number of present-day Sindhi landlords are of Baloch origin. According to the 1941 census, which was the last one held before independence, Balochis formed 60% of the total population of Sindh. Balochi tribes are spread over,Iranian Sistan Balochistan, Afghan Balochistan, Balochistan, Sindh and the south-western districts of the Punjab. This group is almost entirely Muslim.
A third sub-group of the Sindhi population comprises the descendants of Muslim conquerors, administrators and missionaries who were Arabs, Persians, Afghans and Turks (including the Mughals). They are a small minority settled in cities and towns and have largely blended with the other components of the population while maintaining something of a sub-culture; they are often referred to as Ashraf or the "noble". Of this third element, Muslim Arabs have possibly contributed the most to the development of the modern Sindhi language and literature and to the advancement of its intellectual and cultural activities.
| Part of a series on |
| Sindhis |
|---|
 |
| Identity |
| History |
|
DiasporaAsia
Europe North America Oceania |
| Culture |
| Regions |
 Sindh portal |
Another group of people who are largely overlooked in any discussions about groups and culture of Sindh are the Haris, whose name is derived from the term "Harijan." These people are generally believed to be the descendants of indigenous Dravidian populations that were enslaved by various invading people. Many are still living in abject poverty and under slave-like conditions in rural Sindh, because of the benign neglect and only nominal efforts by the government to improve the situation. The majority of Haris are nominally Muslims while practicing what is generally known as folk Hindu beliefs all over rural Pakistan like head tonsuring and sacred thread ceremonies. Many Haris have moved on as artisans and wage laborers.
Nearly 14 million Muslim refugees (Muhajirs) escaped from communal riots in various parts of India and settled in Sindh after the creation of Pakistan, populating mostly urban centers of the province. They spoke Urdu, Gujarati, Bengali as well as other languages that reflect their different regions of origin.
Islamic influence
With Sindh’s stable prosperity and its strategic geographical possession, it is not surprising that it was subject to successive conquests by foreign empires. In 712 A.D., Sindh was incorporated into the Caliphate, the Islamic Empire, and became the ‘Arabian gateway’ into India (later to become known as Bab-ul-Islam, the gate of Islam). After the conquest by the Arabs, the people of Sindh were influenced by Islam.
Sindhi culture also has certain Persian influences as Sindh was exposed to cultural, religious and linguistic influence from Islamic Persia. Most significantly, numerous Persian loanwords made their way into the Sindhi language along with the Nastaʿlīq script, in which modern Sindhi is written today.
Muslim Sindhis tend to follow the Sunni Hanafi fiqh with a substantial minority of Shia Ithna 'ashariyah. The Sufism has made a deep impact on Sindhi Muslims and Sufi shrines dot the landscape of Sindh.
Sindhi Hindus
Sindh is also home to Hindus.
Before 1947, however other than a few Gujarati speaking Parsees (Zorastrians) living in Karachi virtually all the inhabitants were Sindhis, whether Muslim or Hindu at the time of Pakistan's creation, 75% of the population were Muslims and almost all the remaining 25% were Hindus
Hindus in Sindh were concentrated in the cities before the partition of India in 1947. According to Ahmad Hassan Dani
Cities and towns of Sindh were dominated by the Hindus. In 1941, for example, Hindus were 64% of the total urban population,
Culture
Sindhi names
Main article: Sindhi namesMuslim Sindhis tend to have traditional Muslim first names, sometimes with localized variations. Most Sindhis have tribal and clan names as their surnames. Nearly forty percent of Sindhis have Baloch tribal names.
Hindu Sindhis tend to have surnames that end in '-ani' (a variant of 'anshi', derived from the Sanskrit word 'ansh', which means 'descended from'). The first part of a Sindhi Hindu surname is usually derived from the name of an ancestor. In northern Sindh, surnames ending in 'ja' (meaning 'of') are also common. A person's surname would consist of the name of his or her native village, followed by 'ja'.
-
Ajrak
-
Sindhi Chabba
-
Cheti Chand
-
Sindhi Mojari
Sufism
Slslay aaliya naqshband in Sindh was mainly due to Sultan Ul Oliya Khawaja Muhammad Zaman of Luari Sharif. He was the spiritual leader of makhdoom Abdul Rahim Grohri. Once Shah Abdul Latif Bhitaai even came to enter in to his school of thought but Sultan ul oliya did not allow him because music is not allowed in Naqshbandi silsila. Sindhi culture has been strongly influenced by Sufism. Jhulelal, the Sufi pioneer of Sindh, is revered by both Hindus and Muslims. A common greeting among Sindhis is "Jhulelal Bera-Hee-Paar".
Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai (1689–1752) was a Sufi scholar and saint, and is considered one of the greatest poets of the Sindhi language. Bhittai settled in the town of Bhit Shah in Matiari where his shrine is located. Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai's most famous written work is the Shah Jo Risalo, which is a masterpiece of Sindhi literature as well. The major themes of his poetry include Unity of God, love for Prophet, religious tolerance and humanistic values. Islamic philosopher Seyyed Hossein Nasr describes Bhittai's works as "direct emanations of Rūmī's spirituality in the Indian world."
Notable Sindhis
Main article: List of Sindhi peopleFamous Sindhis include Pir Hisamudin Rashidi, G. M. Syed, Shaikh Ayaz, Amar Jaleel, Sabeer Bhatia, Hassan Ali Effendi, Ghulam Ali Allana and Imdad Ali Imam Ali Kazi.
Astronauts
Politicians
Pakistan's political scene has been dominated by Sindhi politicians, including
- Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah
- Muhammad Ali Jinnah
- G. M. Syed
- Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
- Mumtaz Ali Bhutto
- Benazir Bhutto
- Asif Zardari
- Sir Shah Nawaz Bhutto
- Haider Bux Jatoi founder of 'Jeay Sindh' slogan
In India, notable Sindhi politicians include
- Lal Krishna Advani (former deputy prime minister of India)
- Acharya Kriplani (President of Indian National Congress during Independence of India)
- K.R. Malkani (former Governor Of Pudduchery)
- Jairamdas Daulatram (former Governor of Assam and Bihar)
- Ram Jethmalani (former law minister of India)
- N.R. Malkani (former member of Rajya Sabha and Winner of Padma Bhushan)
- Ishwardas Rohani (Speaker Of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly)
- Bhanu Kumar Shastri (former Member of Lok Sabha from Udaipur)
- Shrichand Kriplani (member of 14th Lok Sabha).
- Praveen C Kamlani(Member of Legislative Council ,Karnataka)
Historical Sindhi leaders include
Sindhi poets in India include Narain Shyam Nagwani, Golden Peacock and Jnanpeeth award winner.
Entertainment
Famous Hindu Sindhis in the Indian movie industry include:
- Aftab Shivdasani
- Karan Johar
- Ravi Baswani
- Govardhan Asrani
- Roma Asrani
- Jackky Bhagnani
- Tamannaah Bhatia,
- Vashu Bhagnani
- Tarun Mansukhani
- Ritesh Sidhwani
- Rajkumar Hirani
- Dalip Tahil
- Ramesh Taurani
- Nikhil Advani
- Sadhana Shivdasani
- Babita
- Karishma Kapoor (Half Sindhi)
- Kareena Kapoor (Half Sindhi)
- Amisha Patel (Half Sindhi)
- Sangeeta Bijlani
- Hiten Tejwani
- Leena Jumani
- Shilpa Saklani
- Rithvik Dhanjani
- Preeti Jhangiani
- Kitu Gidwani
- Hansika Motwani
- Ramesh Sippy
- G. P. Sippy
- Rohan Sippy
- Ramsay Brothers
- Govind Nihalani
- Anjana Sukhani
- Vishal Dadlani
- Ranveer Singh
- Mac Mohan
- Vinay Virmani
- Juhi Chawla
- Shiney Ahuja
- Sapna Bhavnani
Business
- Micky Jagtiani
- Rajan Raheja
- Hari Harilela
- Hinduja Group
- Sadruddin Hashwani
- Dhiraj Jaswani
- Arun Nathani
- Ritika Hiranandani
- Sunil Vaswani
- Rajan Vaswani
- Nicky Chainani
Media
See also
- Sindhudesh
- Sindhi literature
- Sindhi music
- Sindhi poetry
- Sindhi language media in Pakistan
- Sindhi diaspora
References
- Population Census Organization, Government of Pakistan - Population by Mother Tongue
- Ethnologue report for India Template:WebCite
- Rising India and indian communities in East Asia - By K. Kesavapany, A. Mani, Palanisamy Ramasamy, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
- "Religions".
- "Refugee Review Tribunal" (PDF). United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Retrieved 2007–08–01.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - The People and the land of Sindh Template:WebCite
- Historical perspective of Sindhis Template:WebCite
- The foreign policy of Pakistan: ethnic impacts on diplomacy, 1971-1994 By Mehtab Ali Shah Published in 1997 by I B Tauris and Co Ltd,London PAGE 46
- Proceedings of the First Congress of Pakistan History & Culture held at the University of Islamabad, April 1973 ,Volume 1 University of Islamabad Press, 1975
- About Jhule Lal Sai Template:WebCite
- Rūmī and the Sufi Tradition Template:WebCite
- Book review – DIL JE DAFTAR MAAN [Saroonyoon] « Indus Asia Online Journal (iaoj) Template:WebCite
- Moviebuzz (21 December 2009). "Happy B'day to the Queen of K'wood!". ****Sify. Retrieved 2011-04-19.
External links
- Sindhi Sangat: promoting & preserving the Sindhi heritage, culture and language.
- Sindhi Jagat: All India Sindhi Consolidating Centre.
- Sindhi Surnames Origin - Trace your roots
- www.thesindhi.com
 Province of Sindh topics | |
|---|---|
| History | |
| Government and politics | |
| Culture |
|
| Geography | |
| Education | |
| Sports | |
| Flora & fauna | |
| Sindhi media | |
| Sindhi websites | |
| Sindh tourism | |
| Sindhi nationalism | ||
|---|---|---|
| Active since 1972 | ||
| Historical States of Sindh |  | |
| Historic figures |
| |
| Modern figures | ||
| Culture | ||
| Poets | ||
| Contemporary controversies | ||
| Battles and conflicts | ||
| Political parties | ||
| Student organizations | ||
| Militant Organizations | ||
| Non profit organizations | ||