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Chorlton-cum-Hardy Chorlton
Chorlton Green
Population	13,512
OS grid reference	SJ815935
• London	180 miles
Metropolitan borough	Manchester
Metropolitan county	Greater Manchester
Region	North West
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	MANCHESTER
Postcode district	M21
Dialling code	0161
Police	Greater Manchester
Fire	Greater Manchester
Ambulance	North West
UK Parliament	Manchester Withington
List of places UK England Greater Manchester

Chorlton-cum-Hardy is a suburban area of the city of Manchester, England, known locally as Chorlton. It is situated about four miles southwest of Manchester city centre. Pronunciation varies: /ˈtʃɔːrltən/ CHORL-tən and /ˈtʃɒlən/ CHOL-ən are both common.

By the 9th century, there was an Anglo-Saxon settlement here. Later in the Middle Ages, improved drainage methods led to population growth. In the late Victorian and Edwardian periods, its perceived rural character made it popular among the middle class. The loss of its railway station, the conversion of larger houses into flats or bedsitters, and significant social housing development to the south of the area changed its character again in the 1970s.

Historically, Chorlton was a village on Lancashire's southern border with Cheshire, and a township within the ancient parish of Manchester. It was incorporated into the city of Manchester in 1904. Chorlton borders Stretford, Sale, Didsbury, Withington, Whalley Range, and Firswood. The River Mersey runs past Chorlton along its southern boundary. The area's eastern boundary has changed since the 19th century because of incorporation into the City of Manchester and division into wards.

History

Toponymy

Some writers have derived Chorlton from Old English Ceorlatun meaning "settlement of ceorls" and Hardy from Old English Ard-Ea, meaning "trees near the water". However according to E. Ekwall (1936) and A. D. Mills (1991) the more probable derivation is from 'Ceolfrith's tun'. (Several other places are named Chorlton with an undisputed derivation from Ceorlatun.) Ekwall says of Hardy: "Second element ĒG 'island'. The first is doubtful."

The combined name (cum is Latin 'with') was invented by Victorian property developers, who arrived in the wake of the coming of the railway in 1880, to distinguish this Chorlton from Chorlton-upon-Medlock. A village green and olde-worlde pub (the Horse and Jockey) were made out of existing buildings and garden so that the area had bucolic attractiveness, and stress was laid on distinguishing the area from the urban Chorlton-upon-Medlock. The form Chorlton with Hardy was used to some extent from the early 19th century onwards and in the early years of the 20th.

7th century to early Victorian period

Thomas L. Ellwood suggested 610 AD as the date of founding the settlement but John Lloyd in his 1972 history considered the period 610 to 900 AD more likely. The district was part of the kingdom of Northumbria from the 7th century but settlement in the Mersey valley may well have been later. The ancient forest of Arden grew on both sides of the River Mersey which had large variations in its water level and was liable to meander. The silt of the flood plain made good land for farming.

In medieval times the district formed part of the Manor of Withington an area stretching from Longford Park to Debdale Park, and south to the Mersey. Hough End (the southeastern fourth part which originally belonged to Chorlton) was removed from it in 1641. Hough End Hall replaced the old manor house of Withington; it is now a Grade II listed building. The early history of the area was linked to Stretford which had a river crossing, a market, and was on the main route to Manchester. The chapel of ease in Chorlton was linked to Stretford Parish Church, before it was linked to Didsbury. The estimated population in 1640 was 85; in 1714 it was 325. The 1801 census recorded 513 inhabitants, and the 1811 census 619: by 1851 it had increased to 761. The Tithe Commissioners' survey carried out in 1841 provides details of the size and tenure of every piece of land. The character of the district was agricultural and Chorlton benefited from the growth of Manchester by supplying its demand for food. According to John Lloyd apple orchards were productive here. Another significant employer was the clay-pit industry (Chorlton Water Park being a remnant of it), which also operated in the area known as 'The Isles', between Manchester Road and Cow Lane (now Hampton Road), and the Manley Park area. Turf-cutting was also significant in the Martledge, White Moss and Jackson's Moss areas (today's Wilbraham Road, Egerton Estate and Whalley Range. Martledge is described by John Lloyd as "the locality of the Barlow Moor Road - Manchester Road junction" or "from the railway to Longford Park and Wilbraham Road to West Point". In the 1870s the oldest known gravestone inscription in the churchyard of Manchester Cathedral was one commemorating William Taylor of Martledge (died 1632) and ten other Taylors who died between 1631 and 1709.

Later Victorian period

Until the last quarter of the 19th century the population of Chorlton had increased very little though the development of public transport through Stretford had some effect. The railway came first to Stretford, and the upmarket property development that followed came up Edge Lane, a permanently flood-free area. The abolition of Withington's manorial rights in the 1840s meant that local government began to be formalised. Chorlton became part of Chorlton Poor Law Union (named after Chorlton-on-Medlock), then Withington Urban District, and was incorporated into the City of Manchester, while Stretford voted for autonomy. The building of Wilbraham Road to connect Lord Egerton's holdings across the north of the Manor of Withington, from Fallowfield to Edge Lane in Chorlton in 1869 established the nucleus of a residential area at the Barlow Moor Road crossing. A railway line from Manchester Central through Chorlton was built by the Midland Railway, and Chorlton station opened on 1 January 1880. This led to considerable residential and commercial development with the establishment of a village centred on the Barlow Moor Road/Wilbraham Road crossroads, northeast of the original village with a centre at Chorlton Green and Beech Road. Two buildings of this period are the Lloyd's Hotel (no. 617 Wilbraham Road) and the Public Hall on two of the corners of Manchester Road and Wilbraham Road. The Public Hall was built as the Chorlton Conservative Club on land purchased from Lord Egerton and opened in 1892. It was extended in 1925 and was used for many social activities. Among these was amateur dramatics which were popular in Chorlton in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

There was significant immigration in this period from Ireland and other areas of the British Isles. The Irish came to domestic service and others came in pursuit of work in the expanding industries of Manchester, moving to improve their prospects. A significant number were employed in the area's small-scale horticulture and farming. In the 1880s a member of the Fenians, a precursor of the IRA, was arrested while working in 'The Isles' between Manchester Road and Longford Park. His weapon was not recovered from its hiding-place until the foundations were being dug for Oswald Road School. The Irish community remains and the growth of Roman Catholicism originated with them. By the first decade of the 20th century the church and convent school were established on High Lane and later came the adjoining Irish Association Social Club.

Because the county boundary was determined by the course of the Mersey, it traditionally did not exactly follow the river when it changed course: this happened occasionally in the period before improved flood control measures were introduced in the 1840s. Thus the Bridge Inn (commonly known as Jackson's Boat) was once in Chorlton. The myth attached to this is that it was incorporated into Lancashire to prevent illegal race-goers on Chorlton Ees escaping into Cheshire at the approach of the Lancashire Constabulary. The Manchester–Trafford boundary now follows the course of the river. The crossing here was originally by ferry boat fastened to a chain: in 1816 this was replaced by a wooden footbridge. By 1881 a steel bridge was built as the old bridge was damaged, it was washed away in October 1881.

20th century developments

Slater's Street Directory of Manchester of 1903 shows that old Chorlton had hardly changed for 25 years. Around Beech Road were three farms, two inns, the parish church and the church school. In Beech Road more shops were trading and a police station had been established and a recreation ground (now Beech Road Park) had been provided and at the eastern end Bowling Green Farm remained.

Further growth was aided by the arrival of Manchester Corporation's tramway before the First World War: a terminus was built on Barlow Moor Road a short distance south of the junction with High Lane. Chorltonville was developed as a garden suburb south of Chorlton Brook: the houses are mostly large and semi-detached and individual in design, standing on tree-lined roads. Alexandra Park Aerodrome (1917–1924), was Manchester's first major airfield located east of the Midland railway overbridge on Mauldeth Road West.

After the 1st World War came a period of residential development to the east of the new village either side of Wilbraham Road and a council housing estate at Merseybank. From the 1960s onwards a council estate at Nell Lane near Southern Cemetery; "Chorlton Precinct", a small shopping precinct with an office block, Graeme House (1969/70) (in 2009 rebranded as "The Square") at Wilbraham Road and patchy redevelopment in other areas were completed. There has been immigration particularly from the Indian subcontinent and from Poland. The Polish community arrived in the 1950s and 1960s, and is the origin of the existence of the 'Barbakan' delicatessen and bakery established in 1964.) Chorlton Green has been designated a conservation area by the city council since 1970 and a second area was designated at Chorltonville in 1991. Chorlton Park Apartments have been recognised for the quality of their design. Beech Road has become a cultural centre, with several shops, restaurants and café bars. In 2010 Manchester City Council's South Manchester Regeneration Team issued an action plan for improvements to the "Chorlton District Centre" for the period 2010 to 2020. It proposes investment in the district aimed at creating "a strong, vibrant and successful centre that supports the local community and has the ability to exploit the economic potential of Metrolink".

Transport

In the 19th century, public transport was limited to the railway through the southern suburbs of Manchester and to horse buses from Chorlton Green towards Manchester city centre. In the early 20th century the electric tramway reached Chorlton and remained in service until January 1949. Motorbuses replaced horse buses and, from 1949 onwards, the trams. Passenger railway services ended at the beginning of 1967 with the closure of Chorlton-cum-Hardy station, which had provided a commuter service into Manchester Central.

Bus services have been expanded and reorganized many times since then. The majority of bus services are operated by Stagecoach Manchester most notably the high frequency services 85/86 which run into Manchester city centre.

In the 21st century, traffic has become a serious problem , not helped by delays in establishing a Metrolink (tram) link to the area. From 1992 the Metrolink ran through Stretford, and conversion of the former railway line through Chorlton to a Metrolink line was planned, but failed to secure the funding needed. Work on the conversion began in 2010, and it opened on 7 July 2011, providing residents with a rail journey into the city centre for the first time in 44 years. The Chorlton tram stop is on the site of the old railway station. Services terminate one stop further south at St Werburgh's Road, on the site of the old Chorlton Junction signal-box.

The Great South to North Procession of Motor Cars passed through Chorlton in 1900. The first petrol pump in south Manchester was at Charles Shaw's garage on Barlow Moor Road (between Malton Avenue and High Lane): the garage building still exists but has been converted to other uses. The Ashby was a two-seater light car produced in Chorlton-cum-Hardy by Victor Ashby and Son from 1922 to 1924.

Planned ring road

Mauldeth Road West was built as a dual-carriageway in anticipation of the expansion of motor traffic and had a central strip intended for use as a double track for electric trams. When numbering of roads was introduced in the 1930s, Wilbraham Road was named as a part of the southern intermediate ring-road, the A6010, along with less suitable roads such as High Lane and Platt Lane. Mauldeth Road West was numbered the A6144, and was meant to extend along Hardy Lane, hence the latter's unusual width. It was then to cross the Mersey near Jackson's Boat, and join the rest of the A6144 at Old Hall Road, Sale, on its journey to Partington and Lymm. Its purpose was to relieve central Chorlton of the heavy traffic to Trafford Park, and from the clay pits operational in the Mersey Valley. Some motorway signage for the unbuilt road remained until 2005, and A-Z maps showed the legend "completion in 1974" through many editions.

Hough End

Alexandra Park aerodrome at Hough End, and its secondary landing site at Turn Moss, had a life-span, from 1917 until 1924; only the Air Training Corps centre remains. First Barton, then Ringway were chosen as the municipal aerodrome instead. Local residents benefited from Alexandra Park (later Wilbraham Road) railway station, and the cutting of a dual carriageway Mauldeth Road West. Most of Hough End, the site of the original manor house, was used for building the Old Moat council estate, and the dual carriageway Princess Road and its median tram-track in 1924–25, ensured Hough End was saved as green space. The Aerodrome company reverted its lease to Lord Egerton, who donated it as an open space in perpetuity to the City of Manchester. During the Second World War, anti-aircraft batteries were located there, and German prisoners, used as workers, lived in temporary housing beside Princess Road.

Governance

The district was a township of the ancient parish of Manchester in the Salford Hundred of Lancashire, then Stretford as that grew in importance. From 1876 to 1894 it was part of the district administered by the Withington Local Board and from 1894 to 1904 part of Withington Urban District. Chorlton was absorbed into the City of Manchester in August 1904, together with the rest of the urban district. A separate Withington Committee of the City Council existed between 1904 and 1914.

In 2013 Chorlton ward is represented by two Labour councillors and one Liberal Democrat. Chorlton Park ward which incorporates the Mersey Bank and Nell Lane estates of south and south-east Chorlton is represented by two Labour and one Liberal Democrat councillors. Whalley Range ward includes parts of Chorlton and is represented by three Labour councillors.

Parliamentary representation

Since the 1970s both of the wards have been in the Manchester Withington parliamentary constituency. Until then Chorlton ward had been in the Manchester Moss Side parliamentary constituency. The present MP is John Leech, Liberal Democrat, who has held the seat since 2005; the previous one was Keith Bradley (Labour), first elected in 1987.

Religion

Chorlton has been since 1847 in the Anglican Diocese of Manchester and Archdeaconry of Manchester; and since 1850, in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Salford. Between 1541 and 1847 it was in the Diocese of Chester and before that in the Diocese of Lichfield and Coventry. In medieval times churches were scarce in the district and the parish church was the Collegiate Church, Manchester, dependent on which was the chapel of ease at Didsbury.

Church of England

The first church was south of the present Chorlton Green and its churchyard is still in existence next to the Bowling Green Hotel though interments ceased in 1882 (except for spaces in existing graves). The churchyard was in use for about 160 years (the extant burial registers begin in 1753 and end in 1916) and by the 1980s when the site of the church was excavated and the churchyard landscaped contained 380 gravestones, some of which were used to form a path and a few others were left in place. This chapel, dedicated to St Clement, was established early in the 16th century, probably in 1512, and replaced by a brick-built chapel in 1779. For about 35 years this would have been Roman Catholic, until the separation from Rome under King Henry VIII. Among the clergy who ministered here were Joshua Brookes, curate from 1782 to 1791, and Peter Hordern (died 1836) who was librarian of Chetham's Library, Manchester. John Edmund Booth was Rector from 1859 until his death in 1892; during his time the new church was opened and the school building was replaced by a larger one.

By 1860 there was a need for a larger church building and the new St Clement's Church was built at Edge Lane (opened 1866). Sir William Cunliffe Brooks was a benefactor to the township but he withdrew support for building a new church: two of his daughters who died in infancy are buried at the old church. Another wealthy and influential parishioner who opposed the move was the merchant, Samuel Mendel of Manley Hall, Whalley Range. The old church remained for another 90 years and was then demolished though the ground plan is still apparent (it was excavated in 1980-81). A second Anglican parish, St Werburgh's was established in 1898 in the newer part of the suburb. The church on Wilbraham Road was built in 1900–02. At Hurstville Road, Hardy Lane, is St Barnabas Church, a chapel dependent upon St Clement's, opened in 1951. St Clement's celebrated its 500th anniversary during 2012.

Nonconformism

Methodism was probably introduced in the 1790s and a chapel was built in Beech Road in about 1805 and replaced by a larger building in 1827. It moved to the present site in 1873 when the chapel in Manchester Road was built in the neo-Gothic style, it has a First World War war memorial in the grounds. In 2010, the chapel's Sunday school building was adapted and became an arts centre. Manley Park Methodist Church was established on Egerton Road (North); the congregation began worshipping in a tin tabernacle in 1905; the present building was opened in 1910.

A smaller neighbouring chapel was used by the Welsh Methodist congregation. The first Congregational Chapel was opened in 1883 and replaced by the present chapel in 1894. This is now the United Reformed Church. The church was named the MacFadyen Memorial Church after the former minister, the Rev. J.A. MacFadyen. Some years ago the church was demolished and the congregation meets in the church hall. Other denominations established churches: the Unitarians in Wilbraham Road in 1901; the Macpherson Memorial Primitive Methodist Church built in 1896 was enlarged in 1908; the Baptist Maclaren Memorial Church in 1907 (also in Wilbraham Road); the Presbyterians in 1908 (again in Wilbraham Road); and the Emmanuel Free Church in 1909. The chapels of the Unitarians and Baptists have been demolished, although the congregations are still in existence. The Congregationalists and Baptists have joined in the United Reformed Church in the former Congregational church hall. The Evangelical Church meets at Ivygreen Road, having met previously in Beech Road.

Roman Catholic churches

Roman Catholicism was re-introduced to Chorlton after its suppression in the 16th-century Reformation when Irish immigrants arrived in the mid-19th century. The parish of St Augustine was established in 1890 at the "Priory" (formerly "Oakley"), Needham Avenue. Ten years later the priest moved into a building in High Lane which remained St Augustine's Church until 1927 (the site was on the corner of Church Road, now Chequers Road). It was replaced by the Church of Our Lady and St John but commonly known as St John's (the changes in dedication were influenced by the existence of St Augustine's, Chorlton-on-Medlock, and St Mary's, Mulberry Street, Manchester). This was on a new site on the corner of High Lane and Whitelow Road.

Another church is that of St Ambrose, Barlow Moor, (architects Reynolds & Stone, 1958). The dedication to St Ambrose of Milan was chosen because St Ambrose Barlow's birthplace was in the parish.

Islam and Buddhism

Present day Chorlton has a population which includes many Muslims, mostly of south Asian origin. There are mosques in Whalley Range and an Islamic high school in Chorlton. There are small numbers of Buddhists: one of their establishments is in High Lane in the former Primitive Methodist Chapel and another, the Vairochana Buddhist Centre, also in High Lane in the former Tom Mostyn's Art School. (The centre was in Dudley Road, Whalley Range, before moving to this building.) The oldest (founded 1975) belongs to the Kagyu Ling school of Tibetan Buddhism and is at Manor Drive, Merseybank.

Education

The earliest record of a school in Chorlton is the will of Sir Nicholas Mosley of Hough End Hall, lord of the manor of Manchester (d. 1612) who left £100 to pay a schoolmaster annually £5 for 20 years after his death. The Wesleyan Methodists began both a Sunday school and a day school ca. 1810, whereas the Anglican Sunday school did not begin until a later date. In 1845 the Rev. William Birley was responsible for the building of a Church School at Chorlton Green. When the building was found to be inadequate it was replaced by a new building on the site in 1879. A number of private schools also existed in the late 19th century including C. C. Dadley's grammar school and Tom Mostyn's art school. In 1898 a school was under construction for the Roman Catholic parish of St Augustine and in 1901 a new church school at St Clement's Road replaced the previous building but the older building continued to be used for infants and juniors until this was no longer necessary. In 1904 when Chorlton was incorporated into Manchester a municipal school was opened which moved to its permanent school building in Oswald Road in 1909.

At the present time the secondary schools in Chorlton are the Loreto High School, Chorlton High School (both in Nell Lane) and the Islamic High School for Girls in High Lane. The existing building of Chorlton High School replaced the old school in Sandy Lane which was formerly Chorlton Grammar School (opened 1925).

Annual events

Chorlton took part in the 2010 Manchester City Council funding initiative 'U Decide', an annual event where community groups bid for up to £1000 of council money, and are selected by a vote of local residents present. Chorlton holds a variety of annual festivals which have received funding through U Decide. The Beech Road Festival takes place on Beech Road, Beech Road Park and on Chorlton Green in June or July, with commercial and educational stalls and varied entertainments. A tug-of-war between teams from local pubs is a regular fixture and there is live music in Beech Road Park.

The Unity Festival takes place in Chorlton Park, encouraging racial and cultural unity in the area while providing a platform for performances by dancers, musicians and singers. Each festival usually attracts some 10,000 people. Chorlton Big Green Festival takes place in late March/April. It is an all-day event combining live music, dancing, food, real ale, cider, arts and crafts, workshops, cycling and films. The festival aims to encourage sustainable living in a fun and accessible way. It has a different theme each year.

The Chorlton Arts Festival takes place in May featuring a programme of events spread over nine days. The Chorlton Book Festival is a series of readings, creative writing workshops and publishing talks that takes place over two weeks in the autumn. Chorlton takes part in the Manchester Food & Drink Festival in early October, and in 2013 the inaugural Chorlton Coffee Festival was held in June; this was a weekend dedicated to coffee and a celebration of café culture.

Creative and performing arts

Many creative people such as artists, writers and actors have settled in Chorlton. Until January 2009 Chorlton was the location for the Cosgrove Hall animation studios where the children's series Chorlton and the Wheelies, Dangermouse and Count Duckula were created. The area is used by film crews for TV locations, such as The Second Coming, as it retains much of its original Victorian architecture. White Van Man used several Chorlton locations and was shown on BBC3 Television in 2010. A number of poets and minor publishers of poetry were active in the late 20th century and a poetry group meets at Chorlton Public Library. There are three amateur dramatic societies which rehearse and perform in Chorlton.

Public services

Chorlton-cum-Hardy is in the South Manchester Division of Greater Manchester Police (GMP) and Chorlton Police Station was situated on Barlow Moor Road, between Beech Road and the bus station, until it closed in October 2011. The first police station was established in Beech Road in 1885 by the Lancashire Constabulary and was replaced by the one on Barlow Moor Road in the 1960s. At Hough End the GMP Sports and Social Club is on the site of the former Alexandra Park Aerodrome and is where Greater Manchester Police train their dogs and horses. The GMP helicopter uses the pitches as a landing spot when patients are taken on to Wythenshawe Hospital or dog handlers need to be airlifted to incidents in the helicopter.

Notable residents and visitors

Historic

• Saint Ambrose Barlow, was born at Barlow Hall in 1585. He suffered martyrdom for his Catholic faith.
• Joshua Brookes, curate of St Clement's church from 1782 to 1791. In 1791 he became chaplain of Manchester Collegiate Church. He was an eccentric member of an eccentric family and many stories are told of him. He is portrayed in Mrs. Linnaeus Banks's novel The Manchester Man. He is commemorated locally in the name of the public house Joshua Brooks [sic], 106 Princess Street.
• Charles Peace, a notorious petty criminal who killed P. C. Nicholas Cock in 1876 (at the Old Trafford end of Manchester Road). On conviction he was hanged at Leeds.
• Alderman James Herbert Dawson, one of the promoters of the garden suburb at Chorltonville, was a long-serving councillor in Manchester and in Lytham St Annes.
• Henry Royce, mechanical engineer and founder of Rolls-Royce, lived here from 1893 to 1898.

Modern

• Alcock and Brown, the first men to fly across the Atlantic Ocean, were long-term residents (a house in Oswald Road is marked by a blue plaque because of this). Sir Arthur Whitten Brown is buried at Southern Cemetery.
• John Andrews, the crime and antiques writer, was born here.
• HRH The Princess Anne, laid the foundation stone of the Multiple Sclerosis Society Housing Scheme on Cundiff Road in October 1989
• David Bonser, the Anglican Bishop of Bolton from 1991 until 1999, was Rector of St Clement's Chorlton-cum-Hardy, 1968–72
• Graham Lyall, 1890-1941. Won the VC during the Battle of Cambrai, leading raids to take prisoners as a Lieutenant in a Canadian regiment.
• Sir Robert Mark, Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, began his career with the Manchester City Police. He was born in Chorlton and was resident there until his move to Leicester in 1957.
• Edward Smouha ("Teddy Smouha"), Olympic athlete and officer (Wing Commander) in the Royal Air Force.

Public entertainment and popular music

Due to the signs (i.e. "Chorltonville") seen on the programme, Chorlton-cum-Hardy railway station was long assumed to be the venue for a notable Granada TV concert in 1964 by a number of visiting blues musicians including Muddy Waters, Sister Rosetta Tharpe, Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee, and others. However, recent research by C. P. Lee has identified Alexandra Park railway station, at the end of Athol Road, as the actual location.

The Bee Gees spent nearly eight years of their childhood living in 51, Keppel Road, Chorlton: in 1958 they moved to Australia. The street also lent its name to a Bee Gees documentary in 1997. The Stone Roses were a Chorlton band, with guitarist John Squire living and working for Cosgrove Hall in the suburb. Mike Pickering of M People lived on Ryebank Road.

Dunstable-born artist and musician Damon Gough, known as Badly Drawn Boy is also resident, near Chorlton Green. In an interview with the Manchester Evening News, he was quoted as saying "Chorlton's where home is. It's the place I would want to be if the world ended". Jim Noir, another musician based in Chorlton, recorded his album 'Tower of Love' in his own house. Another local musician who resides in Chorlton is Mark Collins of The Charlatans. Notable residents have included locally born actor Warren Clarke who lived at 8, Grindley Avenue, and Freddie Garrity (of Freddie and the Dreamers). Actress Doris Speed lived in Sibson Road, and for over twenty years she played Annie Walker, landlady of the Rovers Return in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street. Harry H. Corbett, of Steptoe and Son fame, started out in the Conservative Club's Dramatic Society. Harry Goodwin is known for his photographs of pop musicians and sports personalities. He was the resident photographer of the BBC Television programme Top of the Pops from its inception in 1964 until 1973. In 2007 Yoko Ono opened a permanent exhibit of Goodwin's photographs at Liverpool John Lennon Airport. This happened because Neil Pakey found some of Goodwin's photographs on display in a local barber's.

Quentin Crisp died in a house on Claude Road shortly before his 91st birthday, on the eve of a nationwide revival of his one-man show. His body was cremated with a minimum of ceremony, and his ashes flown back to New York and scattered over Manhattan.

Sport and recreation

Chorlton is included in Roger Oldham's A Manchester Alphabet (1906): "Chorlton's in the suburbs / The houses there have gates / And people come in winter time / If frosty with their skates."

In the early 19th century the sports of bull-baiting, badger-baiting and cock-fighting were popular in Chorlton. Sports of this kind were outlawed by an Act of Parliament of 1835 and the last bull-baiting in Chorlton is recorded the same year. Prize-fighting, horse and foot-racing, and wrestling usually occurred on the meadows and were liable to lead to disorder. If the forces of law and order appeared participants and spectators would usually escape across the Mersey into Cheshire and continue their sport. Horse races are also said to been held on land now part of Chorlton Park in the 16th century.

Barlow Hall serves as the club house of the Chorlton-cum-Hardy Golf Club.

Team sports

Association football

Chorltonville recreation area has become a private football ground, owned by West Didsbury & Chorlton A.F.C. Many other amateur football teams are active in Chorlton and both the local Premier League teams (Manchester City and Manchester United) are well-supported in the area. It was in Chorlton-cum-Hardy that George Best lodged when he first came to Manchester, on Sibson Road in the house next door but one to Doris Speed's house. Sir Matt Busby's funeral was held at St John's Church; former Manchester City footballer Nicky Reid was brought up locally. After the Second World War the Owners' Committee sold off the tennis courts and recreation area. The tennis courts were absorbed by gardens of adjoining Chorltonville houses, and the recreation area became a private football ground, owned by West Didsbury & Chorlton A.F.C.

Rugby Union

Broughton Park Rugby Union F.C. is one of the oldest rugby union clubs in England and was established in 1882, just one year after the Lancashire County Rugby Union was founded and eleven years after the formation of the national Rugby Football Union. The club has had a number of different grounds in its time, mainly in the Salford/Prestwich area, but also in the south of Manchester. Since 2004 its present new facility is at Hough End in Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Manchester. Originally the club had only one senior side, but now fields four senior sides and supported by one Colts (U19), four youth (U13-U17) and four mini (U8-U12) teams; a total involvement of some 220 players each week. Broughton Park R.F.C. is the City of Manchester's highest placed representative in the Rugby Union Leagues.

Rugby League

A relative newcomer to the area, Mancunians RL are an amateur rugby league club which groundshares with Broughton Park Rugby Union F.C. at Hough End. The club was formed in 2009, and were crowned North West regional Champions in 2010. The club has recently announced that they are working closely with the Rugby Football League to become a semi-professional club and join the Co-operative Championships in 2015. Mancunians are very active in the local community and operate schools coaching programmes in partnership with The Manchester College and Greater Manchester Police.

Cricket

South West Manchester Cricket Club is one of the oldest in the Manchester area and has four adult teams who all play in the Manchester and District Cricket Association: the ground is at Ellesmere Road North, the old clubhouse being what used to be Hobson's Hall Farm. Chorlton cum Hardy Cricket Club is based at Hardy Lane.

Parks and water parks

Stretford Stadium, within Longford Park, is the home of Trafford Athletic Club. Most of the area of the park is in Stretford but the eastern part is in Chorlton with an entrance on Ryebank Road. Also in the park are tennis courts and bowling greens. An area of what is now Chorlton Park was used many centuries ago for horse racing. As a public park it dates from 1928: there are gardens, many trees, and recreational facilities. The Recreation Ground (Beech Park) was opened in 1896 having been donated to the community by Lord Egerton. Chorlton Water Park is on the north side of the Mersey: access from southern Chorlton is via Maitland Avenue. It may be reached from the southern banks of the River Mersey by a small footbridge.

In nearby Chorlton Ees, a proposed development of football pitches and a clubhouse, while widely supported by people who work with local youth, was the subject of some local opposition. The plans were withdrawn while a committee of the City Council were considering them in January 2010. In May 2010 the issue reemerged with a modified proposal from the club which has aroused middle-class incomer opposition once more. Chorltonville recreation area has become a private football ground, currently owned by West Didsbury & Chorlton A.F.C.

Public houses

The oldest public house in Chorlton is reputedly the Bowling Green (1693 but moved to a new site in 1908); the Horse and Jockey, Chorlton Green, occupies a building reputedly of the 16th century though the half-timbered look is Victorian and the licence early 19th century. Near the new centre of Chorlton are the Royal Oak (built on the site of an earlier house) and the Lloyd's Hotel, Wilbraham Road (ca. 1870). The Beech Inn occupies what was once the Methodist schoolroom. Bowls has been for many years a popular sport in the area: many of the greens which still exist are attached to public houses, e.g. the Lloyd's Hotel and the Bowling Green Hotel. The Jackson's Boat pub, originally the Bridge Inn, was in Chorlton-cum-Hardy, despite being on the opposite bank of the River Mersey, until boundary reforms in the 1980s.

Cinemas and dance halls

The earliest cinema was the Chorlton Pavilion in Wilbraham Road on the east side of the railway bridge at Buckingham Road which opened in the first decade of the 20th century. It was bought in 1909 by H. D. Moorhouse and became part of his HDM circuit. The Palais de Luxe Cinema opened in 1915 in Barlow Moor Road and closed ca. 1958; a little further south was the Rivoli Cinema, opened in 1937, which later became the Essoldo and later still the Classic and the Shalimar. At Manchester Road was a cinema originally named the Majestic but when opened was called the Savoy, afterwards the ABC and then the Gaumont. The Chorlton Palais de Danse in Barlow Moor Road was once very popular; after becoming a nightclub the site was redeveloped as a McDonald's fast food outlet.

See also

• Barlow Moor
• Chorlton-cum-Hardy railway station
• Chorlton Park Apartments
• Chorltonville
• Merseybank
• Parks and open spaces in Chorlton cum Hardy
• Southern Cemetery, Manchester
• Whalley Range, Manchester

References

Notes

1. The latter form may derive from the historic form of the name, "Chollerton" (which is recorded as "Chowlerton" in the 17th century).
2. Historically the area east of Chorlton was also in the Manor of Withington, later divided into Withington and Moss Side Urban Districts, within which the suburbs of Whalley Range and Alexandra Park developed during the late 19th century. The ward, postal district and ecclesiastical parish boundaries do not always correspond. The western boundary with Stretford has remained the same. Estate agents often use such ambiguous and misleading descriptions as "Chorlton Borders".
3. As in Cooper's Manchester's Suburbs, based on John Lloyd's account in The Township of Chorlton-cum-Hardy, p. 3
4. Ekwall, E. (1936) The Concise Dictionary of English Place-names, 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940
5. Mills, A. D (1991). The Popular Dictionary of English Place-Names. Parragon Book Service Ltd & Magpie Books. ISBN 0-7525-1851-8
6. Chorlton with Hardy; The New Lancashire Gazetteer or Topographical Dictionary (1830)
7. Chorlton with Hardy; Victoria History of the County of Lancaster (1911)
8. John Lloyd says this may have been because John Whitaker gave this date as being when "the district south of Manchester was disencumbered of its ancient oaks". Lloyd (1972); pp. 1 & 6
9. Lloyd (1972); pp. 1–3
10. Lloyd 1985, p. 4
11. "West Point" being the junction of Manchester Road with Upper Chorlton Road. Lloyd 1972, p. 4
12. Proctor, Richard Wright (1874) Memorials of Manchester Streets. Manchester: Thomas Sutcliffe; pp. 278–79 (the stone had already been lost but two transcriptions of the wording were available).
13. Butt 1995, p. 61
14. Hartwell, Clare (2004) Lancashire: Manchester and the South-east. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press ISBN 0-300-10583-5, pp. 411–418
15. Cooper 2002, pp. 42–47.
16. Hayes, Cliff (1999) Chorlton-cum-Hardy. (Britain in Old Photographs.) Stroud: Sutton ISBN 0-7509-2065-3; pp. 22–23
17. ^ Lloyd 1972, pp. 99, 103
18. "A Brief History of Jackson's Boat | Jackson's Boat". Jacksonsboat.co.uk. 2007-09-24. Retrieved 2012-04-30.
19. Lloyd 1972, pp. 69–70
20. "Chorlton Green and Beech Road". Slater's 1903 Street Directory . Isaac Slater. 1903. p. extract. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
21. Schofield 2004, pp. 216–217.
22. (1969) Manchester – Chorlton-cum-Hardy. Old Hatfield: Charles E. Goad
23. City Life; 26 Jan./5 Feb 2004
24. Beech Road M21
25. Including Manchester Road and Barlow Moor Road from Kensington Road (north) to Hardy Lane (south) and Wilbraham Road from the Metrolink station (east) to Oswald Road (west).
26. South Manchester Regeneration Team (2010) Chorlton District Centre Action Plan 2010–2020. Manchester: City Council
27. "Manchester Metrolink Extension Project". urbantransport-technology.com. Retrieved 2009-11-10. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
28. "On track at last: Commuters travel on new Metrolink tram service to south Manchester for first time". Manchester Evening News. 7 July 2011.
29. South Manchester line, Greater Manchester Metrolink.
30. Lloyd (1972); p. 108
31. Lloyd (1985); p.
32. Baldwin, Nick, A-Z of Cars of 1920s, Bideford: Bay View Books, 1998 ISBN 1-901432-09-2
33. Yearsley, Ian (1969) The Manchester Tram. Huddersfield: Advertiser Press; p.72
34. Geographers A-Z
35. "Greater Manchester Gazetteer". Greater Manchester County Record Office. Place names – C. Retrieved 17 June 2008.
36. Until the late 19th century there was no green; this land was mainly agricultural.
37. Simpson, Andrew (2012) The Story of Chorlton-cum-Hardy. Stroud: History Press ISBN 978-0-7524-8966-7; pp. 273-77
38. Manchester City Libraries. "Church Register List; Chelford to Chorlton-cum-Hardy". Manchester City Council. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
39. Some of the interments were within the church; existing gravestones commemorate two of the clergy who ministered in Chorlton, John Morton and John Edmund Booth.
40. Chorlton Chapel was one of very few chapels-of-ease in the very large parish of Manchester when it was established.
41. Lloyd 1972, p. 68, 113
42. Lloyd 1972, p. 104
43. The Messenger; Nov/Dec. 2010. Chorlton Methodist Church
44. "Waters Edge Arts Ltd". Retrieved 19 November 2010.
45. Glendinning, Amy (7 June 2010). "'Tin tabernacle' turns 100". The South Manchester Reporter. p. 15.
46. Dates given on the front of the building; after the second World War the chapel became redundant, it is now in use as a Buddhist meditation centre
47. Commemorating Alexander Maclaren, a minister at the Union Chapel, Fallowfield
48. Lloyd 1972, p. 103
49. Pevsner, N. (1969) Lancashire; 1. Harmondsworth: Penguin; p. 306
50. Lloyd 1972, p. 46
51. "Kagyu Buddhism Manchester". Dechen. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
52. Now the Vairochana Buddhist Centre, High Lane
53. Lloyd, John (1985) Looking Back at Chorlton-cum-Hardy. Altrincham: Willow; p. 11
54. Lloyd 1972, pp. 27, 54, 66, 98–99
55. Aerial Views, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, [1] Oswald Road Elementary School, [2] Chorlton High School and [3] Chorlton Public Library, Manchester (1925)[1] - top left; Manchester City Council Local Image Collection
56. Beech Road Festival
57. "Beech Road Park". Manchester City Council. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
58. Unity Festival
59. "Green Chorlton website". Green Chorlton. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
60. Chorlton Arts Festival
61. Chorlton Book Festival
62. Manchester Food & Drink Festival
63. Chorlton Coffee Festival
64. "Manky Poets". Retrieved 2009-10-08.
65. "Community Groups in Chorlton cum Hardy". Chorlton Web. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
66. Lloyd (1972); pp. 63–64; referring to Thomas Ellwood, South Manchester Gazette, chapter XI.
67. Lloyd 1972, p. 93
68. Lloyd (1985) Looking Back; p.
69. Chorlton Record; No. 1, 31 October 1989
70. Mark, Robert (1978) In the Office of Constable. London: Collins; ISBN 0-00-216032-3
71. Hayes, Cliff (1999) Chorlton-cum-Hardy. (Britain in Old Photographs.) Stroud: Sutton ISBN 0-7509-2065-3; p. 119
72. "Teddy Smouha". Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
73. Tidman, Gareth (9 November 2006). "When the Blues train rolled into Chorlton". The South Manchester Reporter. Retrieved 23 February 2009.
74. Chorlton Civic Society newsletter; February 2009, p. 6
75. Blues and Gospel train ticket, Wilbraham Road Railway Station, 7 May 1964. Manchester District Music Archive. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
76. "Harry Is Flying High". Manchester Evening News. 16 April 2010. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
77. Not in that part of the road in Chorltonville
78. A Manchester Alphabet; written and drawn by Roger Oldham. Manchester: John Heywood, 1906
79. Lloyd (1972); pp. 73–76
80. "The Club House". Chorlton-cum-Hardy Golf Club. Archived from the original on 17 December 2007. Retrieved 10 January 2008.
81. ^ West Didsbury & Chorlton A.F.C. "Football Club website". Retrieved 2010-10-27.
82. "Broughton Park Rugby Union F.C."
83. 1845 Tithe Map
84. "Save Chorlton Meadows". Retrieved 21 November 2009.
85. Built by James Platt on land owned by George Lloyd of Stockton Hall, North Riding of Yorkshire, and sometimes known as the Lloyd Platt Hotel.
86. Lloyd 1972, pp. 104–106
87. Lloyd 1972, pp. 108–109

Bibliography

• Booker, John (1857). "A History of the Ancient Chapels of Didsbury and Chorlton". Manchester: Chetham Society. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Burton, Nick (ed.) Chorlton cum Hardy and Stretford, 1905. (Old Ordnance Survey maps. Lancashire sheet 111.10.) Gateshead: Alan Godfrey (includes historical survey and extracts from Slater's directory, 1910)
• Butt, R. V. J. (1995). The Directory of Railway Stations. Sparkford: Patrick Stephens. ISBN 1-85260-508-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Cooper, Glynis (2002). "An Illustrated History of Manchester Suburbs". Derby: Breedon Books. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Cooper, Glynis (2007). The Illustrated History of Manchester's Suburbs. Derby: Breedon Books Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85983-592-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ellwood, Thomas L. (1885–86). "History of Chorlton-cum-Hardy". South Manchester Gazette. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: date format (link)
• Hayes, Cliff (1999). Chorlton-cum-Hardy: Britain in Old Photographs. Stroud: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-7509-2065-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Lloyd, John M. (1972). The Township of Chorlton-cum-Hardy. Manchester: E. J. Morten. ISBN 0-901598-26-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Lloyd, John M. (1985). Looking Back at Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Martledge, Barlow Moor and Hough End. Manchester: Willow. ISBN 0-946361-14-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Schofield, R. A. (2004). "Manchester's Early Airfields". In Brumhead, Derek & Wyke, Terry (ed.). Moving Manchester: aspects of the history of transport in the city and region since 1700. Manchester: Lancashire & Cheshire Antiquarian Society. OCLC 61759252.Template:Inconsistent citations {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) CS1 maint: postscript (link)

Further reading

• Simpson, Andrew (2012) The Story of Chorlton-cum-Hardy. Stroud: History Press ISBN 978-0-7524-8966-7

External links

• "Chorlton Civic Society".
• "Original Chorltonville Brochure".
• "Old photographs of Chorlton".
• "Chorlton's Councillors on Manchester City Council".
• "GENUKI article on Chorlton". Retrieved 2009-04-27.
• "Chorlton cum Hardy local history [timeline, 610 - 1909]". Anthony F. Walker, ed. Retrieved 2011-10-05.

• Areas of Manchester
• Irish diaspora in the United Kingdom
• Manchester City Council Wards