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| A '''tithe''', from an old word meaning a tenth, was a taxation system in which peasants gave one tenth of their produce to the ]. | A '''tithe''', from an old word meaning a tenth, was a taxation system in which peasants gave one tenth of their produce to the ]. | ||
| The practice of giving tithes was mentioned in the ], beginning with the gift from ] to Melchizedek (Genesis 14:20). Tithes were adopted by the Christian church, and were formally recognised under ] in ]. | The Hebrew practice of giving tithes was mentioned in the ], beginning with the gift from ] to Melchizedek (Genesis 14:20). Tithes were also given in ancient ], ] and ]. Tithes were adopted by the early Christian church, being mentioned in councils at ] in ] and at ] in ]. They were formally recognised under ] in ]. | ||
| == Tithes in England == | == Tithes in England == | ||
| The right to receive tithes was granted to the English churches by ] in ]. ] criticised the system in '']'' (]), arguing that a fixed rent would encourage peasants to farm more efficiently. The ] led to the transfer of many tithe rights from the Church to secular landowners, and then in the ] to the Crown. The system ended with the Tithe Commutation Act ], which replaced tithes with a rent charge decided by a Tithe Commission. The records of land ownership, or Tithe Files, made by the Commission are now a valuable resource for historians. | The right to receive tithes was granted to the English churches by ] in ]. Tithes were given legal force by the Statute of Westminister of ]. ] criticised the system in '']'' (]), arguing that a fixed rent would encourage peasants to farm more efficiently. The ] led to the transfer of many tithe rights from the Church to secular landowners, and then in the ] to the Crown. The system ended with the Tithe Commutation Act ], which replaced tithes with a rent charge decided by a Tithe Commission. The records of land ownership, or Tithe Files, made by the Commission are now a valuable resource for historians. | ||
| The rent charges paid to landowners were converted by the Tithe Act ] to annuities paid to the state through the Tithe Redemption Commission. The payments were transferred in ] to the Board of Inland Revenue, and finally terminated by the Finance Act ]. | The rent charges paid to landowners were converted by the Tithe Act ] to annuities paid to the state through the Tithe Redemption Commission. The payments were transferred in ] to the Board of Inland Revenue, and finally terminated by the Finance Act ]. | ||
Revision as of 14:20, 16 November 2002
A tithe, from an old word meaning a tenth, was a taxation system in which peasants gave one tenth of their produce to the church.
The Hebrew practice of giving tithes was mentioned in the Bible, beginning with the gift from Abraham to Melchizedek (Genesis 14:20). Tithes were also given in ancient Lydia, Arabia and Carthage. Tithes were adopted by the early Christian church, being mentioned in councils at Tours in 567 and at Macon in 585. They were formally recognised under Pope Adrian I in 787.
Tithes in England
The right to receive tithes was granted to the English churches by King Ethelwulf in 855. Tithes were given legal force by the Statute of Westminister of 1285. Adam Smith criticised the system in The Wealth of Nations (1776), arguing that a fixed rent would encourage peasants to farm more efficiently. The Dissolution of the Monasteries led to the transfer of many tithe rights from the Church to secular landowners, and then in the 1530s to the Crown. The system ended with the Tithe Commutation Act 1836, which replaced tithes with a rent charge decided by a Tithe Commission. The records of land ownership, or Tithe Files, made by the Commission are now a valuable resource for historians.
The rent charges paid to landowners were converted by the Tithe Act 1936 to annuities paid to the state through the Tithe Redemption Commission. The payments were transferred in 1960 to the Board of Inland Revenue, and finally terminated by the Finance Act 1977.