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| A '''reciprocating electric motor''' is a motor in which the armature moves back and forth rather than circularly. Early ]s were sometimes of the reciprocating type, such as those made by ] in the 1840s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sparkmuseum.com/MOTORS.HTM|title=Motors|work=sparkmuseum.com|accessdate=30 March 2015}}</ref> Today, reciprocating electric motors are rare but they do have some ], e.g. in ]s for ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eng.ox.ac.uk/cryogenics/publications/abstracts/Preprint_ValvedComp.pdf/view|title=Preprint valved linear compressor|work=ox.ac.uk|accessdate=30 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hymatic.co.uk/stirling.cryocooler.tp1.htm|title=ABSTRACT|work=hymatic.co.uk|accessdate=30 March 2015}}</ref> and as educational toys.<ref>. ''wondermagnet.com''. Retrieved on 31 March 2015.</ref> | A '''reciprocating electric motor''' is a motor in which the armature moves back and forth rather than circularly. Early ]s were sometimes of the reciprocating type, such as those made by ] in the 1840s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sparkmuseum.com/MOTORS.HTM|title=Motors|work=sparkmuseum.com|accessdate=30 March 2015}}</ref> Today, reciprocating electric motors are rare but they do have some ], e.g. in ]s for ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eng.ox.ac.uk/cryogenics/publications/abstracts/Preprint_ValvedComp.pdf/view|title=Preprint valved linear compressor|work=ox.ac.uk|accessdate=30 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hymatic.co.uk/stirling.cryocooler.tp1.htm|title=ABSTRACT|work=hymatic.co.uk|accessdate=30 March 2015}}</ref> and as educational toys.<ref name="auto">. ''wondermagnet.com''. Retrieved on 31 March 2015.</ref> | ||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| Daniel Davis<ref>http://www.princetonmahistory.org/people-groups/residents/daniel-davis</ref> was an early maker of reciprocating electric motors.<ref>http://physics.kenyon.edu/EarlyApparatus/Daniel_Davis_Apparatus/Reciprocating_Armature_Engine/Reciprocating_Armature_Engine.html</ref> | Daniel Davis<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.princetonmahistory.org/people-groups/residents/daniel-davis|title=Daniel Davis - PHS|work=princetonmahistory.org|accessdate=31 March 2015}}</ref> was an early maker of reciprocating electric motors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://physics.kenyon.edu/EarlyApparatus/Daniel_Davis_Apparatus/Reciprocating_Armature_Engine/Reciprocating_Armature_Engine.html|title=Reciprocating Armature Engine|work=kenyon.edu|accessdate=31 March 2015}}</ref> | ||
| Images of some other historic reciprocating electric motors are shown below: | Images of some other historic reciprocating electric motors are shown below: | ||
| <gallery> | <gallery> | ||
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| ===Toys=== | ===Toys=== | ||
| Educational toys can be built as DIY projects<ref |
Educational toys can be built as DIY projects<ref name="auto"/> and one has even been patented. | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 18:23, 31 March 2015
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A reciprocating electric motor is a motor in which the armature moves back and forth rather than circularly. Early electric motors were sometimes of the reciprocating type, such as those made by Daniel Davis in the 1840s. Today, reciprocating electric motors are rare but they do have some niche applications, e.g. in linear compressors for cryogenics and as educational toys.
History
Daniel Davis was an early maker of reciprocating electric motors. Images of some other historic reciprocating electric motors are shown below:
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Unknown maker, 1873
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Grüel elektromotor, 1873
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Unknown maker, 1881
Design
 | This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
A reciprocating electric motor uses an alternating magnetic field to move its armature back and forth, rather than circularly as in a conventional electric motor. A single field coil may be placed at one end of the armature's possible movement, or a field coil may be used at each end.
The armature may be a permanent magnet, in which case the coil or coils can exert both repulsive and attractive force on the armature. If there are two coils they will be wound and connected so that their like poles face each other, so that when (for example) the poles facing the armature are both negative, one pole will attract the armature's south pole while the other will repel its north pole. When the armature reaches the extreme of its movement, polarity to the coils is reversed.
The armature may instead be made of ferromagnetic material, as in an electromagnetic solenoid. In this case the current in the coils will alternate between on and off, rather than between polarities. A single-coil motor with a non-magnetic armature would require a spring or some other "return" mechanism to move the armature away from the coil upon completion of the "attract" cycle. An "interrupter"-style electromechanical buzzer operates on this same principle. A dual-coil motor would alternately energize the two coils. Where the motor is adapted to produce rotary motion, the return mechanism consists of a crankshaft and flywheel.
This is an extremely simple motor, such that demonstration models may be easily constructed for teaching purposes. As a practical motor it has several disadvantages. Magnetic field strength drops off rapidly with increasing distance. In the reciprocating electric motor the distance between armature and field coil must necessarily increase considerably over its minimum value; this reduces the motor's output power and starting force. Vibration is also an issue.
Applications
Linear compressors
A design for a linear compressor of this type has been produced by the Cryogenic Engineering Group at the University of Oxford.
Electric shavers
Some electric shavers use reciprocating motors.
Toys
Educational toys can be built as DIY projects and one has even been patented.
See also
References
- "Motors". sparkmuseum.com. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- "Preprint valved linear compressor". ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- "ABSTRACT". hymatic.co.uk. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ "WONDERMAGNET.COM - NdFeB Magnets, Magnet Wire, Books, Weird Science, Needful Things". wondermagnet.com. Retrieved on 31 March 2015.
- "Daniel Davis - PHS". princetonmahistory.org. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
- "Reciprocating Armature Engine". kenyon.edu. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
- "WONDERMAGNET.COM - NdFeB Magnets, Magnet Wire, Books, Weird Science, Needful Things". wondermagnet.com. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- "Preprint valved linear compressor". ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
- "ABSTRACT". hymatic.co.uk. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
- "BBC Bitesize - GCSE Product Design - How does an electric shaver work?". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
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