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Amenhotep III, Ägyptisches Museum Berlin
Colossus of Memnon
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The Colossi of Memnon depict Amenhotep III
Amenhotep III was an Egyptian pharaoh of the XVIIIth dynasty. According to different authors he ruled ca. 1413-1377 BC, 1405-1367 BC, or 1386-1349 BC, following on from his father Thutmose IV. With his Chief Queen Tiy, he fathered Akhenaten, who would succeed him on the throne.
Amenhotep appears to have been crowned while still a child, perhaps between the ages of 6 and 12. His lengthy reign was a period peace and prosperity and of artistic splendour. He built extensively at the temple of Karnak, including at least two pylons, a colonnade behind the new entrance, and a new temple to the goddess Ma'at. He also oversaw construction of another temple to her at Luxor.
His mortuary temple on the west bank of the Nile was, in its day, the largest religious complex in Thebes but, unfortunately, he chose to build too close to the floodplain and less than 200 years later, it stood in ruins. Much of the masonry was purloined by later pharaohs for their own construction projects. The Colossi of Memnon – two massive 18-meter stone statues of Amenhotep that stood at the gateway of his temple – are the only elements of the complex that remained standing.
The etymology of the name Amenhotep can be interpreted as "Amon is pleased".
Other spellings: Amen-hotep, Amenophis (Greek).