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Removal of Gao Juren's order to kill ethnic Hu from a citation
This sentence was removed from a citation whose source inaccurately describes a historical event in 761, which does not support the proposition that the Tang Court took retribution against Sogdians in the suppression of the An-Shi Rebellion.
- The Goguryeo general Gao Juren ordered a mass slaughter of West Asians (Hu) identifying them through their big noses and lances were used to impale tossed children when he stormed Beijing from An Lushan's rebels.
The episode of inter-ethnic clashes within Fanyang (seat of Youzhou, modern Beijing), known as the "Disorder within Jimen" （蓟门内乱） that occurred in the spring and summer of 761, was an incident of infighting within the rebel camp, not one of retribution by the Tang court against ethnic minorities.
By early 761, An Lushan, the original leader of the rebellion and founder of the Yan Dynasty had already been dead for four years. The rebellion he launched was riven by infighting as he was killed by his son, and his son by his lieutenant Shi Siming. In the spring of 761, the rebel infighting continued when the rebel Yan Emperor Shi Siming was killed by supporters of his eldest son Shi Chaoyi (Shi Chaoyi 史朝义) near Luoyang, who were alarmed that Shi Siming who made his younger son Shi Chaoqing (史朝清), the Crown Prince, was about to eliminate Shi Chaoyi.
After his supporters killed his father, Shi Chaoyi took the thrown of the Yan Dynasty and sent minister Zhang Tongru (张通儒) to Fanyang to eliminate his brother Shi Chaoqing.
Zhang Tongru summarily put Crown Prince Shi Chaoqing and Shi Chaoqing's mother Empress Xin to death. He then directed rebel generals Gao Juren (高鞠仁) and Gao Ruzhen (高如震) to execute the Empress' brother, Xin Wannian (辛万年). The two Gaos decided to spare Xin and killed Zhang Tongru instead. They reported to Shi Chaoyi, the new Yan Emperor in Luoyang, that Zhang Tongru was planning to surrender Fanyang to the Tang court. They sought to recruit another rebel general Ashina Chengqing to lead their faction. Ashina Chengqing refused and killed Gao Ruzhen. Gao Juren then turned against Ashina Chengqing. These two rebel generals fought for control of Fanyang (also known as Jimen). Within the ethnically-diverse rebel army in Fanyang, Gao Juren, who was ethnic Korean (Goguryeo), led fighters from beyond the northeastern frontier, such as Koreans, Khitan, Xi, and Mohe, while Ashina Chengqing (阿史那承庆), an ethnic Turk, drew support from fighters from the northwestern frontier, collectively known as Hu and included Turks, Sogdians, Tongluo and Tiele. After Gao Juren drove Ashina Chengqing out of Fanyang, he ordered the killing of Hu in the city to eliminate Ashina Chengqing's supporters.
The Yan Emperor Shi Chaoyi recognized Gao Juren as the commander in Fanyang, but also named Li Huaixian (李怀仙), another rebel general, to a more senior post in the city. Li Huaixian, who was an ethnic Hu, arrived in Fanyang and pretended to respect Gao Juren's authority. Gao did not harbor any apparent animus against Li Huaixian on account of Hu ethnicity, despite his earlier order to kill Hu fighters and their families in the city because Li Huaixian was not allied with Ashina Chengqing. At a meal banquet, Li Huaixian killed Gao Juren and took Fanyang. This bout of infighting further weakened the rebel Yan regime.
In 763, Li Huaixian surrendered to the Tang court and drove Shi Chaoyi to commit suicide, ending the An-Shi Rebellion.
Hence, the removed sentence is misleading in that:
- Gao Juren was not a general who was fighting on the side of the Tang court as the sentence implies.
- Gao did not storm Fanyang he was already based in Fanyang during the in-fighting among rebels.
- The rebel faction he defeated was not led by An Lushan.
- The ethnic killings in Fanyang was waged by one faction of ethnic minority rebels against another faction of ethnic minority rebels.
- Order in Fanyang was restored by another ethnic Hu rebel general who surrendered to the Tang court in 763.
Sources: ContinentalAve (talk) 05:05, 4 July 2022 (UTC) ContinentalAve (talk) 05:05, 4 July 2022 (UTC)
References
- Hansen, Valerie (2003). "New Work on the Sogdians, the Most Important Traders on the Silk Road, A.D. 500-1000". T'oung Pao. 89 (1/3): 158. doi:10.1163/156853203322691347. JSTOR 4528925.
- Hansen, Valerie (2015). "CHAPTER 5 The Cosmopolitan Terminus of the Silk Road". The Silk Road: A New History (illustrated, reprint ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 157–158. ISBN 978-0190218423.
- "成德军的诞生：为什么说成德军继承了安史集团的主要遗产" in 时拾史事 2020-02-08
- 李碧妍, 《危机与重构：唐帝国及其地方诸侯》2015-08-01