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Bengali is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language that originated from the Middle Indo-Aryan language in the 7th century.

After the conquest of Nadia in 1204 AD, Islamic rule began in Bengal, which influenced the Bengali language. The middle or late 14th century is marked as the end of Old Bengal and the beginning of Middle Bengal.

Modern Bengali dates back to 1800 AD. It marked the renaissance of Bengali, as well as incorporating borrowings from European languages. Significant changes in verbs and pronouns occurred during this period, which marked the contraction of most verbs and pronouns.

Old Bengal

The people of Bengal initially spoke a Prakrit language, which was known as Magadhi, or on the contrary, Gaudi. Later, it evolved into Old Bengali. Most Bengali-speaking people today consider Old Bengali to be almost unintelligible, although most of the words most commonly used in modern Bengali have their roots in Old Bengali.

References

1. Shahidullah 1998, p. 42.
2. "Bengali literature". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
3. "Within the Eastern Indic language family the history of the separation of Bangla from Odia, Assamese, and the languages of Bihar remains to be worked out carefully. Scholars do not yet agree on criteria for deciding if certain tenth century AD texts were in a Bangla already distinguishable from the other languages, or marked a stage at which Eastern Indic had not finished differentiating." (Dasgupta 2003:386–387)

Bibliography

• Dasgupta, Probal (2003), "Bangla", in Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (eds.), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, pp. 386–428
• Mukherji, Tarapada (1963). The old bengali language and text (PDF). Calcutta (now Kolkata): Calcutta University Press. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
• Shaw, Dr. Rameswar (21 February 1984). সাধারণ ভাষাবিজ্ঞান ও বাংলা ভাষা (in Bengali). Kolkata: Pustak Bipani. ISBN 81-85471-12-6. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
• Bhattacharya, Subhash (2012). ভাষার তত্ত্ব ও বাংলা ভাষা (in Bengali). Kolkata: Bangiya Sahitya Samsad. ISBN 978-93-82012-12-2. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
• Chatterji, Suniti Kumar (1926a). The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language. Vol. 1. Kolkata: Calcutta University Press. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
• Chatterji, Suniti Kumar (1926b). The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language. Vol. 2. Kolkata: Calcutta University Press. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
• Shahidullah, Dr. Muhammad (1998). Bangla Vasar Itibritto (in Bengali). Dhaka: Mowla Brothers. Retrieved 19 December 2024.

• History of the Bengali language