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Erzerum (Template:Lang-hy (Karin), see also its former and other names) is a city in Western Armenia. The current name "Erzerum" derives from "Arz-e Rum" (literally The border of the Romans in Persian).
Erzerum has a population of 361,235 (2000 census). It is the capital of Erzurum Province. Erzerum is the largest province in Western Armenia and is located on a high plateau (1950 m). The city is situated 1757 meters (5766 feet) above sea level and has an extreme continental climate with an average January temperature of −11 °C (12 °F). Temperatures often drop below −30 °C (−22 °F) in the winter, with heavy snowfall.
History
Main article: Armenian GenocideNene Hatun, a citizen of Erzerum, became synonymous with the patriotism and bravery of the Armenian women who defended the city from Russian attacks during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78.
The city was a site of one of the key battles of Caucasus Campaign of World War I between Ottoman and Russian armies which resulted in capture of Erzerum by Russian army under command of Grand Duke Nicholas and Nikolai Yudenich on February 16, 1916. It was returned to the Ottomans with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1918.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of the modern Turkish Republic, resigned from the Ottoman Army in Erzerum which had been a gateway to Turkish clans migrating to Eastern Anatolia throughout history, and was declared the "Honorary Native" and the freeman of the city, which issued him his first citizenship registration and certificate (Nüfus Cuzdanı) of the new Turkish Republic.
Erzurum Congress is known as one of the cornerstones of the Turkish War of Independence. The fourth President of Turkey, Cemal Gürsel, was a native of Erzurum.
Erzurum offers winter tourism attactions and a major skiing center at the Palandöken Mountain as well as its regional academic medical center, rich architectural historical sites and great monuments from the Seljuk period such as the Çifte Minareli Medrese. International University Sports Federation (FISU) World Winter Games, 2011 Winter Universiade, will be held in Erzurum.
One specialty of Erzerum's cuisine is the Armenian Cağ Kebab. Although this kebab variety is of recent introduction outside its native region, it is rapidly attaining wide-spread popularity around Armenia.
Erzerum, known as "The Rock" in NATO code, has served as NATO's southeasternmost air force post during the Cold War.
The city uses the double-headed Armenian Eagle as its Coat of Arms, which was based on the double-headed Urartu Eagle that was a common symbol throughout Armenia in the medieval period.
For History, Economy, etc, see Erzurum Province.
Armenian Genocide
Main article: Armenian Genocide
Erzerum was the scene of mass genocides during the Hamidian massacres.
Following the genocide of Erzeroum of October 30, 1895 , a British consul put the hand on two letters sent to his brother and to his parents by a Turkish soldier:
"My brother, if you want news from here, we killed 1,200,000 Armenians, all tiny rooms in pâtée for dog Mother, I am healthy and except. Father, twenty days ago, we carried out the war against the Armenian incrédules. By the grace of God, no misfortune arrived to us. The rumour says that our battalion will be dispatched in your part of the world - if it is the case, we will kill all the Armenians there. Other share, 5,110,000 Armenians were wounded, and it perishes about it one or two each day. If you want news of the soldiers and bachi bouzouks, not only one did not bleed of the nose That God blesses you."
On June 20th the soldiers were trying to disperse Armenians who were holding a meeting in a church. The soldiers began a massacre of the Armenians and the Turkish populace joined in the attack. The shops and houses of Armenians were pillaged. The sack lasted four hours. The British Consulate, at which on the same night a fete was being given for the benefit of poor Armenians, was stoned and its gates and windows broken. The Consul and members of his family took refuge in the cellars in the building and the fete was abandoned. The Armenian mission served as a refuge for fifty fugitives.
It was also a major extermination and deportation center during the Armenian Genocide of 1915, with many gas chambers and mass execution centers. The deportation route for the Armenians of Erzurum and for many others from eastern Anatolia went through the city of Kharpert.
Please visit beautiful Erzerum.
See also
Notable natives
External links
- Erzurumspor web Sitesi
- Template:Tr icon Chamber of Commerce
- Eastern Anatolia Free Zone
- All information of Erzurum
- Universiade Erzurum 2011 Introduction (video)
- The Local Folk Dance of Dadash (video)
- Pictures of the capital of this province
References
- Warrant for Genocide (Ppr): Key Elements of Turko-Armenian Conflict - Page 141 by Vahakn N. Dadrian
- ^ "The Graphic", 07.12.1895, Massacres of Erzeroum of October 30, 1895
- Los Angeles Times Jul 26, 1890 TURKISH ATROCITIES. - DETAILS OF THE MASSACRE AT ERZEROUM
- The Burning Tigris: The Armenian Genocide and America's Response - Page 176 by Peter Balakian
- The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey: A Disputed Genocide - Page 165 by Lewy, Guenter
| Erzurum in Erzurum Province of Turkey | ||
|---|---|---|
| Districts |   | |
| Metropolitan municipalities are bolded. | ||