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Eastern Moldova is a term used at times when referring to the Republic of Moldova, in order to differentiate it from Western Moldova which is a Romanian region.
Eastern Moldova is also used to refer to the eastern territory of the old Principality of Moldova, which was annexed in 1812 by the Russian Empire together with Ottoman Bessarabia, a region that was until that time, part of the Ottoman Empire for 328 years. Ottoman Bessarabia corresponds mainly to what now is known as Bugeac and part of Ukraine).
Historical Eastern Moldova is roughly equal in territory to the present-day Republic of Moldova, minus Transnistria. The name Bessarabia, in the historical context is rather misleading since the Russian Empire applied that name not only to the previous region of Ottoman Bessarabia but to Eastern Moldova as well.