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List of Indian inventions and discoveries

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This list of Indian inventions and discoveries details the inventions, scientific discoveries and contributions made in the Republic of India since 1947. During recent times science and technology in the Republic of India has also focused on automobile engineering, information technology, communications as well as space, polar, and nuclear sciences.

Inventions

  • Same language subtitling: Same Language Subtitling (SLS) refers to the idea of subtitling in the same language as the audio, converse to the original idea of subtitling, which was to present a different language. This idea was struck upon by Brij Kothari, who believed that SLS makes reading practice an incidental, automatic, and subconscious part of popular TV entertainment, at a low per-person cost to shore up literacy rates in India. His idea was well received by the Government of India who now uses SLS on several national channels. For his idea, Kothari was adjudged a winner at the Development Marketplace— the World Bank’s Innovation Award which gave him enough funds to implement this programme nationally. The innovation has been recognised by the Institute for Social Inventions, UK and the Tech Museum of Innovations, San Jose, USA.
  • Simputer: The Simputer (acronym for "simple, inexpensive and multilingual people's computer") is a self-contained, open hardware handheld computer, designed for use in environments where computing devices such as personal computers are deemed inappropriate. It was developed in 1999 by 7 scientists of the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, led by Dr. Swami Manohar in collaboration with Encore India, a company based in Bangalore. Originally envisaged to bring internet to the masses of India, the Simputer and its derivatives are today widely utilized by governments of several Indian states as part of their e-governance drive, the Indian Army, as well as by other public and private organizations.

Discoveries

Mathematics

  • Basu's theorem: The Basu's theorem, a result of Debabrata Basu (1955) states that any complete sufficient statistic is independent of any ancillary statistic.

Science

Bengali Chemist Prafulla Chandra Roy synthesized NH4NO2 in its pure form.
A Ramachandran plot generated from the protein PCNA, a human DNA clamp protein that is composed of both beta sheets and alpha helices (PDB ID 1AXC). Points that lie on the axes indicate N- and C-terminal residues for each subunit. The green regions show possible angle formations that include Glycine, while the blue areas are for formations that don't include Glycine.
  • Ammonium nitrite, synthesis in pure form: Prafulla Chandra Roy managed to synthesize NH4NO2 in its pure form, and became the first scientist to have done so. Prior to Ray’s synthesis of Ammonium nitrite it was thought that the compound undergoes rapid thermal decomposition releasing nitrogen and water in the process.


  • Panini-Backus Form: Pāṇini's grammar rules have significant similarities to the Backus–Naur Form or BNF grammars used to describe modern programming languages, hence the notation is sometimes referred to as the Panini–Backus Form.
  • Ramachandran plot, Ramachandran map, and Ramachandran angles: The Ramachandran plot and Ramachandran map were developed by Gopalasamudram Narayana Iyer Ramachandran, who published his results in the Journal of Molecular Biology in 1963. He also developed the Ramachandran angles, which serve as a convenient tool for communication, representation, and various kinds of data analysis.

Footnotes

  1. ^ Brij Kothari from Ashoka.org. Retrieved February 10, 2009.
  2. ^ Biswas, Ranjita (2005). Hindi film songs can boost literacy rates in India from the Asian Film Foundation website. Retrieved February 10, 2009.
  3. Millar (2004), pages 167-169
  4. James (2003), page 41
  5. Express Computer (October 4, 2004). Play it again, Simputer. Retrieved February 17, 2009.
  6. Business Standard online (December 2, 2004). Simputer source code to be made public. Retrieved February 17, 2009.
  7. Crandall & Pomerance (2005), pages 200-201
  8. ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "AKS Primality Test". MathWorld.
  9. Crandall & Papadopoulos (2003), page 2
  10. Nitis (2000), page 325
  11. Boos & Oliver (1998)
  12. ^ "Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray", Viyan Prasar, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.
  13. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F. (February 2005), "Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
  14. ^ "Indian Scientists" (November 2004), Science Popularisation and Public Outreach Committee, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research.
  15. Sarkar (2006), page 94
  16. Prathap (2004), page 768
  17. ^ Ramakrishnan (2001)
  18. Ingerman (1967)
  19. Drewes (2006), page 4
  20. Rao, T. R. N. & Kak, Subhash (1998).Panini-backus form of languages
  21. Abdus Salam & Jogesh Pati (1974), Phys. Rev. D10: 275
  22. Pickering, Andrew (1984). Constructing Quarks: A Sociological History of Particle Physics. Illinois: University of Chicago Press. p. 384,385. ISBN 0226667995.
  23. Naresh (2005)

See also

References

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C

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D

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E

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F

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G

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H

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I

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J

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K

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T

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U

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V

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W

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