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Communipaw is a section of Jersey City, New Jersey west of Liberty State Park and east of Bergen Hill, and site of one the earliest European settlements in North America. It gives its name to the historic avenue which runs from its eastern end near LSP Station through the neighborhoods of Bergen-Lafayette and the West Side that then becomes the Lincoln Highway. Communipaw Junction, or simply, The Junction, is an intersection where Communipaw, Summit Avenue, Garfield Avenue, and Grand Street meet, and where the toll house for the Bergen Point Plank Road was situated. Communipaw Cove at Upper New York Bay, is part of the 36-acre (150,000 m) state nature preserve in the park and one of the few remaining tidal salt marshes in the Husdon River estuary.

Communipaw-Lafayette

Communipaw was part of Bergen City, New Jersey during its brief incarnation between 1855-1870 before merging with Jersey City, and was urbanized during the late half of the 19th century. Some streets of the neighborhood are part of the Communipaw-Lafayette Historic District. Lafayette Park is likely named for the Marquis de Lafayette, who was stationed in Bergen in 1799, and later re-visited in 1824 A city square similar to Van Vorst Park and Hamilton Park the buildings surrounding it were constructed in different periods. Whitlock Cordage is an intact complex of industrial buildings built in the Lafayette section along the long ago filled Morris Canal. The Housing Trust of America purchased the property to preserve the structures as affordable housing. The section near Johnston Avenue was the site of stop on the Underground Railroad and African-American burial ground. Ficken's Warehouse, once site of Bergen City's main post office, is on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hudson County, New Jersey.

History

Map (c1639) Manhattan situated on the North Rivier with numbered key showing settlements: 27. Farm of Van Vorst; 28. v [sic): 29. Farm of Evertsen; 30. Plantation at Lacher's Hook; 31. Plantation at Paulus Hook; 32. Plantation of Maerytensen.
New Netherland series
Exploration
Fortifications:
Settlements:
The Patroon System
People of New Netherland
Flushing Remonstrance
A black, circular seal with a notched, outer border. The center contains a shield or crest with a crown atop it. In the shield is a beaver. Surrounding the shield are the words "SIGILLVM NOVI BELGII".
Modern map showing the situation in 1910, with the village on the cove surrounded by rail-infrastructure.

Lenape

At the time of European settlement in the 17th century Communipaw was the site of the summer encampament and counsel fire of the Hackensack Indians. a phratry of the Lenape. They, along with the Raritan, Tappan, Wecquaesgeek, Canarsee and other groups who circulated in the region were collectively known as the River Indians by the immigrating population.

It is likely that the name is based in the Algonquian language Lenape. Earlier spellings are numerous and have included Gamoenapa,Gemonepan, Gemoenepaen, Gamenepaw, Comounepaw, Comounepan Communipau, Goneuipan There are a variety of interpretations of the meaning, though most sources relate it to as being from gamunk, on the other side of the river, and pe-auke, water-land, meaning big landing-place from the other side of the river. (Current: gamuck meaning other side of the water or otherside of the river or landing place at the side of a river ).

New Netherland

Henry Hudson, commissioned by the Dutch East India Company, anchored along the shore at Communipaw in 1609 during his explorations of the Upper New York Bay, North River (Hudson River) and Hudson Valley. On September 12 he sailed up to Communipaw, where Robert Juet, his mate, wrote in the log that it was "...a very good land to fall in with, and a pleasant land to see." The New Netherland Company maintained a factorij, or trading post there during the 1610s. In 1634 one of the first "bouweries", or homesteads, in the colony of New Netherland was built at Communipaw as part of Pavonia, a patroonship of Amsterdam businessman Micheal Pauw. (Some have suggested that the name comes from Community of Pauw, which likely is more a coincidence than a fact.) For a time it bore the name of the Dutchman who settled there, Jan Everts Bout., and was called Jan de Lacher's Hoeck., or Jan the Laugher's Point, apparently in reference to his boisterous character. Plantations, worked by enslaved Africans, spread across the low-lying areas between the shoreline and the hill. It was here that Tappan and Wecquaesgeek fleeing dominant tribes from the north had taken refuge in 1643. They were attacked in the incident known as the Pavonia Massacre, subsequently leading to Kieft's War.

Originally, the village of Communipaw was part of the colony belonging to the Dutch West India Company. In 1652, became part of the Commonality of New Amsterdam, (which included all the settlements at Pavonia, Manhattan, Staten Island, and Long Island), a separate village in 1658, under the jurisdiction of the Bergen, established at contemporary Bergen Square. By 1669, regulated ferry service to New Amsterdam was established. After the last British take-over of New Netherland in 1674 it became part of the Province of New Jersey, in the county of Bergen, though it retained its Dutch character for hundreds of years. Washington Irving visited it often (at least once with future US president Martin van Buren) for inspiration. Writing in the early 19th century, he often referred to Communipaw as being the stronghold of traditional Dutch culture. John Quidor, an American Romantic painter created works inspired the village: Embarkation from Communipaw and The Voyage from Communipaw to Hell Gate. Suydam Street, which can translate as south dam runs for one block south of Communipaw Avenue is taken early Dutch family, whose descendent, Rev. J. Howard Suydam, D.D,, was member and historian of the Holland Society of New York.

CRRNJ

Communipaw Terminal at Liberty State Park

Originally, the waters of the Upper New York Bay facing the village (situated near the site of today's Liberty Science Center) hosted vast oyster beds that were harvested well into the 19th century. As it was industrialized, first with the construction of ports and later with rail infrastructure, the shoreline was expanded with landfill, notably by the Lehigh Valley Railroad and the Central Railroad of New Jersey. Communipaw Terminal, officially known as the Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal, was the waterfront terminus. The monument, along with the Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island recalls the period of massive emigration to the United States. The cove just to the south of the station is sometimes still called Communipaw Cove. The railroad also maintained a Communipaw Station in the neighborhood farther inland along the right of way now used by the Hudson Bergen Light Rail. Johnston Avenue is named for an early president of the company.

Transportation

County Route 612 markerCounty Route 612
Communipaw Avenue
Route information
Length1.94 mi (3.12 km)
Major junctions
East endLiberty State Park (HBLR station)
Major intersections CR 501
West end NJ 440
Location
CountryUnited States
StateNew Jersey
CountyHudson
Highway system
← CR 611→ CR 613

Buses traveling southbound through The Junction are the R&T 4, NJT 4, NJT 81 through Greenville to Curries Woods, with the 81 continuing to Bayonne. On some trips on the NJT6 alternates it routes along the Lafayette Loop. Northbound the NJT6 travels to Journal Square, while the R&T4 and the NJT81 travel through Downtown Jersey City to Exchange Place. The nearest stations of the Hudson Bergen Light Rail are located along the southern periphery of the neighborhood at Garfield Avenue in Claremont and at LSP.

See also

References

  1. · HC areas map
  2. Map
  3. NJ State Register of Historic Places in Hudson County
  4. Battle with British
  5. Aplple Tree House
  6. Harriet Phillips Eaton, Jersey City And Its Historic Sites, 1899:
  7. Grundy, J. Owen (1975). The History of Jersey City (1609 - 1976). Jersey City: Walter E. Knight. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |co-publisher= ignored (help)
  8. "Jersey City History: The Whitlock Cordage". The Jersey City Landmarks Conservancy. 2007. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  10. JC Online
  11. Underground Railroad in JC
  12. ^ Ruttenber,E.M.,Indian Tribes of Hudson's River, ISBN 0-910746-98-2 (Hope Farm Press, 3rd ed, 2001)
  13. ^ Joan F. Doherty, Hudson County The Left Bank, ISBN 0-89781-172-0 (Windsor Publications, Inc., 1986)
  14. New Jersey Colonial Records, East Jersey Records: Part 1-Volume 21, Calender of Records 1664-1702
  15. http://www.cityofjerseycity.org/oldberg/chapter15.shtml
  16. www.nj.gov/state/darm/links/pdf/pasevensettledtowns.pdf
  17. http://www.archive.org/stream/fourchaptersofpa00shri/fourchaptersofpa00shri_djvu.txt
  18. The Lenape/English Dictionary http://www.gilwell.com/lenape
  19. http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~njmorris/general_info/indian.htm
  20. http://www.jerseycityonline.com/jc_history.htm
  21. JC Online]
  22. McKinley, Albert E. (October 1900). "The English and Dutch Towns of New Netherland". American Historical Review. 6: 1–18. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  23. http://members.home.nl/pushkar/oranje11.html#1626
  24. http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/m/y/e/Ron-C-Myers/GENE31-0099.html
  25. Gannett, Ganett, Henry, The Origin of Certain Place Names in The United States
  26. Writers' Program (U.S.) New Jersey. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names Trenton , NJ, New Jersey Public Library Commission, 1945. ... www.njstatelib.org/NJ_Information/Digital_Collections/Digidox7.php
  27. Jan Evertsen Bout at Pavonia
  28. Communipaw
  29. Hodges, Graham Rusell (1999). "Free People and Slaves, 1613-1664". Dutch New York:Roots and Branch:African Americans in New York and East Jersey. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 9. ISBN 0-8078-4778-X. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |co-publisher= (help)
  30. http://www.greenapple.com/~cshart/ROOTVIEW/HTML/i0770nt.htm
  31. Russell Shorto (2004). The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony that Shaped America. Random House. ISBN 1-4000-7867-9.
  32. http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nycoloni/annals.html
  33. jerseycityonline.com/jc_history.htm JC History
  34. http://www.gutenberg.lib.md.us/2/3/2/5/23258/23258-h/23258-h.htm#Page_82
  35. Adams, Arthur G., The Hudson Through the Years, Fordham University Place, ISBN 9780823216765
  36. http://books.google.nl/books?id=rxPcnAAegXMC&pg=PA272&dq=Perth+Amboy+Ferry&hl=nl&ei=1ikjTvHGM4OYOoWppfEO&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Perth%20Amboy%20Ferry&f=false
  37. http://en.wikisource.org/Knickerbocker%27s_History_of_New_York/Book_II/Chapter_II
  38. Vookles, Laura (2009). Dutch New York The Roots of Hudson Valley Culture. Yonkers, New York: Hudson River Museum. pp. 275, 279. ISBN 978-0-8232-3039-6. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  39. Kurlansky, Mark, The Big Oyster, ISBN 978-0-345-47639-5, Random House Trade paerpbacks, New York, 2006
  40. List of stations on the Central Railroad of New Jersey. (2009, August 14). In Misplaced Pages, The 💕. Retrieved 12:31, November 21, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/search/?title=List_of_stations_on_the_Central_Railroad_of_New_Jersey&oldid=307851840
  41. "Hudson County 612 straight line diagram" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2009-08-15.
  42. Route 4 schedule
  43. NJT bus 6 schedule
  44. NJT 81 schedule

External links

Neighborhoods in Jersey City, New Jersey
Bergen-Lafayette
Downtown
Greenville
The Heights
Journal Square
Meadowlands
Upper New York Bay
West Side
Historical
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