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Kil'ayim (Hebrew: כִּלְאַיִם, lit. "Mixture" or "Confusion") is the fourth tractate of Seder Zeraim ("Order of Seeds") of the Mishnah and of the Talmud. There is both a Mishnah Kil'ayim (m. Kil.) and a Tractate Kil'ayim (t. Kil.). Kil'ayim deals with the laws of various forbidden production and uses of mixtures, as provided in Leviticus 19:19 and Deuteronomy 22:9-11. Specifically, it discusses planting mixtures of seeds, grafting, mixtures of vineyards, crossbreeding animals, working with a team of different kinds of animals, and shaatnez (clothes containing a mixture of linen and wool). There is a Gemara from the Jerusalem Talmud.

Subject matter

This tractate concerns the laws regarding various types of mixtures of agricultural products that are forbidden according to the Torah, in accordance with Lev. 19:9 and Deuteronomy 22:9–11. Specifically, the Mishnah deals with the exact definition of the following categories of prohibitions:

• planting different kinds of seeds together
• grafting trees of different types
• planting grain, vegetables or herbs in a vineyard
• cross-breeding different species of animals
• ploughing or doing other work with two different kinds of animal teamed together
• mixing wool and linen threads in garments

The types of seeds determined to be included within this category are the five species of grain of the Land of Israel, (wheat, barley, oats, rye and spelt), legumes, and greens whose roots or stalks are consumed by humans. Since the vineyard is particularly specified in the Deuteronomy passage, it is treated specifically. The prohibitions concern domestic animals; wild animals and birds are not mentioned in this tractate, but the Mishnah in Bava Kamma (5, 7) notes these cases.

The laws are derived from a relatively straightforward reading of the Torah, and the details discussed in the tractate are deduced through logic, analogies with other areas of law, or by application of the general rules to specific objects and situations.

References

1.  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Kil'ayim". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
2. ^ Wald, Stephen (2007). "Kilayim". In Skolnik, Fred (ed.). Encyclopedia Judaica (2nd ed.). Detroit, MI.: Macmillan Reference. ISBN 978-002-865-928-2.
3. ^ Israelstam, I. (1948). "Kil'ayim". In Epstein, I. (ed.). The Talmud. Vol. Zeraim vol. II. London: The Soncino Press. pp. 87–88. ISBN 9789562913447. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)

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