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Revision as of 15:38, 10 January 2012 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,045 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 466277645 of page VG_(nerve_agent) for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'CASNo').  Latest revision as of 15:17, 1 April 2023 edit InternetArchiveBot (talk | contribs)Bots, Pending changes reviewers5,388,214 edits Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.3) (Whoop whoop pull up - 13030 
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{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}}
{{chembox {{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 443856277 | verifiedrevid = 470627395
| Name = VG (nerve agent) | Name = VG
| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}} | ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageFile = VG-2D-skeletal.png | ImageFile = VG-2D-skeletal.png
| ImageName = Skeletal formula of VG | ImageName = Skeletal formula of VG
| ImageFile1 = VG-3D-balls.png | ImageFile1 = VG-3D-balls.png
| ImageName1 = Ball-and-stick model of VG | ImageName1 = Ball-and-stick model of VG
| IUPACName = ''O'',''O''-Diethyl ''S''- phosphorothioate | PIN = ''S''- ''O'',''O''-diethyl phosphorothioate
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 6294 | ChemSpiderID = 6294
| InChI = 1/C10H24NO3PS/c1-5-11(6-2)9-10-16-15(12,13-7-3)14-8-4/h5-10H2,1-4H3 | InChI = 1/C10H24NO3PS/c1-5-11(6-2)9-10-16-15(12,13-7-3)14-8-4/h5-10H2,1-4H3
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = PJISLFCKHOHLLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N | StdInChIKey = PJISLFCKHOHLLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: 78-53-5 --> | CASNo = 78-53-5
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
⚫ | SMILES = O=P(OCC)(OCC)SCCN(CC)CC
| PubChem = 6542 | UNII = 7SD1SH009V
⚫ | SMILES = O=P(OCC)(OCC)SCCN(CC)CC
| PubChem = 6542


}} }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |Section2={{Chembox Properties
|C=10|H=24|N=1|O=3|P=1|S=1 | C=10 | H=24 | N=1 | O=3 | P=1 | S=1
| Density = | Density =
| MeltingPt = | MeltingPt =
| BoilingPt = 110&nbsp;°C @ 0.2 mmHg | BoilingPtC = 110
| VaporPressure = 0.01 mmHg @ 80&nbsp;°C | BoilingPt_notes = at 0.2 mmHg
| VaporPressure = 0.01 mmHg at 80&nbsp;°C
⚫ }}
⚫ | Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
⚫ | NFPA-H = 4
⚫ | NFPA-F = 2
⚫ | NFPA-R = 1
⚫ | FlashPt =
}} }}
⚫ |Section7={{Chembox Hazards
⚫ | NFPA-H = 4
⚫ | NFPA-F = 2
⚫ | NFPA-R = 1
⚫ | FlashPt =
⚫ }}
}} }}

'''VG''' (] name: '''''O'',''O''-diethyl ''S''- phosphorothioate''') (also called '''Amiton''' or '''Tetram''') is a "V-series" ] chemically similar to the better-known ]. Tetram is the common Russian name for the substance. Amiton was the trade name for the substance when it was marketed as an ] by ] in the mid-1950s.

==Chemical==
With a toxicity of about 1/10 that of ], i.e. similar to that of ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dfat.gov.au/cwco/download/table2_summary_schedules_relevance_cw_amended.pdf|access-date=2006-10-07|title=Summary of CWC-Schedules and their Relevance to Chemical Warfare|work=Australia's National Authority for the Chemical Weapons Convention|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504171002/http://www.dfat.gov.au/cwco/download/table2_summary_schedules_relevance_cw_amended.pdf|archive-date=2013-05-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> it is now considered too dangerous for use in agriculture<ref>
{{cite web | url = http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1572/MR1572.pdf | title= Toxic Warfare | publisher = RAND |author = Theodore Karasik | access-date = 2006-10-07}}</ref> but unlike other nerve agents it is classified under ] of the ] rather than the more restrictive ]. It is thought that ] may have military stockpiles of this chemical
.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/NK/Chemical/50_1068.html | title= North Korea Profile Chemical Agents VG (Amiton, Tetram) | work = Nuclear Threat Initiative | access-date=2006-10-07}}
</ref>

During the early 1950s at least three chemical companies working on organo-phosphorus insecticides independently discovered the severe toxicity of these chemicals.<ref name="opcw-nerve">{{cite web | url = http://www.opcw.org/resp/html/nerve.html | title = Nerve Agents - Lethal organo-phosphorus compounds inhibiting cholinesterase | work = Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons website | access-date = 2006-10-07 | archive-date = 2008-09-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080927171513/http://www.opcw.org/resp/html/nerve.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> In 1952, Dr. Ranajit Ghosh, a chemist working for ] at their Plant Protection Laboratories at ] was investigating the potential of organophosphate esters of substituted aminoethanethiols for use as pesticides. Like the earlier German investigators of organophosphates in the late 1930s who had discovered the ] nerve agents, Dr. Ghosh discovered that their action on ] made them effective pesticides. One of them, Amiton, was described in a 1955 paper by Ghosh and another chemist, J. F. Newman, as being particularly effective against ]s.<ref name="opcw-nerve"/> It was brought to market as an insecticide by the company in 1954 but was subsequently withdrawn as too toxic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbwinfo.com/Chemical/Nerve/nervgen.shtml|work=The site for information about chemical and biological weapons for emergency, safety and security personnel|title=Nerve Agents: General|access-date=2006-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061012005912/http://www.cbwinfo.com/Chemical/Nerve/nervgen.shtml|archive-date=2006-10-12|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=JH50>{{Cite book |title=Jealott's Hill: Fifty years of Agricultural Research 1928-1978 |editor-first=F.C. |editor-last1=Peacock |last=Calderbank |first=Alan |chapter=Chapter 6: Organophosphorus Insecticides |pages=–51 |publisher=Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. |year=1978 |isbn=0901747017 |url=https://archive.org/details/jealottshillfift0000peac |url-access=registration }}</ref>

The toxicity of these substances had not passed unnoticed by the ], as some of the compounds had already been sent to their research facility at ] for evaluation. Some of the chemicals from this class of compounds formed a new group of nerve agents called ]. The British Government unilaterally renounced chemical and biological weapons in 1956, although in 1958 traded their research on VG technology with the ] in exchange for information on ].{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}} The US then went into production of large amounts of the chemically similar, but much more toxic VX in 1961.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mitretek.org/AShortHistoryOfTheDevelopmentOfNerveGases.htm |access-date=2006-10-07 |title=A Short History of the Development of Nerve Gases |work=Mitrek Systems |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061112085443/http://www.mitretek.org/AShortHistoryOfTheDevelopmentOfNerveGases.htm |archive-date=November 12, 2006 }}</ref>

It is classified as an ] in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. ] (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.<ref name="gov-right-know">{{Cite journal | publisher = ] | title = 40 C.F.R.: Appendix A to Part 355—The List of Extremely Hazardous Substances and Their Threshold Planning Quantities | url = http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2008/julqtr/pdf/40cfr355AppA.pdf | edition = July 1, 2008 | access-date = October 29, 2011 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Chemical warfare}}
{{Acetylcholine metabolism and transport modulators}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vg (Nerve Agent)}}

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