Main article: 1888 United States presidential election
The 1888 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the wider United States presidential election. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College , who voted for president and vice president .
Following Reconstruction, Georgia would be the first former Confederate state to substantially disenfranchise its newly enfranchised freedmen and many poor whites , doing so in the early 1870s. This largely limited the Republican Party to a few North Georgia counties with substantial Civil War Unionist sentiment – chiefly Fannin but also to a lesser extent Pickens , Gilmer and Towns – and in presidential elections to a small number of counties where blacks were not fully disenfranchised. The Democratic Party served as the guardian of white supremacy against a Republican Party historically associated with memories of Reconstruction , and the main competition became Democratic primaries , which were restricted to whites on the grounds of the Democratic Party being legally a private club. This restriction was done by local county laws, but combined with the highly efficacious cumulative poll tax introduced in 1877 meant that turnout declined steadily throughout the 1880s, unlike any other former Confederate state except South Carolina.
Despite economic problems in the mountain counties due to deflation produced by the gold standard and large-scale government spending reductions by the “Redeemer ” Democrats, voter turnout, especially for opposition parties, would maintain its poll tax-driven decline until the Populist movement , which did not affect the 1888 election. Consequently, Cleveland would gain five percent on his 1884 percentage in Georgia as opposition turnout fell by one-seventh.
Results
Results by county
County
Stephen Grover Cleveland Democratic
Benjamin Harrison Republican
Clinton Bowen Fisk Prohibition
Margin
Total votes cast
#
%
#
%
#
%
#
%
Appling
531
70.33%
219
29.01%
5
0.66%
312
41.32%
755
Baker
346
88.95%
43
11.05%
0
0.00%
303
77.89%
389
Baldwin
403
59.18%
271
39.79%
7
1.03%
132
19.38%
681
Banks
807
78.27%
210
20.37%
14
1.36%
597
57.90%
1,031
Bartow
916
71.01%
290
22.48%
84
6.51%
626
48.53%
1,290
Berrien
721
97.96%
11
1.49%
4
0.54%
710
96.47%
736
Bibb
2,215
64.11%
1,121
32.45%
119
3.44%
1,094
31.66%
3,455
Brooks
828
58.27%
580
40.82%
13
0.91%
248
17.45%
1,421
Bryan
214
94.27%
12
5.29%
1
0.44%
202
88.99%
227
Bulloch
1,061
96.02%
42
3.80%
2
0.18%
1,019
92.22%
1,105
Burke
684
73.39%
248
26.61%
0
0.00%
436
46.78%
932
Butts
603
68.91%
245
28.00%
27
3.09%
358
40.91%
875
Calhoun
451
100.00%
0
0.00%
0
0.00%
451
100.00%
451
Camden
188
36.86%
317
62.16%
5
0.98%
-129
-25.29%
510
Campbell
778
70.73%
321
29.18%
1
0.09%
457
41.55%
1,100
Carroll
1,710
80.89%
349
16.51%
55
2.60%
1,361
64.38%
2,114
Catoosa
428
77.12%
106
19.10%
21
3.78%
322
58.02%
555
Charlton
113
65.32%
58
33.53%
2
1.16%
55
31.79%
173
Chatham
3,920
73.52%
1,355
25.41%
57
1.07%
2,565
48.11%
5,332
Chattahoochee
145
86.83%
22
13.17%
0
0.00%
123
73.65%
167
Chattooga
638
77.80%
180
21.95%
2
0.24%
458
55.85%
820
Cherokee
1,575
76.72%
459
22.36%
19
0.93%
1,116
54.36%
2,053
Clarke
801
54.60%
660
44.99%
6
0.41%
141
9.61%
1,467
Clay
554
65.80%
287
34.09%
1
0.12%
267
31.71%
842
Clayton
604
72.95%
224
27.05%
0
0.00%
380
45.89%
828
Clinch
435
78.52%
115
20.76%
4
0.72%
320
57.76%
554
Cobb
1,143
73.18%
391
25.03%
28
1.79%
752
48.14%
1,562
Coffee
294
72.06%
110
26.96%
4
0.98%
184
45.10%
408
Colquitt
255
97.70%
4
1.53%
2
0.77%
251
96.17%
261
Columbia
397
98.51%
0
0.00%
6
1.49%
391
97.02%
403
Coweta
1,476
59.71%
990
40.05%
6
0.24%
486
19.66%
2,472
Crawford
442
94.24%
26
5.54%
1
0.21%
416
88.70%
469
Dade
465
83.48%
89
15.98%
3
0.54%
376
67.50%
557
Dawson
513
59.38%
340
39.35%
11
1.27%
173
20.02%
864
DeKalb
1,021
75.80%
313
23.24%
13
0.97%
708
52.56%
1,347
Decatur
1,287
72.75%
482
27.25%
0
0.00%
805
45.51%
1,769
Dodge
496
54.27%
406
44.42%
12
1.31%
90
9.85%
914
Dooly
787
67.04%
386
32.88%
1
0.09%
401
34.16%
1,174
Dougherty
815
78.21%
222
21.31%
5
0.48%
593
56.91%
1,042
Douglas
493
76.08%
151
23.30%
4
0.62%
342
52.78%
648
Early
467
61.85%
288
38.15%
0
0.00%
179
23.71%
755
Echols
150
75.76%
43
21.72%
5
2.53%
107
54.04%
198
Effingham
362
64.07%
189
33.45%
14
2.48%
173
30.62%
565
Elbert
774
95.67%
11
1.36%
24
2.97%
750
92.71%
809
Emanuel
658
95.50%
30
4.35%
1
0.15%
628
91.15%
689
Fannin
374
34.89%
692
64.55%
6
0.56%
-318
-29.66%
1,072
Fayette
690
77.09%
204
22.79%
1
0.11%
486
54.30%
895
Floyd
1,145
65.50%
585
33.47%
18
1.03%
560
32.04%
1,748
Forsyth
1,579
87.72%
209
11.61%
12
0.67%
1,370
76.11%
1,800
Franklin
606
79.84%
121
15.94%
32
4.22%
485
63.90%
759
Fulton
2,750
53.43%
2,164
42.04%
233
4.53%
586
11.39%
5,147
Gilmer
556
49.60%
543
48.44%
22
1.96%
13
1.16%
1,121
Glascock
290
86.57%
45
13.43%
0
0.00%
245
73.13%
335
Glynn
601
49.59%
582
48.02%
29
2.39%
19
1.57%
1,212
Gordon
852
84.61%
119
11.82%
36
3.57%
733
72.79%
1,007
Greene
803
52.38%
714
46.58%
16
1.04%
89
5.81%
1,533
Gwinnett
2,004
90.56%
186
8.40%
23
1.04%
1,818
82.15%
2,213
Habersham
830
80.82%
188
18.31%
9
0.88%
642
62.51%
1,027
Hall
2,170
87.29%
274
11.02%
42
1.69%
1,896
76.27%
2,486
Hancock
596
77.00%
177
22.87%
1
0.13%
419
54.13%
774
Haralson
493
82.86%
93
15.63%
9
1.51%
400
67.23%
595
Harris
1,020
61.22%
633
38.00%
13
0.78%
387
23.23%
1,666
Hart
674
86.97%
80
10.32%
21
2.71%
594
76.65%
775
Heard
629
76.43%
188
22.84%
6
0.73%
441
53.58%
823
Henry
1,136
67.90%
512
30.60%
25
1.49%
624
37.30%
1,673
Houston
949
66.93%
466
32.86%
3
0.21%
483
34.06%
1,418
Irwin
245
88.77%
31
11.23%
0
0.00%
214
77.54%
276
Jackson
2,180
80.80%
506
18.75%
12
0.44%
1,674
62.05%
2,698
Jasper
588
76.86%
177
23.14%
0
0.00%
411
53.73%
765
Jefferson
816
85.80%
130
13.67%
5
0.53%
686
72.13%
951
Johnson
379
73.45%
124
24.03%
13
2.52%
255
49.42%
516
Jones
531
54.41%
443
45.39%
2
0.20%
88
9.02%
976
Laurens
839
78.41%
222
20.75%
9
0.84%
617
57.66%
1,070
Lee
178
30.48%
405
69.35%
1
0.17%
-227
-38.87%
584
Liberty
477
39.75%
708
59.00%
15
1.25%
-231
-19.25%
1,200
Lincoln
446
99.78%
0
0.00%
1
0.22%
445
99.55%
447
Lowndes
767
53.75%
643
45.06%
17
1.19%
124
8.69%
1,427
Lumpkin
440
57.14%
317
41.17%
13
1.69%
123
15.97%
770
Macon
683
68.03%
320
31.87%
1
0.10%
363
36.16%
1,004
Madison
583
80.19%
144
19.81%
0
0.00%
439
60.39%
727
Marion
543
85.11%
94
14.73%
1
0.16%
449
70.38%
638
McDuffie
389
99.23%
3
0.77%
0
0.00%
386
98.47%
392
McIntosh
192
22.20%
673
77.80%
0
0.00%
-481
-55.61%
865
Meriwether
991
68.16%
452
31.09%
11
0.76%
539
37.07%
1,454
Miller
170
94.97%
9
5.03%
0
0.00%
161
89.94%
179
Milton
895
93.42%
56
5.85%
7
0.73%
839
87.58%
958
Mitchell
650
59.96%
433
39.94%
1
0.09%
217
20.02%
1,084
Monroe
1,420
75.25%
466
24.70%
1
0.05%
954
50.56%
1,887
Montgomery
480
71.54%
178
26.53%
13
1.94%
302
45.01%
671
Morgan
506
70.28%
210
29.17%
4
0.56%
296
41.11%
720
Murray
524
71.00%
199
26.96%
15
2.03%
325
44.04%
738
Muscogee
1,107
63.84%
611
35.24%
16
0.92%
496
28.60%
1,734
Newton
788
64.64%
398
32.65%
33
2.71%
390
31.99%
1,219
Oconee
380
70.76%
156
29.05%
1
0.19%
224
41.71%
537
Oglethorpe
550
98.92%
4
0.72%
2
0.36%
546
98.20%
556
Paulding
592
75.41%
185
23.57%
8
1.02%
407
51.85%
785
Pickens
368
31.78%
788
68.05%
2
0.17%
-420
-36.27%
1,158
Pierce
366
64.66%
198
34.98%
2
0.35%
168
29.68%
566
Pike
1,030
64.82%
514
32.35%
45
2.83%
516
32.47%
1,589
Polk
587
55.17%
450
42.29%
27
2.54%
137
12.88%
1,064
Pulaski
1,107
78.68%
298
21.18%
2
0.14%
809
57.50%
1,407
Putnam
511
99.80%
0
0.00%
1
0.20%
510
99.61%
512
Quitman
327
72.67%
122
27.11%
1
0.22%
205
45.56%
450
Rabun
386
88.13%
43
9.82%
9
2.05%
343
78.31%
438
Randolph
594
63.19%
327
34.79%
19
2.02%
267
28.40%
940
Richmond
808
85.14%
113
11.91%
28
2.95%
695
73.23%
949
Rockdale
568
66.51%
280
32.79%
6
0.70%
288
33.72%
854
Schley
355
60.37%
233
39.63%
0
0.00%
122
20.75%
588
Screven
1,161
82.40%
243
17.25%
5
0.35%
918
65.15%
1,409
Spalding
1,039
68.94%
448
29.73%
20
1.33%
591
39.22%
1,507
Stewart
662
82.54%
139
17.33%
1
0.12%
523
65.21%
802
Sumter
940
58.93%
652
40.88%
3
0.19%
288
18.06%
1,595
Talbot
575
59.34%
389
40.14%
5
0.52%
186
19.20%
969
Taliaferro
391
65.71%
200
33.61%
4
0.67%
191
32.10%
595
Tattnall
534
83.70%
102
15.99%
2
0.31%
432
67.71%
638
Taylor
559
80.32%
123
17.67%
14
2.01%
436
62.64%
696
Telfair
493
64.95%
234
30.83%
32
4.22%
259
34.12%
759
Terrell
673
74.61%
228
25.28%
1
0.11%
445
49.33%
902
Thomas
1,465
63.15%
838
36.12%
17
0.73%
627
27.03%
2,320
Towns
275
49.64%
277
50.00%
2
0.36%
-2
-0.36%
554
Troup
1,242
73.75%
435
25.83%
7
0.42%
807
47.92%
1,684
Twiggs
299
65.00%
157
34.13%
4
0.87%
142
30.87%
460
Union
547
55.36%
440
44.53%
1
0.10%
107
10.83%
988
Upson
977
73.85%
345
26.08%
1
0.08%
632
47.77%
1,323
Walker
718
72.53%
260
26.26%
12
1.21%
458
46.26%
990
Walton
767
74.98%
235
22.97%
21
2.05%
532
52.00%
1,023
Ware
369
64.51%
186
32.52%
17
2.97%
183
31.99%
572
Warren
545
84.10%
100
15.43%
3
0.46%
445
68.67%
648
Washington
1,351
69.78%
572
29.55%
13
0.67%
779
40.24%
1,936
Wayne
317
67.88%
137
29.34%
13
2.78%
180
38.54%
467
Webster
290
56.42%
224
43.58%
0
0.00%
66
12.84%
514
White
494
77.31%
139
21.75%
6
0.94%
355
55.56%
639
Whitfield
837
63.41%
421
31.89%
62
4.70%
416
31.52%
1,320
Wilcox
357
82.45%
73
16.86%
3
0.69%
284
65.59%
433
Wilkes
683
97.85%
0
0.00%
15
2.15%
668
95.70%
698
Wilkinson
339
82.48%
69
16.79%
3
0.73%
270
65.69%
411
Worth
547
72.26%
179
23.65%
31
4.10%
368
48.61%
757
Totals
100,493
70.37%
40,499
28.36%
1,808
1.27%
59,994
42.01%
142,800
References
Mickey, Robert W.; Paths Out of Dixie: The Democratization of Authoritarian Enclaves in America's Deep South, 1944-1972 , p. 76 ISBN 1400838789
Phillips, Kevin P. ; The Emerging Republican Majority , pp. 208, 210 ISBN 9780691163246
Springer, Melanie Jean; How the States Shaped the Nation: American Electoral Institutions and Voter Turnout, 1920-2000 , p. 155 ISBN 022611435X
Kousser, J. Morgan; The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1880-1910 , p. 213 ISBN 0-300-01973-4
Kousser; The Shaping of Southern Politics , pp. 17-18
"1888 Presidential General Election Results – Georgia" . Dave Leip’s U.S. Election Atlas.
^ Géoelections; Presidential election of 1888 Popular Vote (.xlsx file for €15)
Géoelections; Popular Vote for Clinton Fisk (.xlsx file for €15)
Notes
These Streeter votes were not separated by county but given only as a state-wide total.
^ In this county where Fisk ran second ahead of Harrison, margin given is Cleveland vote minus Fisk vote and percentage margin Cleveland percentage minus Fisk percentage.
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