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2018 Carr Fire tornado

The tornado at around its peak intensity near Redding, California.
Meteorological history
Formed	July 28, 2018, ~7:30 p.m. CST (UTC–06:00)
Dissipated	July 28, 2018, 8:00 p.m. CST (UTC–06:00)
Duration	~30 minutes
EF3-equivalent tornado
Highest winds	143 mph (230 km/h)
Overall effects
Fatalities	>3 (exact number unknown)
Injuries	5
Areas affected	Redding, California
Part of the Carr Fire and Tornadoes of 2018

In the evening hours of July 26, 2018, a large fire tornado formed inside of the Carr Fire. The fire tornado, which had peak windspeeds of 143 miles per hour (230 km/h), killed at least three people and injured five others while on the ground for approximately thirty minutes. The fire tornado was the most powerful in California history, and was the deadliest fire tornado to ever form as part of a larger event. In addition, the fire tornado was the second ever to be recorded, after one that occurred in the 2003 Canberra bushfires. The tornado trapped several bulldozer operators in their vehicles, resulting in the death of Jeremy Stoke, 37, a bulldozer operator who was killed as the fire tornado tracked over him. Don Smith was also killed by the fire under unknown circumstances.

Background

The Carr Fire was reported on the afternoon of July 23, 2018, at the intersection of Highway 299 and Carr Powerhouse Road, in the Whiskeytown district of the Whiskeytown–Shasta–Trinity National Recreation Area, in Shasta County, California, near French Gulch. The fire was believed to have been started accidentally by a vehicle towing a dual-axle travel trailer. One of the tires on the trailer blew out, causing the steel rim to scrape along the pavement, generating sparks that ignited dry vegetation along the edge of the highway. Wind caused the fire to spread quickly. Hot conditions and steep, inaccessible terrain presented challenges for fire crews as they strengthened containment lines. Highway 299 was closed and French Gulch was placed under mandatory evacuation.

Tornado summary

The fire whirl developed within the Carr Fire in Redding, California, on July 26. The fire tornado was first seen developing north of Land Park, and began to fill the sky with embers as it rapidly intensified. Several firefighters who were caught in the tornado ran and took refuge on Sutro Mine Road as the tornado passed over. Shortly after touching down, the tornado impacted a group of bulldozers that were sitting on Buenaventura Boulevard; every dozer and another car were burnt out and were rendered destroyed as a result. A driver of a California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CALFIRE) truck would say that as the tornado moved past his location, every windshield in the vehicle shattered and the truck was battered with large rocks and other debris carried by the fire tornado. A person who was attempting to enter another pickup truck nearby sustained severe burns as a result of the heat.

Remaining on the ground from 7:30–8:00 p.m., the fire whirl reached an estimated height of 18,000 ft (5,500 m) and caused extensive tornado-like damage while spreading the fire. The winds toppled transmission towers, shredded foliage, and debarked and uprooted trees. The smoke plume from the whirl dominated the site of the wildfire. Substantial damage occurred in areas untouched by fire, including signs of ground scouring. Three people were reportedly killed inside their Redding home after the structure's walls were blown out and the roof collapsed on the occupants. Several other homes suffered significant roof damage. The heat of winds and debris within the fire tornado was estimated to be up to 2,700 °F (1,480 °C). It was reported that several firefighters were caught off guard as the tornado rapidly widened to 300 yards (270 m).

Aftermath

Damage

The tornado heavily damaged several structured in the Redding, including homes and at least two electrical transmissions towers, both of which collapsed as the fire tornado moved by. The fire tornado also exhibited unusually strong winds, which were able to toss a large metal container.

Casualties

At least three people were killed by the tornado, including a dozer operator who was fatally wounded from debris and heat as the tornado passed. A later investigation by CALFIRE showed that while a temporary fire shelter was located behind the operator's seat, the fire curtain was never deployed for unknown reasons. Additionally, every operator of the dozer group that was struck sustained some form of injury, ranging from eye wounds to severe burns. A total of five people were injured.

See also

• List of wildfire behaviors

Notes and footnotes

Notes

1. A third death is not listed in the official count by CalFire.

Footnotes

1. Golgowski, Nina (August 15, 2018). "Letters Pour In Supporting Couple Whose Trailer May Have Sparked Carr Fire". HuffPost. Archived from the original on September 14, 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
2. Chavez, Nicole (July 29, 2018). "Carr Fire in California is so hot it's creating its own weather system". CNN. Archived from the original on July 30, 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
3. "Incident fact sheet" (PDF). CALFIRE. State of California. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 25, 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
4. ^ CalFire 2018, p. 11.
5. "The Giant Fire Whirl From California's Carr Fire Produced Damage Similar to an EF3 Tornado in Redding, an NWS Survey Found | Weather.com". The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on 2018-08-05. Retrieved 2024-12-22.
6. "How a weird fire vortex sparked a meteorological mystery". Science. 2018-12-19. Archived from the original on 2024-11-22. Retrieved 2024-12-22.
7. "Carr Fire: Video shows massive fire tornado that killed Redding firefighter Jeremy Stoke". CBS News. 2018-08-17. Archived from the original on 2024-12-16. Retrieved 2024-12-22.
8. Benda, David. "Destructive and deadly, yes. But unprecedented? Trying to understand the Carr fire twister". Record Searchlight. Archived from the original on 2022-12-05. Retrieved 2024-12-22.
9. Fedschun, Travis (2018-08-16). "Fire tornado spawned by California's deadly Carr Fire seen in video". Fox News. Retrieved 2024-12-22.
10. "Report: Massive Carr Fire tornado trapped, killed Calif. firefighter". FireRescue1. 2018-08-16. Retrieved 2024-12-22.
11. Gabbert, Bill (2018-08-20). "Report concludes fire tornado with 136+ mph winds contributed to a fatality on Carr Fire". Wildfire Today. Archived from the original on 2024-05-18. Retrieved 2024-12-22.
12. ^ CalFire 2018, p. 15.
13. Chapman, Mike. "Carr Fire report: Stoke died while trapped in fire tornado". Record Searchlight. Archived from the original on 2024-04-17. Retrieved 2024-12-22.
14. ^ "USA Firefighter Fatality Notification" (PDF). CalFire.

Sources

• CalFire (2018). "Burn Over Fatalities: Carr Incident". California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection: 1–27. doi:10.55599/ejssm.v8i1.46.