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Senegalia modesta
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Caesalpinioideae
Clade:	Mimosoid clade
Genus:	Senegalia
Species:	S. modesta
Binomial name
Senegalia modesta (Wall.) P. J. H. Hurter
Synonyms
Acacia modesta Wall. Mimosa dumosa Roxb. Mimosa obovata Roxb.

Senegalia modesta (commonly called phulai in Pakistan, phalāhī ਫਲਾਹੀ پھلاہی (Punjabi) in India) is a species of plant commonly found in Pakistan, India and Afghanistan. S. modesta is a perennial tree and formerly, it was classified as Acacia modesta. The plant is drought tolerant. S. modesta`s tree grow in medium size (3 to almost 5 meters) deciduous form with rough surfaced, brown or greenish grey bark, leaflets as (3-5 pairs), cream colored inflorescence (in April–May or July–August) in the form of pedunculate spike, pods as stipitate having 3-5 seeds inside.

In August, 2018 thousands of phulai trees were planted during the two-day tree plantation for reforestation campaign in Kingyar Gali, District Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan.

The tree produces a gum in the form of pale yellow small tears of mucilage. This gum (also called gum arabic) is used for emulsification and stabilizing agent in food, cosmetic, textile and pharmaceutical industries. The hard wood of tree is also source of fuel.

References

1. "Mabberley's plant-book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses | International Plant Names Index". www.ipni.org.
2. ^ Rizwan, Syed Ali; Mahmood, Neha; Mahmood, Usman; Bier, Thomas A. (10 February 2018). "Response of self-compacting paste (SCP) systems containing Acacia Modesta gum". Construction and Building Materials. 161: 398–406. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.11.145. ISSN 0950-0618.
3. ^ "Senegalia modesta - Useful Temperate Plants". temperate.theferns.info.
4. "The genus Acacia P. Miller (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) in India". www.cabi.org. 1996.
5. Kyalangalilwa, Bruce; Boatwright, James S.; Daru, Barnabas H.; Maurin, Olivier; van der Bank, Michelle (20 May 2013). "Phylogenetic position and revised classification of Acacia s.l.(Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in Africa, including new combinations inVachelliaandSenegalia". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 172 (4): 500–523. doi:10.1111/boj.12047. hdl:10566/3454.
6. "Senegalia modesta (Wall.) P.J.H.Hurter | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online.
7. "PlantFiles: Senegalia Species, Blackwood, Black Sally, Phullai". Dave's Garden.
8. "Senegalia modesta".
9. "Phulai Tree : Senegalia modesta".
10. "Volunteers plant 150,000 trees in parts of District Buner". www.geo.tv.
11. Lambert, Joseph B.; Heckenbach, Eric A.; Hurtley, Anna E.; Wu, Yuyang; Santiago-Blay, Jorge A. (26 June 2009). "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Characterization of Legume Exudates". Journal of Natural Products. 72 (6): 1028–1035. doi:10.1021/np900188j. ISSN 0163-3864. PMID 19492830.
12. Nussinovitch, Amos (21 December 2009). Plant Gum Exudates of the World: Sources, Distribution, Properties, and Applications. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-5224-4.
13. Massey, Shazma; MacNaughtan, William; Williams, Huw E.L.; Wolf, Bettina; Iqbal, Mohammad S. (1 November 2017). "A structural study of Acacia nilotica and Acacia modesta gums". Carbohydrate Polymers. 175: 207–215. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.065. ISSN 0144-8617. PMID 28917858.
14. "Acacia modesta in Flora of Pakistan @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org.

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