Map of Gaul with tribes, 1st century BC; the Cadurci are circled.
The Cadurci were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the later region of Quercy (in present-day France) during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
Name
They are mentioned as Cadurcus by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), Kadou͂rkoi (Καδοῦρκοι) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD) and Ptolemy (2nd c. AD), and as Cadurci by Pliny (1st c. AD).
The etymology of the ethnonym Cadurci remains uncertain. Pierre-Yves Lambert has proposed to interpret it as a haplology (loss of syllabe) for the Gaulish compound Catu-turci ('battle-boars'), formed with the root catu- ('combat, battle') attached to the plural of turcos ('wild boar').
The city of Cahors, attested ca. 400 AD as civitas Cadurcorum ('civitas of the Cadurci', Cauricio in 1200, Caurs 1279), and the region of Quercy, attested in 565 AD as Cadurcinus (pagus Catorcinus in 628, Caercino in 1095, with Latin suffix -inus), are named after the Gallic tribe.
Geography
The Cadurci dwelled in the region of Quercy. Their chief town was originally named Divona (present-day Cahors).
References
- Caesar. Commentarii de Bello Gallico, 7:4:6.
- Strabo. Geōgraphiká, 4:2:2; Ptolemy. Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, 2:7:9.
- Pliny. Naturalis Historia, 4:109.
- Falileyev 2010, s.v. Cadurci.
- Lambert 1994, p. 46.
- Delamarre 2003, p. 304.
- Nègre 1990, pp. 152–143.
- Nègre 1990, p. 152.
Bibliography
- Delamarre, Xavier (2003). Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental. Errance. ISBN 9782877723695.
- Falileyev, Alexander (2010). Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. CMCS. ISBN 978-0955718236.
- Lambert, Pierre-Yves (1994). La langue gauloise: description linguistique, commentaire d'inscriptions choisies. Errance. ISBN 978-2-87772-089-2.
- Nègre, Ernest (1990). Toponymie générale de la France. Librairie Droz. ISBN 978-2-600-02883-7.
