Diacetyl reductase ((S)-acetoin forming)

Diacetyl reductase ((S)-acetoin forming) (EC 1.1.1.304, (S)-acetoin dehydrogenase) is an enzyme with systematic name (S)-acetoin:NAD oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

(S)-acetoin + NAD

\rightleftharpoons

diacetyl + NADH + H

The reaction is catalysed in the reverse direction. This activity is usually associated with butanediol dehydrogenase activity (EC 1.1.1.4 or EC 1.1.1.76). While the butanediol dehydrogenase activity is reversible, diacetyl reductase activity is irreversible. This enzyme has been reported in the bacteria Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Different from EC 1.1.1.303, diacetyl reductase ((R)-acetoin forming).

References

Giovannini, P.P.; Medici, A.; Bergamini, C.M.; Rippa, M. (1996). "Properties of diacetyl (acetoin) reductase from Bacillus stearothermophilus". Bioorg. Med. Chem. 4 (8): 1197–1201. doi:10.1016/0968-0896(96)00086-7. PMID 8879540.
Carballo, J.; Martin, R.; Bernardo, A.; Gonzalez, J. (1991). "Purification, characterization and some properties of diacetyl(acetoin) reductase from Enterobacter aerogenes". Eur. J. Biochem. 198 (2): 327–332. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb16019.x. PMID 2040298.
Ui S, Okajima Y, Mimura A, Kanai H, Kobayashi T, Kudo T (1997). "Sequence analysis of the gene for and characterization of D-acetoin forming meso-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase of Klebsiella pneumoniae expressed in Escherichia coli". J. Ferment. Bioeng. 83: 32–37. doi:10.1016/s0922-338x(97)87323-0.

v t e Oxidoreductases: alcohol oxidoreductases (EC 1.1)
1.1.1: NAD/NADP acceptor	3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase Alcohol dehydrogenase Aldo-keto reductase 1A1 1B1 1B10 1C1 1C3 1C4 7A2 Aldose reductase Beta-Ketoacyl ACP reductase Carbohydrate dehydrogenases Carnitine dehydrogenase D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) DXP reductoisomerase Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase HMG-CoA reductase IMP dehydrogenase Isocitrate dehydrogenase Lactate dehydrogenase L-threonine dehydrogenase L-xylulose reductase Malate dehydrogenase Malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) Malate dehydrogenase (NADP+) Malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) Malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+) Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase Sorbitol dehydrogenase Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 3β 3β-HSD NSDHL 11β 11β-HSD1 11β-HSD2 17β
1.1.2: cytochrome acceptor	D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome c-553) Mannitol dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
1.1.3: oxygen acceptor	Glucose oxidase L-gulonolactone oxidase Xanthine oxidase Alcohol oxidase
1.1.4: disulfide as acceptor	Vitamin K epoxide reductase Vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-insensitive)
1.1.5: quinone/similar acceptor	Malate dehydrogenase (quinone) Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase
1.1.99: other acceptors	Choline dehydrogenase L2HGDH

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

This enzyme-related article is a stub. You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it.