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Electoral history of Richard Neal

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List of elections featuring Richard Neal as a candidate
Neal during the
113th Congress

Since 1977, Richard Neal has won 3 city council elections, 3 mayoral elections, and 18 United States House of Representatives elections.

Neal began his career in elected office after winning election in 1977 to the city council of Springfield, Massachusetts. After twice winning reelection to the city council (in 1979 and 1981), Neal was elected mayor of the city in 1983. He was twice reelected mayor, in 1985 and 1987.

In 1988, Neal was elected as a Democrat to represent Massachusetts 2nd district in the United States House of Representatives. He was reelected to this district eleven times. In 2012, he was redistricted to Massachusetts 1st district, to which he was elected. He has been reelected to this district five times, with his latest re-election occurring in 2022.

City council elections

1977

1977 Springfield city councilors at-large election
Candidates Primary General
election
Votes % Votes %
Vincent Di Monaco 9,507 7.39 16,174 8.34
Paul M. Kalill 8,702 6.77 15,552 8.02
Richard E. Neal 6,875 5.35 13,416 6.92
Philip A. Contant 5,689 4.43 12,867 6.63
Leonard J. Collamore 7,756 6.03 12,781 6.59
Paul R. Mason 6,169 4.80 12,624 6.51
Thomas J. Costello III 5,903 4.59 11,974 6.17
Rose Marie Coughlin 6,324 4.92 11,821 6.09
Robert T. Markel 3,881 3.02 11,414 5.88
James H. Bloom 6,572 5.11 11,359 5.86
Daniel M. Walsh III 5,972 4.65 10,638 5.48
James A. Murray 5,397 4.20 10,165 5.24
Donald C. Keavany 2,893 2.25 9,001 4.64
Peter J. Jurzynski 4,606 3.58 8,637 4.45
Romeo J. Cyr 4,993 3.88 8,171 4.21
Daniel J. Manning 3,880 3.02 6,611 3.41
Daniel E. O'Malley 3,769 2.93 6,485 3.34
Thomas J. Costello III 2,893 2.25 4,319 2.23
Francis P. Coughlin 2,866 2.23
Edward F. Cass 2,624 2.04
Sidney Chet Chernice 2,439 1.90
Theodore Piwowarczyk 1,892 1.47
Millicent V. Abner 1,827 1.42
Candice Early Lopes 1,625 1.26
Joseph B. Flynn Jr 1,594 1.24
Edward T. Sullivan 1,544 1.20
John A. Wanat 1,496 1.16
William A. Grant 1,421 1.11
Philip J. Glarneau 1,328 1.03
Sidney Silverman 978 0.76
Robert J. Wihbey 957 0.74
George Williams 949 0.74
August Lucia 897 0.70
Paul Sacharczyk 894 0.70
Joseph H. Kirby 538 0.42
Archibald Strong 473 0.37
David J. Peterson 453 0.35
Hindes 1 0.00
Total 128,577 100 194,009 100

1979

1979 Springfield city councilors at-large election
Candidates Votes %
Richard E. Neal 15,902 9.93
Vincent DiMonaco 15,020 9.38
Brian Santaniello 14,828 9.26
Rose Marie Coughlin 14,420 9.00
Mary Hurley 13,337 8.33
Philip A. Contant 12,993 8.11
Robert T. Markel 11,679 7.29
Paul R. Mason 11,425 7.13
Peter J. Jurzynski 10,300 6.43
Phillip Hart 10,096 6.30
Morris Jones 6,358 3.97
Cesar Ruiz, Jr. 6,337 3.96
Thomas M. Moriarty 4,884 3.05
Daniel J. Manning 4,692 2.93
Thomas A. Bridges 3,243 2.02
Philip J. Galarneau 3,056 1.90
Alfred J. Rivers 1,634 1.02
Total 160,204 100

1981

1981 Springfield city councilors at-large election
Candidates Primary General
election
Votes % Votes %
Richard E. Neal 13,109 9.63 24,452 9.59
Mary Hurley 11,451 8.41 22,032 8.64
Vincent Dimonaco 10,903 8.01 21,790 8.55
Brian A. Santaniello 10,796 7.93 21,360 8.38
Rose Marie Coughlin 10,628 7.81 20,278 7.96
Andrew M. Scibelli 10,583 7.77 19,176 7.52
Robert T. Markel 8,656 6.36 18,618 7.30
Philip A. Contant 9,217 6.77 18,490 7.25
Paul R. Mason 9,879 7.26 17,103 6.71
Francis W. Bloom 7,295 5.36 16,801 6.59
Nicola "Nick" Gioscia 5,602 4.12 11,637 4.57
Michael F. Crowley 6,653 4.89 11,414 4.48
Miguel Rivas Jr. 3,881 2.85 7,349 2.88
Morris Jones 4,882 3.59 6,689 2.62
Harold F. Langford Jr. 3,237 2.38 6,113 2.40
Floyd Narcisse 3,277 2.41 5,390 2.12
Ernest R. Duteau 1,719 1.26 3,197 1.25
Alferd J. Rivers 1,560 1.15 3,031 1.19
Normand W. Oliver 1,552 1.14
Lewis M. Brown 1,255 0.92
Total 136,135 100 254,911 100

Mayoral elections

1983

1983 Springfield, Massachusetts mayoral election
Candidates Primary General
election
Votes % Votes %
Richard E. Neal 11,315 85.58 25,462 85.34
William G. Montana 1,113 8.42 4,373 14.66
Joseph D. Harrington 793 6.00
Total 13,221 100 29,835 100

1985

1985 Springfield, Massachusetts mayoral election
Candidate Votes %
Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 19,382 92.12
Joseph D. Harrington 1,658 7.88
Total votes 21,040 100

1987

1987 Springfield, Massachusetts mayoral election
Candidate Votes %
Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 20,612 91.65
Joseph D. Harrington 1,879 8.36
Total votes 22,491 100

Congressional elections

General election summary table
U.S. House, Massachusetts' 2nd congressional district general elections
Year Winning candidate Party Pct Opponent Party Pct Opponent Party Pct Opponent Party Pct Opponent Party Pct
1988 Richard E. Neal Democratic 80.23% Mark Augusti Peace, Jobs, Justice 19.75% Write-ins 0.07%
1990 Richard E. Neal Democratic 67.97% Write-ins 32.01%
1992 Richard E. Neal Democratic 53.09% Anthony W. Ravosa Republican 31.07% Thomas R. Sheehan For the People 15.76% Write-ins 0.08%
1994 Richard E. Neal Democratic 58.52% John M. Braire Republican 36.32% Kate Ross Natural Law 5.08% Write-ins 0.08%
1996 Richard E. Neal Democratic 71.67% Mark Steele Republican 21.94% Scott Andrichak Independent 4.04% Richard Kaynor Natural Law 2.25% Write-ins 0.10%
1998 Richard E. Neal Democratic 98.94% Write-ins 1.06%
2000 Richard E. Neal Democratic 98.91% Write-ins 1.09%
2002 Richard E. Neal Democratic 99.13% Write-ins 0.87%
2004 Richard E. Neal Democratic 98.73% Write-ins 1.27%
2006 Richard E. Neal Democratic 99.27% Write-ins 0.73%
2008 Richard E. Neal Democratic 98.47% Write-ins 1.53%
2010 Richard E. Neal Democratic 57.32% Thomas A. Wesley Republican 42.61% Write-ins 0.08%
U.S. House, Massachusetts' 1st congressional district general elections
Year Winning candidate Party Pct Opponent Party Pct Opponent Party Pct Opponent Party Pct
2012 Richard E. Neal Democratic 98.42% Write-ins 1.58%
2014 Richard E. Neal Democratic 98.45% Write-ins 1.55%
2016 Richard E. Neal Democratic 73.34% Frederick O. Mayock Independent 17.88% Thomas T. Simmons Libertarian 8.56% Write-ins 0.22%
2018 Richard E. Neal Democratic 97.64% Write-ins 2.36%
2020 Richard E. Neal Democratic 96.51% Alex Morse Write-in 0.45% Other write-ins 3.04%
2022 Richard E. Neal Democratic 59.97 Dean Martilli Republican 37.32 Other write-ins 0.14%

1988

1988 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal 24,523 99.93
Write-in Other 18 0.07
Total votes 24,541 100
1988 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal 156,262 80.23
Peace, Jobs Justice Louis R. Godena 38,466 19.75
Write-in Other 52 0.03
Total votes 194,780 100

1990

1990 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 51,615 63.61
Democratic Theodore E. DiMauro 29,520 36.38
Write-in Other 5 0.01
Total votes 81,140 100
1990 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 134,152 67.97
Write-in Other 63,169 32.01
Total votes 197,321 100

1992

1992 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 30,370 47.72
Democratic Kateri B. Walsh 21,709 34.11
Democratic Charles A. Platten, Jr. 11,513 18.09
Write-in Other 49 0.08
Total votes 63,641 100
1992 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 131,215 53.09
Republican Anthony W. Ravosa 76,795 31.07
For the People Thomas R. Sheehan 38,963 15.76
Write-in Other 190 0.08
Total votes 247,163 100

1994

1994 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 25,472 99.82
Write-in Other 46 0.18
Total votes 25,518 100
1994 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 117,178 58.52
Republican John M. Braire 72,732 36.32
Natural Law Kate Ross 10,167 5.08
Write-in Other 161 0.08
Total votes 200,238 100

1996

1996 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 11,048 99.01
Write-in Other 111 1.00
Total votes 11,159 100
1996 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 162,995 71.67
Republican Mark Steele 49,885 21.94
Independent Scott Andrichak 9,181 4.04
Natural Law Richard Kaynor 5,124 2.25
Write-in Other 226 0.10
Total votes 227,411 100

1998

1998 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 30,785 99.45
Write-in Other 169 0.55
Total votes 30,954 100
1998 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 130,550 98.94
Write-in Other 1,393 1.06
Total votes 131,943 100

2000

2000 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 20,253 86.45
Democratic Joseph R. Fountain 3,149 13.44
Write-in Other 26 0.11
Total votes 23,428 100
2000 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election<
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 196,670 98.91
Write-in Other 2,176 1.09
Total votes 198,846 100

2002

2002 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 47,369 99.45
Write-in Other 260 0.55
Total votes 47,629 100
2002 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 153,387 99.13
Write-in Other 1,341 0.87
Total votes 154,728 100

2004

2004 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 29,707 99.14
Write-in Other 259 0.55
Total votes 29,966 100
2004 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 217,682 98.73
Write-in Other 2,802 1.27
Total votes 220,484 100

2006

2006 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 60,953 99.27
Write-in Other 446 0.73
Total votes 61,399 100
2006 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 164,939 98.65
Write-in Other 2,254 1.35
Total votes 167,193 100

2008

2008 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 30,017 98.82
Write-in Other 360 1.19
Total votes 30,377 100
2008 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 234,369 98.47
Write-in Other 3,631 1.53
Total votes 238,000 100

2010

2010 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 31,053 98.68
Write-in Other 416 1.32
Total votes 31,469 100
2010 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 122,708 57.32
Republican Thomas A. Wesley 91,209 42.61
Write-in Other 164 0.08
Total votes 214,081 100

2012

2012 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district Democratic primary
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard Neal (redistricted incumbent) 40,295 65.40
Democratic Andrea F. Nuciforo, Jr. 15,159 24.63
Democratic Bill Shein 6,059 9.85
Write-in Other 33 0.05
Total votes 61,546 100
2012 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (redistricted incumbent) 261,936 98.42
Write-in Other 4,197 1.58
Total votes 266,133 100

2014

2016 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district Democratic primary
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard Neal (incumbent) 44,857 98.45
Write-in Other 706 1.55
Total votes 45,563 100
2014 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 167,612 97.97
Write-in Other 3,498 2.04
Total votes 171,110 100

2016

2016 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district Democratic primary
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard Neal (incumbent) 44,857 98.45
Write-in Other 706 1.55
Total votes 45,563 100
2016 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 235,803 73.34
Independent Frederick O. Mayock 57,504 17.88
Libertarian Thomas T. Simmons 27,511 8.56
Write-in Other 721 0.22
Total votes 321,539 100

2018

2018 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district Democratic primary
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard Neal (incumbent) 49,696 70.64
Democratic Tahirah Amatul-Wadud 20,565 29.23
Write-in Other 93 0.13
Total votes 70,354 100
2018 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 211,790 97.64
Write-in Other 5,110 2.36
Total votes 216,900 100

2020

2020 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district Democratic primary
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 84,092 58.64
Democratic Alex Morse 59,110 41.22
Write-in Other 191 0.13
Total votes 143,393 100
2020 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 275,376 96.51
Write-in Alex Morse 1,274 0.45
Write-in Other 8,682 3.04
Total votes 285,332 100

2022

2022 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district Democratic primary
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 71,928 99.16
Write-in Other 606 0.84
Total votes 72,534 100
2022 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 157,635 59.97
Republican Dean Martilli 98,386 37.32
Write-in 378 0.14
Total votes 263,651 100

References

  1. "1977 Primary". Springfield, Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  2. "November 8, 1977". Springfield, Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  3. "November 6, 1979". Springfield, Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  4. "10/6/1981 12:00:00 AM". Springfield, Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  5. "City Election November 3, 1981". Springfield, Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  6. "Primary Election Sept. 20,1983". Springfield, Massachusetts. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  7. "Election November 3, 1983". Springfield, Massachusetts. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  8. "11/5/1985 12:00:00 AM". Springfield, Massachusetts. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  9. "11/3/1987 12:00:00 AM". Springfield, Massachusetts. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  10. ^ "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 8, 1988". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  11. ^ "STATISTICS OF THE CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 6, 1990". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  12. ^ "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 3, 1992". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  13. ^ "STATISTICS OF THE CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 8, 1994". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  14. ^ "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 5, 1996". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  15. ^ "STATISTICS OF THE CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 3, 1998". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  16. ^ "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 7, 2000". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  17. ^ "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 7, 2000". clerk.house.gov. Clerk of the House of Representatives. June 21, 2001. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  18. ^ "STATISTICS OF THE CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 5, 2002". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  19. ^ "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 5, 2002". clerk.house.gov. Clerk of the House of Representatives. May 1, 2003. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  20. ^ "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 2, 2004". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  21. ^ "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 2, 2004". clerk.house.gov. Clerk of the House of Representatives. June 7, 2005. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  22. ^ "STATISTICS OF THE CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 7, 2006". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  23. ^ "STATISTICS CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 7, 2006". clerk.house.gov. Clerk of the House of Representatives. June 7, 2005. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  24. ^ "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS OF NOVEMBER 4, 2008". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  25. ^ "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS OF NOVEMBER 4, 2008". clerk.house.gov. Clerk of the House of Representatives. June 7, 2005. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  26. ^ "STATISTICS OF THE CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 2, 2010". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  27. ^ "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS OF NOVEMBER 6, 2012". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  28. ^ "STATISTICS OF THE CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS OF NOVEMBER 4, 2014". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  29. ^ "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS OF NOVEMBER 8, 2016". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  30. ^ "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS OF NOVEMBER 6, 2018". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  31. ^ "2020 U.S. House General Election 1st Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  32. "1988 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  33. "1990 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  34. "1992 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  35. "1994 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  36. "1996 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  37. "1998 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  38. "2000 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  39. "2002 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  40. "2004 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  41. "2006 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  42. "2008 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  43. "2010 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  44. "2012 U.S. House Democratic Primary 1st Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  45. "2016 U.S. House Democratic Primary 1st Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  46. "2016 U.S. House Democratic Primary 1st Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  47. "2018 U.S. House Democratic Primary 1st Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  48. "2020 U.S. House Democratic Primary 1st Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  49. "2022 U.S. House Democratic Primary 1st Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
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