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Gallium(III) sulfate

Names
Other names Digallium trisulfate
Identifiers
CAS Number	(anhydrous): 13494-91-2 (sulfates are wrong in CAS) (octadecahydrate): 13780-42-2
3D model (JSmol)	(anhydrous): Interactive image (monohydrate): Interactive image (octadecahydrate): Interactive image
ChemSpider	(anhydrous): 58307
EC Number	(anhydrous): 236-816-0
PubChem CID	(anhydrous): 64773 (monohydrate): 16213072 (hexahydrate): 129655091 (octadecahydrate): 91886266
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	(anhydrous): DTXSID40890705
InChI InChI=1S/2Ga.3H2O4S/c;;3*1-5(2,3)4/h;;3*(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+3;;;/p-6Key: UXLRWZBQRAWBQA-UHFFFAOYSA-H (octadecahydrate): InChI=1S/2Ga.3H2O4S.18H2O/c;;3*1-5(2,3)4;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/h;;3*(H2,1,2,3,4);18*1H2/q2*+3;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/p-6Key: RBIKSELZKJNPFC-UHFFFAOYSA-H
SMILES (anhydrous): S(=O)(=O).S(=O)(=O).S(=O)(=O).. (monohydrate): O.S(=O)(=O).S(=O)(=O).S(=O)(=O).. (octadecahydrate): O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.S(=O)(=O).S(=O)(=O).S(=O)(=O)..
Properties
Chemical formula	Ga2(SO4)3
Molar mass	445.7 g/mol
Appearance	White solid
Density	3.86 g/cm
Melting point	680 °C (1,256 °F; 953 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	Slightly soluble
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H315, H319, H335
Precautionary statements	P302+P352, P305+P351+P338
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	0 0 1
Related compounds
Other cations	Aluminium sulfate, Indium(III) sulfate,
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). Infobox references

Gallium(III) sulfate refers to the chemical compound, a salt, with the formula Ga₂(SO₄)₃, or its hydrates Ga₂(SO₄)₃·xH₂O. Gallium metal dissolves in sulfuric acid to form solutions containing and SO₄ ions. The octadecahydrate Ga₂(SO₄)₃·18H₂O crystallises from these solutions at room temperature. This hydrate loses water in stages when heated, forming the anhydrate Ga₂(SO₄)₃ above 150 °C and completely above 310 °C. Anhydrous Ga₂(SO₄)₃ is isostructural with iron(III) sulfate, crystallizing in the rhombohedral space group R3.

Preparation

Gallium(III) sulfate is prepared from the reaction of hydroxygallium diacetate and sulfuric acid. The two reactants were mixed at 90 °C and left for 2 days which produced the octadecahydrate. Then, it was dried in a vacuum for 2 hours which created the extremely hygroscopic anhydrous form. The overall reaction is below:

2 Ga(CH₃COO)₂OH + 3 H₂SO₄ → Ga₂(SO₄)₃ + 4 CH₃COOH + 2 H₂O

After the production, it was confirmed to be the simple salt, Ga₂(SO₄)₃, by x-ray diffraction.

Properties

When heated over 680 °C, gallium sulfate gives off sulfur trioxide, yielding gallium(III) oxide. A gallium sulfate solution in water mixed with zinc sulfate can precipitate ZnGa₂O₄.

Derivatives

Basic gallium sulfate is known with the formula (H₃O)Ga₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆.

Double gallium sulfates are known with composition NaGa₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆, KGa₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆, RbGa₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆, NH₄Ga₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆. These compounds are isostructural with jarosite and alunite. Jarosite and alunite can contain a small amount of gallium substituted for iron or aluminium. Organic base double gallium sulfates can contain different core structures, these can be chains of , or or sheets of units.

References

1. ^ V.Yu. Proydakova; S.V. Kuznetsov; V.V. Voronov; P.P. Fedorov (2017). "СИНТЕЗ СУЛЬФАТА ГАЛЛИЯ" [SYNTHESIS OF GALLIUM SULFATE]. Fine Chemical Technologies (in Russian). 12 (3): 52–57. doi:10.32362/2410-6593-2017-12-3-52-57.
2. ^ "Gallium(III) sulfate hydrate". Alfa Aesar. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
3. A. J. Downs, ed. (2012). Chemistry of Aluminium, Gallium, Indium and Thallium. Springer. p. 153. ISBN 9789401049603.
4. Krause, M.; Gruehn, R. (1995). "Contributions on the thermal behaviour of sulphates XVII.1 Single crystal structure refinements of In₂(SO₄)₃ and Ga₂(SO₄)₃". Z. Kristallogr. 210 (6): 427–431. Bibcode:1995ZK....210..427K. doi:10.1524/zkri.1995.210.6.427.
5. Hirano, Masanori; Okumura, Shiro; Hasegawa, Yasunori; Inagaki, Michio (October 2002). "Direct Precipitation of Spinel-Type Zn(Fe, Ga)2O4 Solid Solutions from Aqueous Solutions at 90°C: Influence of Iron Valence of Starting Salt on Their Crystallite Growth". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 168 (1): 5–10. Bibcode:2002JSSCh.168....5H. doi:10.1006/jssc.2002.9662.
6. ^ Rudolph, Wolfram W.; Schmidt, Peer (July 2011). "Studies on synthetic galloalunites AGa3(SO4)2(OH)6: Synthesis, thermal analysis, and X-ray characterization". Thermochimica Acta. 521 (1–2): 112–120. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.881.3389. doi:10.1016/j.tca.2011.04.013.
7. ^ Kaufman, Elizabeth A.; Zeller, Matthias; Norquist, Alexander J. (2010-10-06). "A Slow Leak Synthetic Route to Organically Templated Gallium Sulfates". Crystal Growth & Design. 10 (10): 4656–4661. doi:10.1021/cg1009412. ISSN 1528-7483.
8. Kydon, D. W.; Pintar, M.; Petch, H. E. (1968-06-15). "NMR Evidence of H 3 O + Ions in Gallium Sulfate". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 48 (12): 5348–5351. Bibcode:1968JChPh..48.5348K. doi:10.1063/1.1668226. ISSN 0021-9606.
9. Kang, Bong Kyun; Lim, Hyeong Dae; Mang, Sung Ryul; Song, Keun Man; Jung, Mong Kwon; Kim, Sang-Woo; Yoon, Dae Ho (2015-01-20). "Synthesis and Characterization of Monodispersed β-Ga 2 O 3 Nanospheres via Morphology Controlled Ga 4 (OH) 10 SO 4 Precursors". Langmuir. 31 (2): 833–838. doi:10.1021/la504209f. ISSN 0743-7463. PMID 25539482.
10. Fedorov, P. P.; Proidakova, V. Yu.; Kuznetsov, S. V.; Voronov, V. V. (November 2017). "Phase equilibria in systems of gallium sulfate with lithium or sodium sulfate". Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 62 (11): 1508–1513. doi:10.1134/S0036023617110067. ISSN 0036-0236. S2CID 103985885.
11. Howard E. Swanson, Nancy T. Gilfrich, Marlene I. Cook, Roger Stinchfield, and Paul C. Parks (1 April 1959). "Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
12. Yasuda, Naohiko; Kaneda, Akio; Czapla, Zbigniew (March 1999). "Pressure effects in dimethylammonium gallium sulfate (DMAGaS)". Ferroelectrics. 223 (1): 71–78. Bibcode:1999Fer...223...71Y. doi:10.1080/00150199908260555. ISSN 0015-0193.
13. Völkel, G; Böttcher, R; Michel, D; Czapla, Z; Banys, J (2005-07-20). "Dimethylammonium gallium sulfate hexahydrate and dimethylammonium aluminium sulfate hexahydrate—members of a crystal family with exceptional commensurate/incommensurate phase sequences". Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 17 (28): 4511–4529. Bibcode:2005JPCM...17.4511V. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/17/28/010. ISSN 0953-8984. S2CID 98806133.
14. Geller, S.; Booth, D.P. (1959-01-01). "The crystal structure of guanidinium gallium sulfate hexahydrate, [C(NH2)3]Ga(SO4)2·6H2O". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 111 (1–6): 117–128. doi:10.1524/zkri.1959.111.16.117. ISSN 2196-7105. S2CID 201840778.

• Gallium compounds
• Sulfates
• Catalysts