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Politics of Syria
Coat of arms of Syria
Polity type	Transitional government
Constitution	Constitution of Syria
Legislative branch
Name	People's Assembly
Type	Unicameral
Meeting place	Parliament Building
Presiding officer	Vacant, Speaker of the People's Council
Executive branch
Head of state
Title	President
Currently	Vacant
Appointer	Direct popular vote
Head of government
Title	Prime Minister
Currently	Mohammed al-Bashir
Appointer	President
Cabinet
Name	Cabinet of Syria
Leader	Prime Minister
Deputy leader	Deputy Prime Minister
Appointer	President
Ministries	28
Judicial branch
Name	Judiciary of Syria
Supreme Constitutional Court

Politics of Syria
Member State of the Arab League
ConstitutionHuman rights
Executive President (list) Vacant Vice President Vacant Prime Minister (list) Mohammed al-Bashir Deputy Prime Minister Vacant
Legislature People's Assembly Speaker: Vacant
Judiciary High Judicial Council Supreme Constitutional Court
Subdivisions Governorates Districts Subdistricts (Nahiyas) Villages
Elections Recent elections Presidential: 2007 2014 2021 Parliamentary: 2016 2020 2024 Political parties
Foreign relations Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates Minister: Asaad Hassan al-Shaybani Diplomatic missions of / in Syria Syrian nationality law Passport Visa requirements Visa policy UN resolutions on Syria Status of the Golan Heights Syrian civil war
Other countries
v t e

The politics of Syria is currently in a transitional period led by the Syrian transitional government. The seat of the government is located in Damascus, Syria. The previous government consisted of a President, a Prime Minister, and a legislative council with 250 seats.

On 8 December 2024, after the successful Syrian rebel offensives resulted in the fall of Damascus and the ouster of former president Bashar al-Assad, many former government officials under Assad's regime fled to neighboring countries for sanctuary. Tahrir al-Sham, the dominant opposition faction, has tasked Prime Minister Mohammed al-Bashir of the Syrian Salvation Government to head the transitional administration until 1 March 2025. The transitional period is expected to last until 2026.

Executive branch

Syria is currently led by a transitional caretaker administration, which is expected to serve until 1 March 2025 when a more comprehensive transitional government is expected to be formed to oversee the rest of the transitional period until 2026.

Cabinet

The cabinet performs the day-to-day administrative functions of government.

Caretaker Prime Minister Mohammad al-Bashir told Al Jazeera on 16 December 2024 that "for the time being" ministers from the Syrian Salvation Government (SSG) would head national ministries.

Legislative branch

The People's Assembly is Syria's legislature. It has 250 members elected for a four-year term in 15 multi-seat constituencies. The Syrian constitution of 2012 introduced multi-party system without guaranteed leadership of any political party. After the collapse of the Assad Regime following successful rebel offensives late 2024, the People's Assembly was suspended on 13 December 2024 by the transitional authorities for three months.

Judicial branch

Syria's judicial branches include the Supreme Constitutional Court, the High Judicial Council, the Court of Cassation, and the State Security Courts. Islamic jurisprudence is a main source of legislation and Syria's judicial system had elements of Ottoman, French, and Islamic laws. Syria had three levels of courts: courts of first instance, courts of appeals, and the constitutional court, the highest tribunal. Religious courts handle questions of personal and family law.

International organization participation

Syria is a member of the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa, Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, Arab Monetary Fund, Council of Arab Economic Unity, Customs Cooperation Council, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, Food and Agriculture Organization, Group of 24, Group of 77, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Chamber of Commerce, International Development Association, Islamic Development Bank, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Finance Corporation, International Labour Organization, International Monetary Fund, International Maritime Organization, Intelsat, Interpol, International Olympic Committee, International Organization for Standardization, International Telecommunication Union, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Non-Aligned Movement, Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, United Nations, UN Commission on Human Rights, UN Conference on Trade and Development, UN Industrial Development Organization, UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, Universal Postal Union, World Federation of Trade Unions, World Health Organization, World Meteorological Organization, and World Tourism Organization.

Syria's diplomats last sat on the UN Security Council (as a non-permanent member) in December 2003.

Notes

References

1. Phillips, Douglas A.; Gritzner, Charles F. (2010). Syria. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438132389.
2. Al Jazeera Staff. "What to know about Syria's new caretaker government". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
3. "Syrian opposition leader says state institutions will be preserved in 18-month transition". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
4. "Washington Returns to Damascus with High Stakes for Syria's Transition | The Washington Institute". www.washingtoninstitute.org. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
5. "Mohammed al-Bashir assigned to form new Syrian government". Archived from the original on 9 December 2024. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
6. "Syrian PM-designate starts consultations to form new cabinet – People's Daily Online". en.people.cn. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
7. Manar (3 July 2016). "President al-Assad issues Decree No. 203 on forming the new Syrian government". Syrian Arab News Agency. Archived from the original on 12 July 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
8. Al Jazeera Staff. "What to know about Syria's new caretaker government". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
9. "Mohammed al-Bashir assigned to form new Syrian government". Ammon News. 9 December 2024. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
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11. ^ Syrian Transitional Government Officially Established, L24, 11 December 2024, Wikidata Q131451006, archived from the original on 15 December 2024
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13. "Investigating the Claims of the Closure of the Music Institute in Aleppo: The Truth Behind the Allegations". verify-sy.com. 8 January 2025. Retrieved 12 January 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
14. "Syrian authorities appoint HTS figures as foreign, defence ministers". Al Jazeera English. 21 December 2024. Wikidata Q131531801. Archived from the original on 21 December 2024.
15. Timour Azhari (10 December 2024), Exclusive: Syria's new rulers back shift to free-market economy, business leader says, Reuters, Wikidata Q131421935, archived from the original on 10 December 2024
16. "Electricity Minister inspects work at Tishreen Thermal Power Plant". Syrian Arab News Agency. 19 December 2024. Archived from the original on 21 December 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
17. "Syrian caretaker government to hike public sector salaries by 400 pct next month". Yemen Details.
18. "Appointment of Asaad Hassan al-Sheybani as Foreign Minister in the Syrian Transitional Government". Erem News (in Arabic). 21 December 2024. Archived from the original on 21 December 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
19. "تعيين أنس خطاب رئيساً لجهاز الاستخبارات العامة في سوريا". تلفزيون سوريا (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 26 December 2024. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
20. "سوريا.. أنس خطاب رئيسا لجهاز الاستخبارات العامة". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
21. "الجمارك السورية تستبدل مديرين للمنافذ الحدودية". عنب بلدي (in Arabic). 25 December 2024. Retrieved 30 December 2024. في 18 من كانون الأول الحالي، صدر قرار عن مديرية الجمارك العامة، موقع من مديرها العام الجديد، قتيبة أحمد بدوي، يقضي بحل الضابطة الجمركية في سوريا بكافة مسمياتها وتشكيلاتها، ليصار فيما بعد إلى إعادة تشكيلها على الشكل الذي "يخدم المصلحة العامة". [On 18 December, the General Customs Directorate issued a decision, signed by its new Director General, Qutaiba Ahmed Badawi, to dissolve the customs police in Syria with all its names and formations, to be reconstituted later in a manner that “serves the public interest.”]
22. Widespread Condemnation of Sharaa's Brother Appointment as Minister of Health & Rejection of His Condescending Rhetoric Towards Revolutionary Organizations, The Syrian Observer, 19 December 2024, Wikidata Q131522512, archived from the original on 21 December 2024
23. "Syrian interim gov't eyes economic reforms, assures ample strategic reserves". Big News Network.com. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
24. "وزير النفط السوري يكشف التحديات وألمانيا تعلن مساعدات بعيدا عن الإدارة الجديدة". الجزيرة نت.
25. "وزير النقل السوري: مطارات دمشق وحلب تقترب من استئناف استقبال الرحلات الجوية". صدى البلد. 17 December 2024.
26. "تلفزيون الخبر |". موقع نبض.
27. "Women will play a key role in a new Syria, says minister". Al Jazeera English. 22 December 2024. Wikidata Q131541454. Archived from the original on 23 December 2024.
28. "SANA Syrian News Agency – Constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic Approved in Popular Referendum on February 27, 2012, Article 8". Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
29. "Syria new leadership suspends constitution, parliament for 3 months". Middle East Monitor. 13 December 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
30. "Syria (05/07)". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2022.

External links

• The Syrian Constitution accessed 13 November 2012
• "Government of Syria portal before December 2024". Archived from the original on 9 December 2024.

• Government of Syria