| Helconinae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Wroughtonia ligator | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Braconidae |
| Subfamily: | Helconinae Forster, 1862 |
Helconinae is a subfamily of braconid wasps in the family Braconidae.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
Helconinae has historically been a large subfamily of 4 tribes comprising about 40 genera. Following many changes to classification and included groups over the years, only one of these original tribes, Helconini, remains. Cenocoeliini was split into a new subfamily, Cenocoeliinae, by van Achterberg in 1984. Then, the tribes Brachistini and Diospilini were split into another new subfamily, Brachistinae, by Sharanowski et al. in 2011. The remaining Helconini comprise about 12 genera. The Helconini subtribe Vervootihelconina was since elevated to tribal status as Vervootihelconini. The enigmatic Ussurohelconini, previously transferred to Cenocoeliinae, was again recovered as a tribe of Helconinae.
Genera
The following genera belong to the subfamily Helconinae:
Tribe Helconini Förster, 1863
- Acarohelcon van Achterberg et Chen, 2017
- Austrohelcon Turner, 1918
- Calohelcon Turner, 1918
- Eumacrocentrus Ashmead, 1900
- Helcon Nees von Esenbeck, 1812
- Mangshia van Achterberg & Chen, 2004
- Parahelcon Kokujew, 1901
- Trichiohelcon Turuer, 1918
- Wroughtonia Cameron, 1899
Tribe Ussurohelconini van Achterberg, 1994
- Ussurohelcon Belokobylskij, 1989
Tribe Vervoortihelconini van Achterberg, 1997
- Vervoortihelcon van Achterberg, 1998
References
- ^ Wharton, Robert A.; Marsh, Paul M.; Sharkey, Michael J. (2017). Manual Of The New World Genera Of The Family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) 2nd Edition. International Society of Hymenopterists. ISBN 978-0692944820.
- van Achterberg, Cornelis (1984). "Essay on the phylogeny of Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea)". Entomologisk Tidskrift. 105: 41–58.
- ^ Sharanowski, Barbara J.; Dowling, Ashley P.G.; Sharkey, Michael J. (2011). "Molecular phylogenetics of Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) based on multiple nuclear genes, and implications for classification". Systematic Entomology. 36 (3): 549–572. Bibcode:2011SysEn..36..549S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00580.x.
- Ghahari, Hassan; Shaw, Scott Richard; Gadallah, Neveen Samy; Sharkey, Michael J. (2022). "15. Subfamily Helconinae Foerster, 1863". In Gadallah, Neveen Samy; Ghahari, Hassan; Shaw, Scott Richard (eds.). Braconidae of the Middle East (Hymenoptera) Taxonomy, Distribution, Biology, and Biocontrol Benefits of Parasitoid Wasps. Elsevier Science. p. 356-358. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-96099-1.00012-1. ISBN 978-0-323-96099-1.
- ^ Yan, Cheng-Jin; Van Achterberg, Cornelis; He, Jun-Hua; Chen, Xue-Xin (2017). "Review of the tribe Helconini Foerster s.s. from China, with the description of 18 new species". Zootaxa. 4291 (3): 401–457. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4291.3.1.
- ^ Parrott, arthur W. (1953). "A Systematic Catalogue of Australian Braconidae". Pacific Science. 7: 193–218.
- Krombein, Karl V.; Hurd Jr., Paul D. Jr.; Smith, David R.; Burks, B.D., eds. (1979). Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Smithsonian Institution Press. Retrieved 2018-04-11.
- Van Achterberg, Cornelis; Chen, Xuexin (2004). "Six new genera of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from China". Zoologische Mededelingen. 78: 77–100.
- Quicke, Donald L.J.; Ward, Darren F.; Butcher, Buntika A. (2019). "First host record and morphological notes on the rare Chilean wasp Vervoortihelcon scaramozzinoi van Achterberg (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Helconinae, Vervoortihelconini)". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 68: 13–16. doi:10.3897/jhr.68.32954.
External links
Media related to Helconinae at Wikimedia Commons
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