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The Kok-Pash culture (3rd to 5th centuries CE) is an archaeological culture flourishing in the so-called Hunno-Sarmatian period in the Altai Mountains. The Kok-Pash monuments appeared in Altai Mountains in the second half of the 3rd century AD and coexisted with the Bulan-Koba culture.

Archaeology and Anthropology

Contrary to the Europoid groups such as Pazyryk and Bulan-Koba culture, the Kok-Pash skeletal remains exhibit pronounced East Asian (Mongoloid) features, marking a new population influx in Altai mountains from the East in the 3rd century CE.

The Kok-Pash burials share similarities to the Kokel culture in Tuva. in the 3rd century CE the Kok-Pash people annexed parts of territories of the Bulan-Koba culture in south and southeastern parts of the Altai Mountain of Russia and coexisted with the remnants of the Bulan-koba culture in the north and northwestern parts of the Altai Mountains until the 5th century CE. The burials of Kok-Pash culture consists of wooden coffins in narrow pits beneath rectangular mounds with a north-south orientation. grave goods are no different from Bulan-Koba culture. the Kok-Pash and Bulan-koba cultures were both replaced by Turkic burial traditions in Altai mountains.

References

1. Konstantinov et al. 2018.
2. Konstantinov et al. 2018, page 12: "The radiocarbon dating of the objects attributes them to the end of the 3rd – beginning of the 3th century".
3. Konstantinov et al. 2018, page 12: "The anthropological study of human remains revealed that the population has a pronounced Asian anthropological type, characteristic to the population of Mongolia and referred to as ‘the Central Asian race’(Mongoloid). The population who left monuments of the Kok-Pash type was the first wave of settlers, who brought the Central Asian(Mongoloid) anthropological component to the Altai; this component became characteristic for the region in the Middle Ages and subsequent periods.".
4. Khudjakov 2005.
5. Konstantinov et al. 2018, page 29.
6. ^ Konstantinov et al. 2018, page 12.

Sources

• Konstantinov, Nikita; Soenov, Vasilii; Trifanova, Synaru; Svyatko, Svetlana (29 June 2018). "History and culture of the early Türkic period: A review of archaeological monuments in the Russian Altai from the 4th–6th century AD". Archaeological Research in Asia. 16: 103–115. doi:10.1016/j.ara.2018.06.002.
• Khudjakov, Julij S. (1 July 2005). "Armaments of Nomads of the Altai Mountains (First Half of the 1st Millennium AD)". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 58 (2): 117–133. doi:10.1556/aorient.58.2005.2.1.

v t e Rulers of ancient Central Asia

Territories/ dates Khorasan Margiana Bactria Sogdia Trans-Jaxartes steppes Altai Mountains Preceded by: Chronology of the Neolithic period 3500–2500 BCE (Eastern migration of the Yamnaya culture from the Pontic–Caspian steppe through the Eurasian Steppe, as far as the Altai region) Afanasievo culture (Proto-Tocharian) 2400–2000 BCE Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex 2000–1900 BCE Andronovo culture 2000–900 BCE 626–539 BCE Median Empire Deioces Phraortes Madyes Cyaxares Astyages Saka Massagetae Tomyris Saka Skunkha Saka (Arzhan culture) (Pazyryk culture) 539–331 BCE Achaemenid Empire Cyrus Cambyses Darius I Xerxes Artaxerxes I Darius II Artaxerxes II Artaxerxes III Artaxerxes IV Darius III 331–256 BCE Hellenistic Period Argead dynasty: Alexander I Philip Alexander II Antigonus Seleucid Empire: Seleucus I Antiochus I Antiochus II Saka Yuezhi 256–160 BCE Greco-Bactrian Kingdom Diodotus I Diodotus II Euthydemus I Demetrius I Euthydemus II Antimachus I Yuezhi Xiongnu Modu Chanyu Laoshang Huns 160–141 BCE Parthian Empire Mithridates I Phraates Hyspaosines Artabanus Mithridates II Gotarzes Mithridates III Orodes I Sinatruces Phraates III Mithridates IV Orodes II Phraates IV Tiridates II Musa Phraates V Orodes III Vonones I Artabanus II Tiridates III Artabanus II Vardanes I Gotarzes II Meherdates Vonones II Vologases I Vardanes II Pacorus II Vologases II Artabanus III Osroes I Vologases III Parthamaspates Sinatruces II Mithridates V Vologases IV Osroes II Vologases V Vologases VI Artabanus IV Eucratides I 141 BCE – 30 CE Yuezhi Agesiles Sapadbizes Heraios 30–224 CE Kushan Empire Kujula Kadphises Vima Takto Vima Kadphises Kanishka I Huvishka Vasudeva I Saka 224–350 CE Sasanian Empire Ardashir I Shapur I Hormizd I Bahram I Bahram II Bahram III Narseh Hormizd II Adur Narseh Shapur II Ardashir II Shapur III Bahram IV Yazdegerd I Shapur IV Khosrow Bahram V Yazdegerd II Hormizd III Peroz I Balash Kavad I Jamasp Kavad I Khosrow I Hormizd IV Khosrow II Bahram VI Chobin Vistahm Khosrow II Kavad II Ardashir III Shahrbaraz Khosrow III Boran Shapur-i Shahrvaraz Azarmidokht Farrukh Hormizd Hormizd VI Khosrow IV Boran Yazdegerd III Peroz III Narsieh Kushano-Sasanians Ardashir I Peroz I Hormizd I Hormizd II Peroz II Varahran Kangju Wanunkhur 320–467 CE Kidarites Yosada Kirada Peroz Kidara Grumbates Kungas Brahmi Buddhatala Varhran (II) Tobazini 370–540 CE Alchon Huns Khingila I Javukha Mehama Lakhana Udayaditya Aduman Toramana Mihirakula 440–560 CE Hephthalites Akhshunwar Kun-khi Ghadfar 560–651 CE First Turkic Khaganate (Ashina Tuwu) Bumin Qaghan Issik Qaghan Muqan Qaghan Taspar Qaghan Ashina Anluo Ishbara Qaghan Bagha Qaghan Tulan Qaghan (Istämi) (Empress Ashina) (Apa Qaghan) (Yangsu Tegin) (Tamgan) 560–625 CE Western Turkic Khaganate (vassal of the Tang dynasty 657–742) Niri Qaghan Heshana Qaghan Sheguy Tong Yabghu Qaghan 625–651 CE Tokhara Yabghus Tardush Shad Ishbara Yabgu Wu-shih-po Pantu Nili Külüg Sibir Sy Yabghu Khagan Duolu Qaghan Ishbara Tolis Yukuk Shad Irbis Seguy Ashina Helu 651–673 CE Muslim conquest of Persia 673–751 CE Muslim conquest of Transoxiana Second Turkic Khaganate Rulers of the ancient Near-East

• Archaeological sites in Russia
• Archaeological sites in Siberia
• Kurgans
• Iron Age sites in Asia
• Geography of Tuva
• Objects of cultural heritage of Russia of federal significance