In German-speaking jurisdictions, Landesbank (plural Landesbanken), lit. 'bank of the Land', refers to a category of public sector banks that are owned by one or more of the Länder (federated internally self-governing states). Institutions of this type exist in most German states, as well as Austria and Switzerland.
Austria-Hungary
See also: Hypo Noe LandesbankIn the Austro-Hungarian Empire under the rule of the Habsburg monarchy, Landesbanken were government-sponsored banks established in some of the kingdoms and lands of the crown:
- Landesbank des Königreichs Galizien und Lodomerien mit dem Grossherzogtum Krakau, est. 1883 in Lemberg (now Lviv) for the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria and the Grand Duchy of Kraków
- Landesbank des Königreiches Böhmen, est. 1890 in Prague for the Kingdom of Bohemia
- Landesbank für Bosnien und Herzegowina, est. 1895 in Sarajevo for Bosnia and Herzegovina under Austro-Hungarian rule
- Bukowinaer Landesbank, est. 1905 in Czernowitz (now Chernivtsi) for the Duchy of Bukovina
- Kroatische Landesbank, est. 1909 in Esseg (now Osijek) for the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
- Krainische Landesbank, est. 1912 in Laibach (now Ljubljana) for the Duchy of Carniola
By contrast, Vienna's Länderbank (est. 1880) and its short-lived affiliate the Ungarische Landesbank (1881-1887) were private-sector initiatives. The name Landesbank also survives in regional entities of the cooperative Raiffeisen Group in Austria and, similarly, the Raiffeisen Landesbank Südtirol – Cassa Centrale Raiffeisen dell'Alto Adige in the Italian region of South Tyrol.
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Former Galizische Landesbank in Lviv, 2015
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Former Böhmische Landesbank in Prague, 2020
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Former Bosnische Landesbank in Sarajevo, 2006
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Former Bukowinaer Landesbank in Chernivtsi, 2010
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Germany
The current Landesbanken are part of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe, one of the three pillars of Germany's banking system. Their business is predominantly wholesale banking, partly to serve local savings banks (German: Sparkassen). With a few exceptions, Landesbanken and Sparkassen are chartered by national and state banking laws to pursue a public purpose (German: öffentlicher Auftrag). As of late 2022, they are:
- Landesbank Baden-Württemberg (LBBW) in Stuttgart, covering Baden-Württemberg, Rhineland-Palatinate, and Saxony
- Bayerische Landesbank (BayernLB) in Munich, covering Bavaria
- Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen (Helaba) in Frankfurt and Erfurt, covering Brandenburg, Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia, and Thuringia
- Norddeutsche Landesbank (NORD/LB) in Hanover, covering Bremen, Hamburg, Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Saxony-Anhalt, and Schleswig-Holstein
- Landesbank Saar (SaarLB) in Saarbrücken, covering Saarland
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Logo of LBBW
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Logo of BayernLB
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Logo of Helaba
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Logo of NORD/LB
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Logo of SaarLB
Four other German institutions are named Landesbank without playing the role of the above five within the public sector:
- Landesbank Berlin (LBB) was converted into a joint-stock company (German: Aktiengesellschaft) in 2007, when the DSGV rescued it and took full ownership of its share capital; it is part of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe
- Hohenzollerische Landesbank Kreissparkasse Sigmaringen [de] is a local public savings bank, part of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe; its earliest predecessor was established in 1834 as Spar- und Leihkasse für das Fürstentum Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, and was renamed Hohenzollerische Landesbank Spar- und Leihkasse in 1930
- Kreissparkasse Birkenfeld [de], another local public savings bank within the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe, is also occasionally referred to as Birkenfelder Landesbank because one of its predecessor entities was a local branch of Oldenburgische Landesbank, opened in Birkenfeld in 1914
- Oldenburgische Landesbank (OLB, est. 1869) has always been a private-sector bank, controlled since 2017 by Apollo Global Management.
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Landesbank Berlin head office in Berlin, 2009
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Hohenzollerische Landesbank Kreissparkasse in Sigmaringen, 2015
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Kreissparkasse Birkenfeld in Idar-Oberstein, 2009
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Oldenburgische Landesbank in Oldenburg, 2010
Liechtenstein
The German name of the National Bank of Liechtenstein is Liechtensteinische Landesbank AG.
See also
- Cantonal banks, the Swiss equivalent of Landesbanken
- Bank of North Dakota
- Puerto Rico Government Development Bank
References
- Ulrich Nachbaur (2008), "Die Hypothekenbank des Landes Vorarlberg 1897 bis 1925" (PDF), Montfort: 54
- Bo Larsson (November 2014). "Czernowitz – Cernăuţi – Černivci" (PDF). Edgar Hauster. p. 24.
- Richard Deeg (1999), Finance Capitalism Unveiled: Banks and the German Political Economy, University of Michigan Press, doi:10.3998/mpub.15451, ISBN 9780472109364, JSTOR 10.3998/mpub.15451
- Stephan Kahl (9 February 2022). "Apollo-Backed German Lender OLB in Talks to Hire IPO Arrangers". Bloomberg.
External links
- http://www.faz.net (Bilanzsummen minus 1.809.100.000.000 Euro) (Stand September 2010) (Schuldenbremse Grundgesetz)
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