List of extraterrestrial volcanoes

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This is a list of active, dormant, and extinct volcanoes located beyond planet Earth. They may be designated mons (mountain), patera (an irregular crater) or tholus (small mountain or hill) in accordance with the International Astronomical Union's rules for planetary nomenclature. Many of them are nameless.

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (June 2010)

Io

Animation of eruption from Tvashtar Paterae (Io), taken from imagery from the New Horizons probe in 2007

Io, a moon of the planet Jupiter, is the most volcanically active body in the Solar System. Its volcanoes are believed to eject sulfur and sulfur dioxide, as well as basaltic and ultramafic silicate lavas.

Mars

Mars has many shield volcanoes, including the largest known volcano of the Solar System, but they are all dormant if not extinct.

The most famous of these volcanoes is Olympus Mons, which is the largest known volcano in the Solar System.

Venus

On Venus, volcanic features are very numerous and quite diverse, but, like on Mars, none are known to be currently active. These volcanoes range from several to several hundred kilometers in diameter; a majority of them are shield volcanoes. In addition, Venus has unusual types of volcanoes: pancake domes and scalloped margin domes. Most small volcanoes on Venus are nameless.

The Moon

Due to the low viscosity of most lunar lava, volcanic mountains were seldom created. Instead, basaltic lava flooded large areas, which became lunar maria. Shield volcanoes are known from a few areas on the Moon; they are called lunar domes. Some areas of the Moon are covered with a usually dark coating, which is interpreted as pyroclastic deposits. Sometimes they form a dark halo around rilles. See also:

Mercury

Many of Mercury's basins contain smooth plains, like the lunar mare, that are believed likely to be filled with lava flows. Collapse structures possibly indicative of volcanism have been found in some craters. Eleven volcanic domes were identified in Mariner 10 images, including a 1.4-km high dome near the centre of Odin Planitia.

Other planets and moons

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2024)

Saturn's moon Enceladus has fissures that spew water which have been photographed erupting by NASA's Cassini–Huygens spacecraft.
Reports from NASA's Cassini–Huygens mission indicate that Saturn's moon Titan probably has volcanoes that eject water (cryovolcanoes).
Triton, a moon of the planet Neptune, has cryovolcanic geysers that are believed to eject nitrogen, dust, or methane compounds, as well as possible cryovolcanic features.
Pluto has features that may be cryovolcanoes, including Wright Mons and nearby Piccard Mons.

References

"Io: Facts". science.nasa.gov.
Geissler, P. E.; McMillan, M. T. (2008). "Galileo observations of volcanic plumes on Io". Icarus. 197 (2): 505–18. Bibcode:2008Icar..197..505G. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2008.05.005.
"Olympus Mons Information". www.britannica.com. 1 July 2024.
MESSENGER views an intriguing crater Archived 2013-11-20 at the Wayback Machine, NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington, 2008-01-20.
Katterfeld, G. N. (1984). Volcanism on Mercury, Bulletin of Volcanology, Volume 47, Number 3, 531-535. doi:10.1007/BF01961224
"Cassini at Enceladus". science.nasa.gov.
"Evidence of Cryovolcanism on Titan". www.usgs.gov. 24 October 2018.
Schenk, Paul; Beddingfield, Chloe; Bertrand, Tanguy; et al. (September 2021). "Triton: Topography and Geology of a Probable Ocean World with Comparison to Pluto and Charon". Remote Sensing. 13 (17): 3476. Bibcode:2021RemS...13.3476S. doi:10.3390/rs13173476.
"At Pluto, Possible Ice Volcanoes Found". plute.jhuapl.edu. 9 November 2015.

External links

Extraterrestrial Volcanoes, Volcano World
Solar System Volcanoes, Volcano Live

v t e Volcano topics
Topics	Decade Volcanoes Prediction of volcanic activity Volcanic explosivity index Volcanic Seven Summits Volcanic winter Volcano Number Volcano observatory
Lists	Extraterrestrial volcanoes Large volume volcanic eruptions in the Basin and Range Province Large volcanic eruptions Largest volcanic eruptions Earth timeline Quaternary volcanic eruptions Volcanic eruption deaths

Mars

Outline of Mars

Geography

Atmosphere	Circulation Climate Dust devil tracks Methane
Regions	Arabia Terra Cerberus (Mars) Cydonia Eridania Lake Iani Chaos Olympia Undae Planum Australe Planum Boreum Quadrangles Sinus Meridiani Tempe Terra Terra Cimmeria Terra Sabaea Tharsis Undae Ultimi Scopuli Vastitas Borealis
Physical features	"Canals" (list) Canyons Catenae Chaos terrain Craters Fossae Gullies Mensae Labyrinthi Mountains by height Observed rocks Outflow channels Plains Valley network Valleys Gravity
Geology	Brain terrain Carbonates Chaos terrain Color Composition Concentric crater fill Dark slope streak Dichotomy Fretted terrain Geysers Glaciers Groundwater Gullies Lakes Lava tubes Lobate debris apron Marsquake Meteorites on Earth on Mars Mud cracks North Polar Basin Ocean theory Ore resources Polar caps polar wander Recurring slope lineae (RSL) Ring mold craters Rootless cones Seasonal flows Soil Spherules Surface "Swiss cheese" feature Terrain softening Tharsis bulge Volcanism Water Yardangs
History	Amazonian Hesperian Noachian Observation history Classical albedo features

Astronomy

Moons	Phobos Stickney crater Limtoc crater Monolith Deimos Swift crater Voltaire crater
Transits	Solar eclipses on Mars Satellite transits Phobos Deimos Planetary transits Earth Mercury
Asteroids	Impacts Mars-crossers 2007 WD5 Trojans 5261 Eureka 1998 VF₃₁ 1999 UJ₇ 2007 NS₂
Comets	C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)
General	Orbit

Exploration

Concepts	Flyby Orbiter Landing Rover Sample return Human mission Permanent settlement Colonization Terraforming
Missions	List of missions to Mars
Advocacy	The Mars Project The Case for Mars Inspiration Mars Foundation Mars Institute Mars Society Mars race

Venus

Outline of Venus

Geography

General

Regions

Regio	Alpha Regio Asteria Regio Beta Regio Ovda Regio
Terrae	Aphrodite Terra Ishtar Terra Lada Terra

Mountains
and
volcanoes

Plains and
plateaus

Canyons and
valleys

Craters

Other

Astronomy

General	Aspects Orbit Phases
Transits	1639 1761 1769 1874 1882 2004 2012
Asteroids	Venus-crosser asteroids Venus trojans Zoozve

Exploration

Past	Sputnik programme Sputnik 7 Venera program Venera 1 Sputnik 19 Sputnik 20 Sputnik 21 Kosmos 21 Venera 1964A Kosmos 27 Venera 2 Venera 3 Kosmos 96 Venera 4 Kosmos 167 Venera 5 Venera 6 Venera 7 Venera 8 Kosmos 482 Venera 9 Venera 10 Venera 11 Venera 12 Venera 13 Venera 14 Venera 15 Venera 16 Mariner program Mariner 1 Mariner 2 Mariner 5 Mariner 10 Zond program Zond 1 Pioneer Venus Pioneer Venus Orbiter / Pioneer 12 Pioneer Venus Multiprobe / Pioneer 13 Vega program Vega 1 Vega 2 Magellan IKAROS Shin'en Venus Express Akatsuki
Gravity Assists	Galileo Cassini–Huygens MESSENGER BepiColombo Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (planned) MBR Explorer (planned)
Planned	DAVINCI EnVision VERITAS Venus Orbiter Mission Venus Life Finder
Proposed	European Venus Explorer Venera-D VAMP VISE VISAGE VICI VOX
Proposed (crewed)	Colonization Inspiration Mars (flyby) Terraforming
Other	Geological mapping of Venus Artificial objects on Venus

v t e Moon
Outline
Physical properties	Internal structure Topography Atmosphere Gravity field Hill sphere Magnetic field Sodium tail Moonlight Earthshine
Orbit	Lunar distance Orbital elements Distance Perigee and apogee Libration Nodes Nodal period Precession Syzygy New moon Full moon Eclipses Lunar eclipse Total penumbral lunar eclipse Tetrad Solar eclipse Solar eclipses on the Moon Eclipse cycle Supermoon Tide Tidal force Tidal locking Tidal acceleration Tidal range Lunar station
Surface and features	Selenography Terminator Limb Hemispheres Near side Far side Poles North pole South pole Face Maria List Mountains Peak of eternal light Valleys Volcanic features Domes Calderas Lava tubes Craters List Ray systems Permanently shadowed craters South Pole–Aitken basin Soil swirls Rilles Wrinkle ridges Rocks Lunar basalt 70017 Changesite-(Y) Water Space weathering Micrometeorite Sputtering Quakes Transient lunar phenomenon Selenographic coordinate system
Science	Observation Libration Lunar theory Origin Giant-impact hypothesis Theia Lunar magma ocean Geology Timescale Late Heavy Bombardment Lunar meteorites KREEP Volcanism Experiments Lunar laser ranging ALSEP Lunar sample displays Apollo 11 Apollo 17 Lunar seismology
Exploration	Missions Apollo program Explorers Probes Landing Colonization Moonbase Tourism Lunar resources
Time-telling and navigation	Lunar calendar Lunisolar calendar Month Lunar month Nodal period Fortnight Sennight Lunar station Lunar distance
Phases and names	New Full Names Crescent Super and micro Blood Blue Black Dark Wet Tetrad
Daily phenomena	Moonrise Meridian passage Moonset
Related	Lunar deities Lunar effect Earth phase Moon illusion Pareidolia Man in the Moon Moon rabbit Craters named after people Artificial objects on the Moon Memorials on the Moon Moon in science fiction list Apollo era futuristic exploration Hollow Moon Moon landing conspiracy theories Moon Treaty "Moon is made of green cheese" Natural satellite Double planet Lilith (hypothetical second moon) Splitting of the Moon
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