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v t e

Philosophers (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically:

Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.

• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• Q
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• W
• X
• Y
• Z

• A–C
• D–H
• I–Q
• R–Z
• Notes
• References

D

• Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717–1783)
• Damascius (c. 462–540)
• Peter Damian (c. 1007–1072)
• Hubert Damisch (1928–2017)
• Arthur Danto (1924–2013)
• Charles Darwin (1809–1882)
• Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802)
• David of Dinant (12th century)
• David the Invincible (late 6th century)
• Donald Davidson (1917–2003)
• Angela Davis (born 1944)
• Jalal al-Din al-Dawani (1426–1502)
• Simone de Beauvoir (1908–1986)
• Bruno de Finetti (1906–1985)
• Daniel De Leon (1852–1914)
• Joseph de Maistre (1753–1821)
• Paul de Man (1919–1983)
• Augustus De Morgan (1806–1871)
• Francesco de Sanctis (1817–1883)
• Guy Debord (1931–1994)
• Régis Debray (born 1940)
• Richard Dedekind (1831–1916)
• Joseph Déjacque (1821–1865)
• Gilles Deleuze (1925–1995)
• Bernard Delfgaauw (1912–1993)
• Elijah Delmedigo (1460–1497)
• Giorgio Del Vecchio (1878–1970)
• Democritus (460–370 BC)
• Alain Deneault (born 1970)
• Daniel Dennett (1942-2024)
• Denys the Carthusian (or Denys de Leeuwis) (1402–1471)
• Jacques Derrida (1930–2004)
• René Descartes (1596–1650)
• Vincent Descombes (born 1943)
• Robert Desgabets (1610–1678)
• Antoine Destutt de Tracy (1754–1836)
• Paul Deussen (1845–1919)
• Alejandro Deustua (1849–1945)
• John Dewey (1859–1952)
• Dharmakirti (c. 7th century)
• Albert Venn Dicey (1835–1922)
• Denis Diderot (1713–1784)
• Dietrich of Freiberg (13th century)
• Joseph Dietzgen (1828–1888)
• Kenelm Digby (1603–1665)
• Dignaga (c. 480–c. 540)
• Wilhelm Dilthey (1833–1911)
• Hugo Dingler (1881–1954)
• Diodorus Cronus (3rd century BC)
• Diogenes Laërtius (3rd century)
• Diogenes of Apollonia (c. 460 BC)
• Diogenes of Babylon (c. 230–c. 150/140 BC)
• Diogenes of Oenoanda (2nd century)
• Diogenes the Cynic of Sinope (412–323 BC)
• Dogen Zenji (or Dōgen Kigen) (1200–1253)
• Dong Zhongshu (or Tung Chung-shu) (c. 176–c. 104)
• Herman Dooyeweerd (1894–1977)
• Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1821–1881)
• Frederick Douglass (1818–1895)
• Fred Dretske (1932–2013)
• Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch (1867–1941)
• W. E. B. Du Bois (1868–1963)
• Emil du Bois-Reymond (1818–1896)
• Jean-Baptiste Dubos (1670–1742)
• Émilie du Châtelet (1706–1749)
• Guillaume du Vair (1556–1621)
• Curt Ducasse (1881–1969)
• Pierre Duhem (1861–1916)
• Eugen Dühring (1833–1921)
• Michael Dummett (1925–2011)
• Raya Dunayevskaya (1910–1987)
• James Dunbar (1742–1798)
• Duns Scotus (c. 1266–1308)
• Profiat Duran (or Efodi or Isaac ben Moses Levi) (c. 1349–c. 1414)
• Simeon ben Zemah Duran (or Rashbaz) (1361–1444)
• Durandus of St. Pourçain (c. 1275–1334)
• Will Durant (1885–1981)
• Émile Durkheim (1858–1917)
• Enrique Dussel (1934–2023)
• Andrea Dworkin (1946–2005)
• Ronald Dworkin (1931–2013)

E

• Terry Eagleton (born 1943)
• Jonathan Earle (born 1970)
• John Earman (born 1942)
• Johann Augustus Eberhard (1739–1809)
• Meister Eckhart (1260–1327/8)
• Umberto Eco (1932–2016)
• Arthur Stanley Eddington (1882–1944)
• Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758)
• Paul Edwards (1923–2004)
• Christian von Ehrenfels (1856–1932)
• Albert Einstein (1879–1955)
• Mircea Eliade (1907–1986)
• Elias (6th century)
• George Eliot (1819–1880)
• T. S. Eliot (1888–1965)
• Elisabeth of Bohemia (1618–1680)
• Jon Elster (born 1940)
• Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)
• Empedocles (490 BC–430 BC)
• Friedrich Engels (1820–1895)
• Epicharmus (c. 540–450 BC)
• Epictetus (AD 55–c. 135)
• Epicurus (341 BC–270 BC)
• Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536)
• Johannes Scotus Eriugena (c. 800–c. 880)
• Rudolf Christoph Eucken (1846–1926)
• Eudoxus of Cnidus (410/408 BC–355 or 347 BC)
• Eusebius of Caesarea (264–339)
• Gareth Evans (1946–1980)

F

• Emil Fackenheim (1916–2003)
• Thome H. Fang (1899–1976)
• Frantz Fanon (1925–1961)
• Al-Farabi (870–950)
• Michael Faraday (1791–1867)
• Michelangelo Fardella (1646–1718)
• Raimundo de Farias Brito (1862–1917)
• Austin Marsden Farrer (1904–1968)
• Ruy Fausto (1935–2020)
• Fazang (or Fa-Tsang) (643–712)
• Gustav Fechner (1801–1887)
• Andrew Feenberg (born 1943)
• Herbert Feigl (1902–1988)
• Joel Feinberg (1926–2004)
• José Pablo Feinmann (1943–2021)
• Valentin Feldman (1909–1942)
• Margaret Fell (1614–1702)
• François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon (1651–1715)
• Feng Youlan (1895–1990)
• Adam Ferguson (1723–1816)
• Ann Ferguson (born 1938)
• Jose Ferrater-Mora (1912–1991)
• Luigi Ferri (1826–1895)
• James Frederick Ferrier (1808–1864)
• Friedrich Feuerbach (1806–1880)
• Ludwig Feuerbach (1804–1872)
• Paul Feyerabend (1924–1994)
• Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814)
• Marsilio Ficino (1433–1499)
• Hartry Field (born 1946)
• Robert Filmer (1588–1653)
• J. N. Findlay (1903–1987)
• Eugen Fink (1905–1975)
• John Finnis (born 1940)
• Joachim of Fiore (1135–1202)
• Kuno Fischer (1824–1907)
• Ronald Fisher (1890–1962)
• John Fiske (1842–1901)
• Richard FitzRalph (c. 1300–1360)
• Ludwik Fleck (1896–1961)
• Pavel Aleksandrovich Florenskii (1882–1937)
• Georges Florovsky (1893–1979)
• Robert Fludd (1574–1637)
• Jerry Fodor (1935–2017)
• Robert J. Fogelin (1932–2016)
• Dagfinn Føllesdal (born 1932)
• Benjamin Fondane (1898–1944)
• Pedro da Fonseca (1528–1599)
• Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle (1657–1757)
• Philippa Foot (1920–2010)
• David Fordyce (1711–1751)
• Michel Foucault (1926–1984)
• Simon Foucher (1644–1696)
• Alfred Fouillée (1838–1922)
• Charles Fourier (1772–1837)
• Francis of Marchia (c. 1290–c. 1344)
• Francis of Meyronnes (1285–1328)
• Sebastian Franck (1499–1542)
• Jerome Frank (1889–1957)
• Erich Frank (1883–1949)
• Semën Liudvigovich Frank (1877–1950)
• William K. Frankena (1908–1994)
• Harry Gordon Frankfurt (1929–2023)
• Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790)
• Nancy Fraser (born 1947)
• Michael Frede (1940–2007)
• Gottlob Frege (1848–1925)
• Hans Frei (1922–1988)
• Paulo Freire (1921–1997)
• Sigmund Freud (1856–1939)
• Jakob Friedrich Fries (1773–1843)
• Friedrich Fröbel (1782–1852)
• Erich Fromm (1900–1980)
• Marilyn Frye (born 1941)
• Fujiwara Seika (1561–1619)
• Lon L. Fuller (1902–1978)
• Richard Fumerton (born 1949)
• Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov (1828–1906)

G

• Gadadhara Bhattacharya (1604–1709)
• Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900–2002)
• Muammar Gaddafi (1941–2011)
• Gaius (110–180)
• Galen (131–201)
• Galileo Galilei (1564–1642)
• Pasquale Galluppi (1770–1846)
• Rafael Gambra Ciudad (1920–2004)
• Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948)
• Gangeśa (fl. c. 1325)
• Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange (1887–1964)
• Christian Garve (1742–1798)
• Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655)
• Marcel Gauchet (born 1946)
• Gaunilo (11th century)
• Aksapada Gautama (c. 2nd century BC)
• Siddhartha Gautama (or Buddha) (c. 563–483 BC)
• David Gauthier (born 1932)
• John Gay (1685–1732)
• Peter Geach (1919–2013)
• Arnold Gehlen (1904–1976)
• Antonio Genovesi (1712–1769)
• Ronald Giere
• Giovanni Gentile (1875–1944)
• Gerhard Gentzen (1909–1945)
• George of Trebizond (1395–1484)
• Gerard of Cremona (1114–1187)
• Gerard of Odo (or Gerald Odonis) (1290–1349)
• Alexander Gerard (1728–1795)
• Gerbert of Aurillac (or Pope Silvester II) (c. 950–1003)
• Giacinto Sigismondo Gerdil (1718–1802)
• Jean Gerson (1363–1429)
• Gersonides (or Levi ben Gershon) (1288–1344)
• Edmund Gettier (1927–2021)
• Arnold Geulincx (1624–1669)
• Alan Gewirth (1912–2004)
• Joseph Geyser (1869–1948)
• Al-Ghazali (1058–1111)
• Allan Gibbard (born 1942)
• Edward Gibbon (1737–1794)
• Josiah Gibbs (1839–1903)
• Gilbert of Poitiers (1070–1154)
• Giles of Rome (c. 1243–1316)
• Étienne Gilson (1884–1978)
• Asher Ginsberg (or Ahad Ha'am) (1856–1927)
• Vincenzo Gioberti (1801–1852)
• Joseph Glanvill (1636–1680)
• Jonathan Glover (born 1941)
• Arthur de Gobineau (1816–1882)
• Rudolph Goclenius (1547–1628)
• Kurt Gödel (1906–1978)
• Godfrey of Fontaines (c. 1250–1309)
• William Godwin (1756–1836)
• Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749–1832)
• Friedrich Gogarten (1887–1968)
• Alvin Goldman (born 1938)
• Lucien Goldmann (1913–1970)
• Gongsun Longzi (c. 300 BC)
• Nelson Goodman (1906–1998)
• Gorampa (1429–1489)
• Gorgias (c. 483–375 BC)
• André Gorz (1923–2007)
• Johann Christoph Gottsched (1700–1766)
• Marie de Gournay (1565–1645)
• Baltasar Gracián y Morales (1601–1658)
• Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937)
• Asa Gray (1810–1888)
• John Gray (born 1948)
• Hilary Greaves (born 1978)
• Thomas Hill Green (1836–1882)
• Pope Gregory I (540–604)
• Gregory of Nazianzus (329–389)
• Gregory of Nyssa (c. 335–398)
• Gregory of Rimini (d. 1358)
• Herbert Paul Grice (1913–1988)
• James Griffin (1933–2019)
• Germain Grisez (1929–2018)
• Robert Grosseteste (1175–1253)
• Reinhardt Grossmann (1931–2010)
• John Grote (1813–1866)
• Hugo Grotius (1583–1645)
• Adolf Grunbaum (1923–2018)
• Karl Grün (1817–1887)
• Boris Grushin (1929–2007)
• Guan Zhong (or Kuan Tzu or Kwan Chung or Guanzi) (740–645 BC)
• Félix Guattari (1930–1992)
• Ernesto "Che" Guevara (1928–1967)
• Guo Xiang (c. 252–312)
• Edmund Gurney (1847–1888)
• Aron Gurwitsch (1901–1973)

H

• Susan Haack (born 1945)
• Jürgen Habermas (born 1929)
• Ian Hacking (born 1936)
• Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919)
• Axel Anders Theodor Hagerstrom (1868–1939)
• Martin Hägglund (born 1976)
• Yehuda Halevi (c. 1085–1141)
• Johann Georg Hamann (1730–1788)
• Octave Hamelin (1856–1907)
• Sir William Hamilton (1788–1856)
• David Walter Hamlyn (1924–2012)
• Stuart Hampshire (1914–2004)
• Agon Hamza (born 1984)
• Hassan Hanafi (1935–2021)
• Han Feizi (died 233 BC)
• Han Yu (768–824)
• Alastair Hannay (born 1932)
• Eduard Hanslick (1825–1904)
• Norwood Russell Hanson (1922–1967)
• Sandra Harding (born 1935)
• Michael Hardt (born 1960)
• R. M. Hare (1919–2002)
• Gilbert Harman (1938–2021)
• Adolf von Harnack (1851–1930)
• James Harrington (1611–1677)
• Sam Harris (born 1967)
• William Torrey Harris (1835–1909)
• H. L. A. Hart (1907–1992)
• David Hartley (1705–1757)
• Eduard Von Hartmann (1842–1906)
• Nicolai Hartmann (1882–1950)
• Charles Hartshorne (1897–2000)
• William Harvey (1578–1657)
• Seiichi Hatano (1877–1950)
• Hayashi Razan (1583–1657)
• Friedrich Hayek (1899–1992)
• William Hazlitt (1778–1830)
• Christian Friedrich Hebbel (1813–1863)
• G.W.F. Hegel (1770–1831)
• Martin Heidegger (1889–1976)
• Karl Heim (1874–1958)
• Michael Heinrich (born 1957)
• Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976)
• Virginia Held (born 1929)
• Ágnes Heller (1929–2019)
• Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–1894)
• Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont (1614–1698)
• Claude Adrien Helvétius (1715–1771)
• Carl Gustav Hempel (1905–1997)
• Frans Hemsterhuis (1721–1790)
• Henricus Regius (1598–1679)
• Henry of Ghent (c. 1217–1293)
• Henry of Harclay (1270–1317)
• Michel Henry (1922–2002)
• Ronald William Hepburn (1927–2008)
• Heraclides Ponticus (387–312 BC)
• Heraclitus of Ephesus (c. 535–475 BC)
• Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776–1841)
• Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury (1583–1648)
• Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803)
• Abraham Cohen de Herrera (or Alonso Nunez de Herrera or Abraham Irira), (1562–1635)
• John Herschel (1792–1871)
• Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1857–1894)
• Hervaeus Natalis (1250–1323)
• Alexander Herzen (1812–1870)
• Abraham Joshua Heschel (1907–1972)
• Hesiod (c. 700 BC)
• Moses Hess (1812–1875)
• Boris M. Hessen (1893–1936)
• Sergei Iosifovich Hessen (1887–1950)
• William of Heytesbury (or Hentisberus or Hentisberi or Tisberi), (1313–1373)
• John Hick (1922–2012)
• Laurens Perseus Hickok (1798–1888)
• Hierocles the Stoic (2nd century)
• David Hilbert (1862–1943)
• Hildegard of Bingen (1098–1179)
• Hillel ben Samuel of Verona (1220–1295)
• Hermann Friedrich Wilhelm Hinrichs (1794–1861)
• Jaakko Hintikka (1929–2015)
• Hipparchia of Maroneia (c. 350 BC – c. 280 BC)
• Hippias (5th century BC)
• Hippocrates (460–380 BC)
• Ho Chi Minh (1890–1969)
• Ho Yen (190–249)
• Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679)
• Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse (1864–1929)
• William Ernest Hocking (1873–1966)
• Shadworth Hodgson (1832–1912)
• Harald Høffding (1843–1931)
• Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld (1879–1918)
• Baron d'Holbach (1723–1789)
• Robert Holcot (1290–1349)
• Friedrich Hölderlin (1770–1843)
• John Holloway (sociologist) (born 1947)
• Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (1841–1935)
• Edwin Holt (1873–1946)
• Henry Home, Lord Kames (1696–1782)
• Homer (c. 700 BC)
• Richard Hönigswald (1875–1947)
• Sidney Hook (1902–1989)
• Brad Hooker (born 1957)
• Richard Hooker (1554–1600)
• Max Horkheimer (1895–1973)
• Jennifer Hornsby (born 1951)
• Paul Horwich (born 1947)
• George Howison (1834–1916)
• Hsi K'ang (223–262)
• Hsiung Shih-li (1885–1968)
• Hsu Fu-kuan (1903–1982)
• Hsu Hsing (c. 300 BC)
• Hu Hung (or Wu-Feng) (1100–1155)
• Hu Shih (1891–1962)
• Huai Nun Tzu (or Liu An) (179–122 BC)
• Huang Zongxi (or Huang Tsung-hsi) (1610–1695)
• Pierre Daniel Huet (1630–1721)
• Friedrich von Hügel (1852–1925)
• Hugh of St Victor (c. 1078–1141)
• Hui Shi (4th century BC)
• Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835)
• David Hume (1711–1776)
• Jan Hus (1369–1415)
• Edmund Husserl (1859–1938)
• Francis Hutcheson (1694–1746)
• James Hutton (1726–1797)
• Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895)
• Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695)
• Hypatia of Alexandria (370–415)
• Jean Hyppolite (1907–1968)

Contents

List of philosophers

(A–C)

(D–H)

(I–Q)

(R–Z)

Notes

1. The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, (Second Edition). Cambridge University Press; 1999. ISBN 0-521-63722-8
2. Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Second Edition). Martin Gale; 2006. ISBN 0-02-865780-2
3. The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford University Press; 1995. ISBN 0-19-866132-0
4. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Routledge; 1998. ISBN 978-0-415-07310-3
5. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. October 2, 2020

References

1. http://openanthropology.org/libya/gaddafi-green-book.pdf
2. "Sam Harris | Home of the Making Sense Podcast". Sam Harris. Retrieved 2022-04-06.
3. "Sam Harris - Author, Philosopher, and Podcast Host : Meaning of Life". Good Question. 2021-09-17. Retrieved 2022-04-06.

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