| Lysiphlebus | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Braconidae |
| Subfamily: | Aphidiinae |
| Genus: | Lysiphlebus Förster, 1862 |
Lysiphlebus is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Braconidae.
The genus has a near cosmopolitan distribution.
Species:
- Lysiphlebus alpinus Stary, 1971
- Lysiphlebus balcanicus Stary, 1998
- Lysiphlebus cardui Marshall, 1896
- Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay & Eady, 1978
- Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall, 1896
- Lysiphlebus testaceipes Cresson, 1880
Reproduction
Most Lysiphlebus species are haplodiploid, like other Hymenoptera. However, all-female lineages are common in some Lysiphlebus-taxa including L. fabarum, L. cardui and L. confusus.
In these asexual lineages, females can reproduce by a parthenogenetic mechanism, i.e. thelytoky, that involves automixis with central fusion.
The genetic system underlying sex determination in Lysiphlebus is "complementary sex determination", similar to the cape honey bee (see Haplodiploidy § Sex determination in honey bees). Unlike honey bees, however, the Lysiphlebus complementary sex determiner gene is thought to be present in multiple copies.
Asexual females may occasionally produce diploid males, which when mated with sexual females, can convert sexual into asexual lineages, a process which has been dubbed "contagious parthenogenesis".
Ecology
Like other Aphidiinae, Lysiphlebus are endoparasitoids of aphids. They lay their eggs inside the body of aphids, where their larvae develop, eventually spinning a mummy-like cocoon inside its remains.
Most Lysiphlebus species specialize in attacking ant-defended aphid colonies. They avoid attack by the ants through chemical mimicry of the aphid cuticular hydrocarbons.
References
- ^ "Lysiphlebus Förster, 1862". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- Cook, James M. (October 1993). "Sex determination in the Hymenoptera: a review of models and evidence". Heredity. 71 (4): 421–435. doi:10.1038/hdy.1993.157. ISSN 1365-2540.
- Sandrock, Christoph; Schirrmeister, Bettina E.; Vorburger, Christoph (2011-12-01). "Evolution of reproductive mode variation and host associations in a sexual-asexual complex of aphid parasitoids". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1): 348. Bibcode:2011BMCEE..11..348S. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-348. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3259107. PMID 22132834.
- Belshaw R, Quicke DL. The cytogenetics of thelytoky in a predominantly asexual parasitoid wasp with covert sex. Genome. 2003 Feb;46(1):170-3. doi: 10.1139/g02-112. PMID 12669810
- Gempe, Tanja; Hasselmann, Martin; Schiøtt, Morten; Hause, Gerd; Otte, Marianne; Beye, Martin (2009-10-20). "Sex Determination in Honeybees: Two Separate Mechanisms Induce and Maintain the Female Pathway". PLOS Biology. 7 (10): e1000222. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000222. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 2758576. PMID 19841734.
- Matthey-Doret, Cyril; van der Kooi, Casper J; Jeffries, Daniel L; Bast, Jens; Dennis, Alice B; Vorburger, Christoph; Schwander, Tanja (2019-10-01). Mank, Judith (ed.). "Mapping of Multiple Complementary Sex Determination Loci in a Parasitoid Wasp". Genome Biology and Evolution. 11 (10): 2954–2962. doi:10.1093/gbe/evz219. ISSN 1759-6653. PMC 6821247. PMID 31596478.
- Engelstädter, Jan; Sandrock, Christoph; Vorburger, Christoph (2011). "Contagious Parthenogenesis, Automixis, and a Sex Determination Meltdown". Evolution. 65 (2): 501–511. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01145.x. PMID 21029077. S2CID 7035178. Retrieved 2024-03-10.
- ^ Völkl, W. (1997), Dettner, Konrad; Bauer, Gerhard; Völkl, Wolfgang (eds.), "Interactions Between Ants and Aphid Parasitoids: Patterns and Consequences for Resource Utilization", Vertical Food Web Interactions: Evolutionary Patterns and Driving Forces, Ecological Studies, vol. 130, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 225–240, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60725-7_13, ISBN 978-3-642-60725-7, retrieved 2024-03-10
- Völkl, W.; Mackauer, M. (1993-05-01). "Interactions between ants attendingAphis fabae ssp.cirsiiacanthoidis on thistles and foraging parasitoid wasps". Journal of Insect Behavior. 6 (3): 301–312. Bibcode:1993JIBeh...6..301V. doi:10.1007/BF01048111. ISSN 1572-8889. S2CID 10690924.