Monogenic obesity is excess weight caused by a mutation in a single gene, as opposed to syndromic obesity not tied to a single gene variation and most obesity, which is caused by multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. Monogenetic obesity mostly affects the hypothalamus and leptin–melanocortin system (see hypothalamic obesity). However, it accounts for less than 5 percent of severe obesity cases. Known mutations leading to monogenetic obesity include:
- Leptin deficiency
- Leptin receptor deficiency
- Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R)
- Proopiomelanocortin (POMC
- Prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3)
- SIM1
- BDNF
- NTRK2
References
- Ranadive, Sayali A.; Vaisse, Christian (September 2008). "Lessons from Extreme Human Obesity: Monogenic Disorders". Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America. 37 (3): 733–751. doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2008.07.003. ISSN 0889-8529. PMC 5877402. PMID 18775361.
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