 | This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Ng" Arabic letter – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
| Ng | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ڭ ݣ | |||
| Usage | |||
| Writing system | Arabic script | ||
| Type | Abjad | ||
| Language of origin | Ottoman Turkish | ||
| Sound values | [ŋ] | ||
| In Unicode | U+0763, U+06AD | ||
| History | |||
| Development |
| ||
| Sisters | |||
| Other | |||
| Writing direction | Right-to-left | ||
| This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between , / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. | |||
| Arabic alphabet |
|---|
|
Arabic script |
Ng or Naf (ݣ or ڭ) is an additional letter of the Arabic script, derived from kāf (ك ک) with the addition of three dots above the letter. The letter was used in Ottoman Turkish to represent a velar /ŋ/ and is still used for /ŋ/ when writing Turkic languages.
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ݣ | ـݣ | ـݣـ | ݣـ |
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ڭ | ـڭ | ـڭـ | ڭـ |
Usage
In Ottoman Turkish, it represented the velar /ŋ/. An example is the word däŋiz (دڭز, 'sea'). The letter is used or has been used to write /ŋ/ in:
It is also used in Moroccan Arabic for /ɡ/.
The Xiao'erjing script variant ݣ is used to spell /ŋ/ in Sinitic languages such as Mandarin (especially the Lanyin, Zhongyuan and Northeastern dialects) and the Dungan language.
Other characters used to represent /ŋ/
Southeast Asian nga
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ڠ | ـڠ | ـڠـ | ڠـ |
This letter, derived from ghayn (غ), is used to represent /ŋ/ in:
- the Jawi script, for
- the Pegon script, for
- Arabic Afrikaans, for Afrikaans historically, called ngīn (IPA: [ŋiːn])
Wolof ngōn
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ݝ | ـݝ | ـݝـ | ݝـ |
This letter is also derived from ghayn. Called ngōn (IPA: [ŋɔːn]), it is used in the Wolofal alphabet to represent /ŋ/ in the Wolof language. Two variants of kāf were also used: ڭ as in Turkic, and ݤ below.
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ݤ | ـݤ | ـݤـ | ݤـ |
Sindhi ngāf
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ڱ | ـڱ | ـڱـ | ڱـ |
Derived from the Perso-Arabic gāf (گ) and called ngāf [ŋäːf], is used in Sindhi for /ŋ/ when written in the Arabic script.
Tamil nga
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ࢳ | ـࢳ | ـࢳـ | ࢳـ |
This letter is also derived from ghayn, with three dots inside the descender, to represent /ŋ/ in the Arwi script used for Tamil.
See also
References
- Daftar Kata Bahasa Melayu Rumi-Sebutan-Jawi, Dewan Bahasa Pustaka, 5th printing, 2006.
- Priest, Lorna A; Hosken, Martin; SIL International (12 August 2010). "Proposal to add Arabic script characters for African and Asian languages" (PDF). pp. 13–18, 34–37.
- Currah, Galien (26 August 2015) ORTHOGRAPHE WOLOFAL. Link (Archive)