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PARD3
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2KOM
Identifiers
Aliases	PARD3, ASIP, Baz, PAR3, PAR3alpha, PARD-3, PARD3A, PPP1R118, SE2-5L16, SE2-5LT1, SE2-5T2, par-3 family cell polarity regulator
External IDs	OMIM: 606745; MGI: 2135608; HomoloGene: 10489; GeneCards: PARD3; OMA:PARD3 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 10 (human) Band 10p11.22-p11.21 Start 34,109,560 bp End 34,815,325 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 8 (mouse) Band 8 E2|8 74.66 cM Start 127,790,643 bp End 128,338,767 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in secondary oocyte skin of abdomen skin of leg buccal mucosa cell gingival epithelium nipple mucosa of pharynx Achilles tendon internal globus pallidus gastric mucosa Top expressed in esophagus lip tail of embryo secondary oocyte conjunctival fornix transitional epithelium of urinary bladder genital tubercle ventricular zone hand cornea More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate binding protein binding phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding protein phosphatase binding phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate binding lipid binding identical protein binding phosphatidylinositol binding Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol membrane cell-cell junction bicellular tight junction plasma membrane axonal growth cone internode region of axon cell junction soma cell cortex cytoskeleton endomembrane system adherens junction protein-containing complex apical plasma membrane apical junction complex Biological process establishment of epithelial cell polarity cell differentiation axonogenesis protein targeting to membrane negative regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation myelination in peripheral nervous system cell division establishment or maintenance of cell polarity positive regulation of myelination regulation of cellular localization protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway asymmetric cell division bicellular tight junction assembly cell cycle transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway protein-containing complex assembly microtubule cytoskeleton organization cell adhesion protein localization establishment of cell polarity establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity establishment of centrosome localization Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 56288 93742 Ensembl ENSG00000148498 ENSMUSG00000025812 UniProt Q8TEW0 Q99NH2 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001184785 NM_001184786 NM_001184787 NM_001184788 NM_001184789 NM_001184790 NM_001184791 NM_001184792 NM_001184793 NM_001184794 NM_019619 NM_001013580 NM_001013581 NM_001122850 NM_033620 NM_001309391 NM_001309392 NM_001363431 NM_001363432 RefSeq (protein) NP_001171714 NP_001171715 NP_001171716 NP_001171717 NP_001171718 NP_001171719 NP_001171720 NP_001171721 NP_001171722 NP_001171723 NP_062565 NP_001013598 NP_001013599 NP_001116322 NP_001296320 NP_001296321 NP_296369 NP_001350360 NP_001350361 Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 34.11 – 34.82 Mb Chr 8: 127.79 – 128.34 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
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Partitioning defective 3 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PARD3 gene.

Function

PARD proteins, which were first identified in C. elegans, are essential for asymmetric cell division and polarized growth, whereas CDC42 (MIM 116952) mediates the establishment of cell polarity. The CDC42 GTPase, which is controlled by nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs; see MIM 606057) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs; see MIM 604980), interacts with a large set of effector proteins that typically contain a CDC42/RAC (MIM 602048)-interactive binding (CRIB) domain.

Interactions

PARD3 has been shown to interact with:

• JAM2,
• JAM3,
• PRKCI, and
• PVRL3.

References

1. ^ GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000148498 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. ^ GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000025812 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Joberty G, Petersen C, Gao L, Macara IG (Oct 2000). "The cell-polarity protein Par6 links Par3 and atypical protein kinase C to Cdc42". Nat Cell Biol. 2 (8): 531–9. doi:10.1038/35019573. PMID 10934474. S2CID 27139234.
6. ^ "Entrez Gene: PARD3 par-3 partitioning defective 3 homolog (C. elegans)".
7. ^ Ebnet K, Aurrand-Lions M, Kuhn A, Kiefer F, Butz S, Zander K, Meyer zu Brickwedde MK, Suzuki A, Imhof BA, Vestweber D (Oct 2003). "The junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) family members JAM-2 and JAM-3 associate with the cell polarity protein PAR-3: a possible role for JAMs in endothelial cell polarity". J. Cell Sci. 116 (Pt 19): 3879–91. doi:10.1242/jcs.00704. PMID 12953056.
8. Kohjima M, Noda Y, Takeya R, Saito N, Takeuchi K, Sumimoto H (Dec 2002). "PAR3beta, a novel homologue of the cell polarity protein PAR3, localizes to tight junctions". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 299 (4): 641–6. doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02698-0. PMID 12459187.
9. Takekuni K, Ikeda W, Fujito T, Morimoto K, Takeuchi M, Monden M, Takai Y (Feb 2003). "Direct binding of cell polarity protein PAR-3 to cell-cell adhesion molecule nectin at neuroepithelial cells of developing mouse". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (8): 5497–500. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200707200. PMID 12515806.

Further reading

• Johansson A, Driessens M, Aspenström P (2000). "The mammalian homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans polarity protein PAR-6 is a binding partner for the Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1". J. Cell Sci. 113 (18): 3267–75. doi:10.1242/jcs.113.18.3267. PMID 10954424.
• Eichmuller S, Usener D, Dummer R, Stein A, Thiel D, Schadendorf D (2001). "Serological detection of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated antigens". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (2): 629–34. doi:10.1073/pnas.021386498. PMC 14639. PMID 11149944.
• Suzuki A, Yamanaka T, Hirose T, Manabe N, Mizuno K, Shimizu M, Akimoto K, Izumi Y, Ohnishi T, Ohno S (2001). "Atypical protein kinase C is involved in the evolutionarily conserved par protein complex and plays a critical role in establishing epithelia-specific junctional structures". J. Cell Biol. 152 (6): 1183–96. doi:10.1083/jcb.152.6.1183. PMC 2199212. PMID 11257119.
• Noda Y, Takeya R, Ohno S, Naito S, Ito T, Sumimoto H (2001). "Human homologues of the Caenorhabditis elegans cell polarity protein PAR6 as an adaptor that links the small GTPases Rac and Cdc42 to atypical protein kinase C." Genes Cells. 6 (2): 107–19. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.2001.00404.x. PMID 11260256. S2CID 8789941.
• Ebnet K, Suzuki A, Horikoshi Y, Hirose T, Meyer Zu Brickwedde MK, Ohno S, Vestweber D (2001). "The cell polarity protein ASIP/PAR-3 directly associates with junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)". EMBO J. 20 (14): 3738–48. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.14.3738. PMC 125258. PMID 11447115.
• Fang CM, Xu YH (2002). "Down-regulated expression of atypical PKC-binding domain deleted asip isoforms in human hepatocellular carcinomas". Cell Res. 11 (3): 223–9. doi:10.1038/sj.cr.7290090. PMID 11642408.
• Gao L, Macara IG, Joberty G (2003). "Multiple splice variants of Par3 and of a novel related gene, Par3L, produce proteins with different binding properties". Gene. 294 (1–2): 99–107. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00681-9. PMID 12234671.
• Kohjima M, Noda Y, Takeya R, Saito N, Takeuchi K, Sumimoto H (2003). "PAR3beta, a novel homologue of the cell polarity protein PAR3, localizes to tight junctions". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 299 (4): 641–6. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02698-0. PMID 12459187.
• Takekuni K, Ikeda W, Fujito T, Morimoto K, Takeuchi M, Monden M, Takai Y (2003). "Direct binding of cell polarity protein PAR-3 to cell-cell adhesion molecule nectin at neuroepithelial cells of developing mouse". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (8): 5497–500. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200707200. PMID 12515806.
• Warner DR, Pisano MM, Roberts EA, Greene RM (2003). "Identification of three novel Smad binding proteins involved in cell polarity". FEBS Lett. 539 (1–3): 167–73. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00155-8. PMID 12650946.
• Brajenovic M, Joberty G, Küster B, Bouwmeester T, Drewes G (2004). "Comprehensive proteomic analysis of human Par protein complexes reveals an interconnected protein network". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (13): 12804–11. doi:10.1074/jbc.M312171200. PMID 14676191.
• Navarro-Lérida I, Martínez Moreno M, Roncal F, Gavilanes F, Albar JP, Rodríguez-Crespo I (2004). "Proteomic identification of brain proteins that interact with dynein light chain LC8". Proteomics. 4 (2): 339–46. doi:10.1002/pmic.200300528. PMID 14760703. S2CID 8868600.
• Brill LM, Salomon AR, Ficarro SB, Mukherji M, Stettler-Gill M, Peters EC (2004). "Robust phosphoproteomic profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation sites from human T cells using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry". Anal. Chem. 76 (10): 2763–72. doi:10.1021/ac035352d. PMID 15144186.
• Liu XF, Ishida H, Raziuddin R, Miki T (2004). "Nucleotide exchange factor ECT2 interacts with the polarity protein complex Par6/Par3/protein kinase Czeta (PKCzeta) and regulates PKCzeta activity". Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 (15): 6665–75. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.15.6665-6675.2004. PMC 444862. PMID 15254234.
• Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villén J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP (2004). "Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (33): 12130–5. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10112130B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0404720101. PMC 514446. PMID 15302935.
• Jin J, Smith FD, Stark C, Wells CD, Fawcett JP, Kulkarni S, Metalnikov P, O'Donnell P, Taylor P, Taylor L, Zougman A, Woodgett JR, Langeberg LK, Scott JD, Pawson T (2004). "Proteomic, functional, and domain-based analysis of in vivo 14-3-3 binding proteins involved in cytoskeletal regulation and cellular organization". Curr. Biol. 14 (16): 1436–50. Bibcode:2004CBio...14.1436J. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.07.051. PMID 15324660.

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