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Pholidophoridae Temporal range: Anisian–Norian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Fossil of Pholidorhynchodon malzanni
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	†Pholidophoriformes
Family:	†Pholidophoridae Woodward, 1890
Genera
†Annaichthys Arratia, 2013 †Ceneichthys Taverne & Capasso, 2015 †Eopholidophorus Zambelli, 1989 †Knerichthys Arratia, 2013 †Lombardichthys Arratia, 2017 †Malingichthys Tintori et al., 2015 †Parapholidophorus Zambelli, 1975 †Pholidoctenus Zambelli, 1977 †Pholidophoretes Griffith, 1977 †Pholidophorus Agassiz, 1832 (Type) †Pholidorhynchodon Zambelli, 1980 †Pseudopholidoctenus Arratia & Schultze, 2024 †Zambellichthys Arratia, 2013

Pholidophoridae is an extinct family of primitive stem-teleost fish that lived during the Triassic period, from the Anisian age of the Middle Triassic to the Norian age of the Late Triassic. Most of the genera are from Europe, but one (Malingichthys) is known from China. The pholidophorids were historically united with several other stem-teleost lineages into the order Pholidophoriformes, but Pholidophoriformes in its traditional sense is now considered paraphyletic with respect to crown group teleosts.

Phylogeny

Below is a cladogram simplified after Bean (2021):

References

1. Taverne, L. (2018). "The Mesozoic fish genus Pholidophorus (Teleostei, Pholidophoriformes), with an osteological study of the type-species Pholidophorus latiusculus. Comments on some problems concerning the "pholidophoriform" fishes" (PDF). Geo-Eco-Trop. 42 (1): 89–116.
2. Arratia, G.; Schultze, H.-P. (2024). "The oldest teleosts (Teleosteomorpha): their early taxonomic, phenotypic, and ecological diversification during the Triassic". Fossil Record. 27 (1): 29–53. doi:10.3897/fr.27.115970.
3. ^ Arratia, G. (2017). "New Triassic teleosts (Actinopterygii, Teleosteomorpha) from northern Italy and their phylogenetic relationships among the most basal teleosts". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 37 (2): e1312690. Bibcode:2017JVPal..37E2690A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1312690. S2CID 89773927.
4. Arratia, G. (2013). "Morphology, taxonomy, and phylogeny of Triassic pholidophorid fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (sup1): 1–138. Bibcode:2013JVPal..33S...1A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.835642. S2CID 86605978.
5. Bean, L. B. (2021). "Revision of the Mesozoic freshwater fish clade Archaeomaenidae". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 45 (2): 217–259. doi:10.1080/03115518.2021.1937700. S2CID 237518065.

v t e Teleostei sensu de Pinna, 1996 (= Teleosteomorpha)
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Subclass: Neopterygii Actinopterygii see Actinopterygii Neopterygii see Neopterygii Teleostei see below↓
Teleostei Teleostei †Atacamichthys †Baleiichthys †Barschichthys †Bunoderma †Ceramurus †Diplospondichthys? †Dorsetichthys †Elpistoichthys †Eurycormus †Galkinia †Grimmenichthys †Hengnania †Hulettia? †Hungkiichthys †Ichthyokentema †Jialingichthys †Ligulella †Luxembourgichthys †Majokia †Marcopoloichthys †Neobaleiichthys †Oligopleurus? †Pholidophorichthys †Pholidophoroides †Pholidophoropsis †Prohalecites †Ruedersdorfia †Seefeldia †Seinstedtia †Signeuxella †Pachycormidae Eugnathides? Euthynotus Haasichthys Notodectes Pseudoasthenocormus Sauropsis Hypsocorminae Australopachycormus Hypsocormus Kaykay Orthocormus Protosphyraena Simocormus Asthenocorminae Asthenocormus Bonnerichthys Germanostomus Leedsichthys Martillichthys Ohmdenia Pachycormus? Rhinconichthys Saurostomus †Aspidorhynchidae Aspidorhynchus Belonostomus Jonoichthys Pseudovinctifer Richmondichthys Vinctifer †Pholidophoridae sensu stricto Annaichthys Ceneichthys Eopholidophorus Knerichthys Lombardichthys Malingichthys Parapholidophorus Pholidoctenus Pholidophoretes Pholidophorus Pholidorhynchodon Pseudopholidoctenus Zambellichthys †Archaeomaenidae Aphnelepis Archaeomaene Gurvanichthys Oreochima Wadeichthys Zaxilepis †Siyuichthyidae Bogdaichthys Dsungarichthys Manasichthys Siyuichthys Wukangia †Pleuropholidae Austropleuropholis Gondwanapleuropholis Parapleuropholis Pleuropholis Zurupleuropholis †Ankylophoridae Ankylophorus Lehmanophorus Neopholidophoropsis Pholidophoristion Siemensichthys Songaichthys Steurbautichthys †Catervariolidae Catervariolus Kisanganichthys Songanella Cycloid clade †Antofagastaichthys †Araripichthys †Cavenderichthys †Koonwarria? †Luisiella †Paraclupavus †Pholidolepis? †Todiltia †Waldmanichthys †Leptolepididae Leptolepis Longileptolepis Proleptolepis †Ascalaboidae Ascalabos Ebertichthys Tharsis †Crossognathiformes see Crossognathiformes †Ichthyodectiformes see Ichthyodectiformes Crown-Teleostei see below↓
Crown-Teleostei Elopomorpha see Elopomorpha †Orthogonikleithridae Cavenderichthys? Leptolepides Orthogonikleithrus Waldmanichthys? Osteoglossomorpha see Osteoglossomorpha †Tselfatiiformes Eoplethodus Protobramidae Abisaadichthys Eusebichthys Protobrama Plethodidae Bachea Bananogmius Concavotectum Dixonanogmius Enischnorhynchus Luxilites Martinichthys Moorevillia Niobrara Paranogmius Pentanogmius Plethodus Pseudonogmius Pseudothryptodus Rhamphoichthys Syntegmodus Thryptodus Tselfatia Zanclites Clupeocephala Otocephala Euteleostei

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• Pholidophoridae
• Teleostei families
• Anisian first appearances
• Norian extinctions
• Taxa named by Arthur Smith Woodward
• Prehistoric ray-finned fish stubs
• Triassic fish stubs