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Fossa in the skull
Pterygopalatine fossa
Left maxillary sinus opened from the exterior.
Human skull with entrance to pterygopalatine fossa marked in red
In human anatomy, the pterygopalatine fossa (sphenopalatine fossa) is a fossa in the skull. A human skull contains two pterygopalatine fossae—one on the left side, and another on the right side. Each fossa is a cone-shaped paired depression deep to the infratemporal fossa and posterior to the maxilla on each side of the skull, located between the pterygoid process and the maxillary tuberosity close to the apex of the orbit. It is the indented area medial to the pterygomaxillary fissure leading into the sphenopalatine foramen. It communicates with the nasal and oral cavities, infratemporal fossa, orbit, pharynx, and middle cranial fossa through eight foramina.
the maxillary nerve (CN V2, the second division of the trigeminal nerve), with which is the nerve of the pterygoid canal, a combination of the greater petrosal nerve (preganglionic parasympathetic) and the deep petrosal nerve (postganglionic sympathetic). To obtain block anesthesia of the entire second division of the trigeminal nerve, an intraoral injection can be administered into this area.
Left maxillary sinus opened from the exterior.
Human skull with entrance to pterygopalatine fossa marked in red
Alveolar branches of superior maxillary nerve and pterygopalatine ganglion
The pterygopalatine ganglion and its branches
Pterygopalatine fossa in a dog
Pterygopalatine fossa
