| Yinwum | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Australia |
| Region | Cape York Peninsula, Queensland |
| Ethnicity | Yinwum, ?Nyuwathayi |
| Extinct | By 1960s |
| Language family | Pama–Nyungan |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | yxm |
| Glottolog | yinw1236 |
| AIATSIS | Y29 |
Yinwum is an extinct Paman language formerly spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Yinwum people. It is unknown when it became extinct. Historically, it underwent some unusual phonological changes that are difficult to classify and understand in phonetic terms.
Phonology
Consonants
| Peripheral | Laminal | Apical | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Velar | Palatal | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | |
| Nasal | m | ŋ | ɲ | n̪ | n | |
| Prenasalised stop | ⁿp | ⁿk | ⁿc | ⁿt̪ | ⁿt ⁿtʳ | |
| Plosive | p | k | c | t̪ | t tʳ | |
| Fricative | β | ɣ | ð | |||
| Vibrant | r | |||||
| Approximant | w | j | l | ɻ | ||
/ⁿtʳ/ and /tʳ/ are post-trilled consonants (trilled affricates).
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | u |
| Mid | e | |
| Low | a | |
References
- Yinwum at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- Y29 Yinwum at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- Ernst Kausen (2005). "Australische Sprachen".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Kenneth Hale, 1976, Phonological Developments in Particular Northern Paman Languages, pp.12
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