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Macacine gammaherpesvirus 4
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Duplodnaviria
Kingdom:	Heunggongvirae
Phylum:	Peploviricota
Class:	Herviviricetes
Order:	Herpesvirales
Family:	Orthoherpesviridae
Genus:	Lymphocryptovirus
Species:	Macacine gammaherpesvirus 4
Synonyms
Rhesus lymphocryptovirus Cercopithecine herpesvirus 15 Rhesus HHV-4-like virus Rhesus Epstein Barr virus Rhesus EBV-like herpesvirus

Macacine gammaherpesvirus 4 (McHV-4), commonly known as rhesus lymphocryptovirus (RLV), is a species of virus in the genus Lymphocryptovirus, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae, and order Herpesvirales.

In nature, Macacine gammaherpesvirus 4 infects rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Comparison with Human gammaherpesvirus 4

Its genetic structure has been fully sequenced and found to be highly homologous with that of Human gammaherpesvirus 4, commonly known as Epstein-Barr virus, at 65%. The structural proteins are highly conserved, while genes expressed during Human gammaherpesvirus 4 latent infection are much less well conserved. Even in cases where genes have low homology, the Macacine gammaherpesvirus 4 infection genes are functionally interchangeable with Human gammaherpesvirus 4 genes.

Macacine gammaherpesvirus 4 infection in rhesus monkeys resembles Human gammaherpesvirus 4 infection in humans in several respects:

• Oral transmission,
• Atypical lymphocytosis
• Lymphadenopathy
• Activation of CD23+ peripheral blood B cells
• Sustained serologic responses to lytic and latent Human gammaherpesvirus 4 antigens
• Latent infection in the peripheral blood
• Virus persistence in oropharyngeal secretions

These features make the rhesus lymphocryptovirus potentially useful for studying the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of Human gammaherpesvirus 4 infection and associated oncogenesis.

References

1. "ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 19 June 2019.
2. Rivailler P, Jiang H, Cho YG, Quink C, Wang F (2002). "Complete nucleotide sequence of the rhesus lymphocryptovirus: genetic validation for an Epstein-Barr virus animal model". J. Virol. 76 (1): 421–6. doi:10.1128/jvi.76.1.421-426.2002. PMC 135707. PMID 11739708.
3. Amir Moghaddam; Michael Rosenzweig; David Lee-Parritz; Bethany Annis; R. Paul Johnson; Fred Wang (1997). "An Animal Model for Acute and Persistent Epstein-Barr Virus Infection". Science. 276 (5321): 2030–2033. doi:10.1126/science.276.5321.2030. PMID 9197263.

v t e Taxonomy of the Herpesvirales
Higher taxonomy: Duplodnaviria > Heunggongvirae > Peploviricota > Herviviricetes > Herpesvirales
Malacoherpesviridae	Aurivirus AbHV-1 Ostreavirus OsHV-1
Alloherpesviridae	Batrachovirus RaHV-1 2 3 Cyprinivirus AngHV-1 CyHV-1 2 3 Ictalurivirus AciHV-2 IcHV-1 2 Salmonivirus SalHV-1 2 3
Herpesviridae IgHV-2	α ChHV-6 Iltovirus GaHV-1 PsHV-1 Mardivirus AnHV-1 CoHV-1 GaHV-2 3 MeHV-1 SpAHV-1 Scutavirus ChHV-5 TeHV-3 Simplexvirus AtHV-1 BoHV-2 CeHV-2 HHV-1 2 LeHV-4 McHV-1 2 3 MaHV-1 2 PnHV-3 PaHV-2 PtHV-1 SaHV-1 Varicellovirus BoHV-1 5 BuHV-1 CaHV-1 CpHV-1 CeHV-9 CvHV-1 2 3 EHV-1 3 4 8 9 FeHV-1 HHV-3 MoHV-1 PhHV-1 SuHV-1 β Cytomegalovirus AoHV-1 CbHV-1 CeHV-5 HHV-5 McHV-3 8 MnHV-1 PnHV-2 PaHV-3 4 SaHV-4 Muromegalovirus MuHV-1 2 8 Proboscivirus ElHV-1 4 5 Quwivirus CaHV-2 MschBHV1 TuHV-1 Roseolovirus HHV-6A 6B 7 McHV-9 MuHV-3 SuHV-2 γ EHV-7 PhHV-2 SgHV-1 Bossavirus DeHV-1 Lymphocryptovirus CalHV-3 CeHV-14 GoHV-1 HHV-4 McHV-4 10 PnHV-1 PaHV-1 PoHV-2 Macavirus AlHV-1 2 BoHV-6 CpHV-2 HiHV-1 OvHV-2 SuHV-3 4 5 Manticavirus PhaHV-1 VoHV-1 Percavirus EHV-2 5 FeHV-1 MusHV-1 PhHV-3 VeHV-1 Patagivirus VeHV-3 Rhadinovirus AtHV-2 3 BoHV-4 CrHV-2 HHV-8 McHV-5 8 11 12 MuHV-4 7 SaHV-2
Unassigned species listed below parent taxon –– Source: ICTV –– Wikispecies

• Gammaherpesvirinae